Philips 231e1sb User Manual

							
Glossary
  
       
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
Glossary
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 
A
Active matrix 
 
This is a kind of liquid crystal display structure in which switching tr\
ansistors are attached to each 
pixel to control the on/off voltage. It produces a brighter and sharper \
display with a broader viewing 
angle than a passive matrix display. Also refer to TFT (thin film trans\
istor).
 
Amorphous silicon (a-Si)
A semiconductor material that is used to make the thin film transistors \
(TFTs) layer of an active 
matrix LCD.
 
Aspect ratio
The width-to-height ratio of the active area of a display. In general, m\
ost monitors have an aspect 
ratio of 4:3. Wide monitors or TVs have an aspect ratio of 16:9 or 16:10\
.
B
Backlight
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Glossary
The light source for a transmissive LCD. There are two techniques used i\
n nowaday LCD designs. 
Most TFT LCD panels use CCFLs (cold cathode fluorescent light) and a d\
iffuser panel directly 
behind the liquid crystal layer. New technology using Light Emitting Dio\
des (LED) are still under 
development.
 
Brightness
The dimension of color that is referred to an achromatic scale, ranging \
from black to white, also 
called lightness or luminous reflectance. Because of confusion with satu\
ration, the use of this term 
should be discouraged.
 
C 
CCFL(cold cathode fluorescent light)
These are the fluorescent light tubes providing the light for the LCD mo\
dule. These tubes are 
generally very thin, approximately 2 mm in diameter.
 
Chromaticity
That part of color specification, which does not involve illuminance. Ch\
romaticity is two-dimensional 
and specified by pairs of numbers such as dominant wavelength and purity\
.
 
CIE (Commission International de IEclairage)
The International Commission on Illumination, the primary international \
organization concerned with 
color and color measurement.
 
Color temperature
A measurement of the color of light radiated by an object while it is be\
ing heated. This 
measurement is express in terms of absolute scale, (degrees Kelvin). L\
ower Kelvin temperatures 
such as 2400° K are red; higher temperatures such as 9300° K are b\
lue. Neutral temperature is 
white, at 6504° K. Philips monitors generally offers 9300° K, 6500\
° K, and user define.
 
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Glossary
Contrast
The luminance variation between light and dark areas in an image.
 
Contrast ratio
The ratio of luminance between the brightest white pattern and the darke\
st black pattern. 
 
 
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D 
D-SUB 
A VGA Analog input connector. Your monitor comes with a D-Sub cable.
 
Digital Visual Interface (DVI) (available for selective models)
The Digital Visual Interface (DVI) specification provides a high-speed\
 digital connection for visual 
data types that is display technology independent. The interface is prim\
arily focused at providing a 
connection between a computer and its display device. The DVI specificat\
ion meets the needs of all 
segments of the PC industry (workstation, desktop, laptop, etc.) and w\
ill enable these different 
segments to unite around one monitor interface specification.
The DVI interface enables:
1.  Reduce signal loss and video noise in signal due to less signal conversi\
on.
2.  Independent from display technology, and can be used on LCD, Plasma, LCO\
S, etc.
3.  Plug and play through hot plug detection, EDID and DDC2B.
4.  Digital and Analog support in a single connector (DVI-I only). 
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Glossary
 
 
 
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E
 
Energy Star Computers Program 
An energy conservation program launched by the US Environmental Protecti\
on Agency (EPA), 
promotes the manufacture and marketing of energy-efficient office automa\
tion equipment. 
Companies joining this program, must be willing to commit themselves to \
manufacture one or more 
products capable of going into a low -power state (< 30 W) either afte\
r a period of inactivity, or after 
a predetermined time selected by the user.
 
 
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G
Gamma
Screen luminance as a function of video voltage approximately follows a \
mathematical power 
function of the input video signal, the exponent of which is called gamm\
a.
 
Grayscale
An achromatic scale ranging from black through a series of successively \
lighter grays to white. 
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Glossary
Such a series may be made up of steps, which appear to be equally distan\
t from one another. If the 
Analog/ Digital converter is 8 bit, then the monitor can display at most\
 2
8 = 256 levels. For a color 
monitor, R.G.B. each color hads 256 levels. Thus, total color can displa\
y is 256x256x256= 16.7 
million.
 
 
H 
Hue
The main attribute of a color that distinguishes it from other colors. F\
or example, a color may have a 
green, yellow, or purple hue. Color defined as having hue are know as ch\
romatic colors. White, 
black, and grays possess no hue.
I
IPS (In Plane Switching)
A technique of improving the viewing angle of an LCD where the liquid cr\
ystal molecules are 
switched in the plane of the LCD layer rather than vertical to it.
 
L
LCD (liquid crystal display)
A display composed of liquid crystal suspended between two transparent s\
heets. The display is 
composed thousands of pixels which can be turned on or off with electric\
al stimulation. Thus, 
colorful images/texts can be generated.
 
 
Liquid crystal
The compound found in liquid crystal displays. Liquid crystal reacts pre\
dictably when electrically 
stimulated. This makes it the ideal compound to turn LCD pixels on or \
off. Liquid crystal is 
sometimes abbreviated as LC.
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Glossary
 
 
Luminance
A measure of the brightness or luminous intensity of light, usually expr\
essed in units of Candelas 
per square meter (cd/m2) or foot Lamberts. 1 fL=3.426 cd/m2.
 
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N
Nit
A unit of luminance equal to 1 cd/m2 or 0.292 ftL.
P
Pixel
PICture Element; the smallest element on a computerized CRT or LCD image\
, and hence a display.
 
Polarizer
A light filter which only allows light waves of a certain rotation throu\
gh. Polarized material with 
perpendicular filtering is used in LCDs to enclose the liquid crystal. T\
he liquid crystal is then used 
as the medium which twists the light waves 90° in order to allow the \
light to pass through or not.
R
    
 
 
 
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Glossary
Refresh rate
The number of times per second the screen is refreshed or redrawn. This \
number is usually stated 
in Hz (Hertz) or cycles per second. A rate of 60 Hz is equal to 60 tom\
es per second.
 
S 
 
SmartContrast 
Unique technology that dynamically analyzes displayed content and automa\
tically optimizes a LCD 
monitors contrast ratio for maximum visual clarity and viewing enjoymen\
t, stepping up backlighting 
for clearer, crisper and brighter images or dimming backlighting for cle\
ar display of images on dark 
backgrounds. For monitors with SmartContrast, contrast ratio achieves 30\
00:1, the highest 
available today in a desktop LCD monitor. 
 
SmartControl II 
SmartControl II is monitor-based software with an easy-to-use on-screen \
graphic interface that 
guides you through fine-tuning resolution, color calibration and other d\
isplay settings including 
brightness, contrast, clock & phase, position, RGB, white point and - on\
 models with onboard 
speakers - volume adjustments.
 
SmartImage 
SmartImage provides presets that optimize display for different types of\
 content, dynamically 
adjusting brightness, contrast, color and sharpness in real time. Whethe\
r youre working with text 
applications, displaying images or watching a video, Philips SmartImage \
delivers great optimized 
LCD display performance
. 
 
SmartResponse 
SmartResponse is exclusive Philips technology that adjusts response time\
 to application 
requirements, delivering faster response times for gaming and videos or \
better color saturation for 
viewing photos and static images
. 
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Glossary
 
SmartManage Lite 
SmartManage Lite is a system for monitoring, managing and checking statu\
s of display devices 
designed to meet the specific needs of growing small and medium-size bus\
inesses that minimizes 
costs and maximizes IT staff efficiency by remotely controlling key disp\
lay settings, providing status 
reports, compiling usage data, overseeing energy consumption and deterri\
ng thefts
.
sRGB 
 
sRGB is a standard for ensuring correct exchange of colors between diffe\
rent devices (e.g. digital 
cameras, monitors, printers, scanners, etc.)
Using a standard unified color space, sRGB will help represent pictures \
taken by an sRGB 
compatible device correctly on your sRGB enabled Philips monitors. In th\
at way, the colors are 
calibrated and you can rely on the correctness of the colors shown on yo\
ur screen.
Important with the use of sRGB is that the brightness and contrast of yo\
ur monitor is fixed to a 
predefined setting as well as the color gamut. Therefore it is important\
 to select the sRGB setting in 
the monitors OSD.
To do so, open the OSD by pressing the OK button on the front of your mo\
nitor. Move the down 
button to go to Color and press OK again. Use the right button to go to \
sRGB. Then move the down 
button and press OK again to exit the OSD.
After this, please do not change the brightness or contrast setting of y\
our monitor. If you change 
either of these, the monitor will exit the sRGB mode and go to a color t\
emperature setting of 6500K.
Other: 
USB plug: An upstream and a downstream USB plug is provide for users co\
nvenience.
T
TFT(thin film transistor)
Usually made from amorphous silicon (a-Si) and used as a switch to a c\
harge storage device 
located below each sub-pixel on an active matrix LCD.
 
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Glossary
TrueVision
TrueVision is industry-leading, proprietary Philips testing and algorith\
m technology for monitor 
adjustment and fine tuning, an extensive process that ensures ultimate d\
isplay performance in 
compliance with a standard four-times more stringent than Microsofts Vi\
sta requirements from each 
and every monitor that leaves the factory - not just a few review sample\
s. Only Philips goes to these 
lengths to deliver this exacting level of color accuracy and display qua\
lity in every new monitor. 
 
 
U 
 
USB or Universal Serial Bus
A smart plug for PC peripherals. USB automatically determines resources (like driver software and 
bus bandwidth) required by peripherals. USB makes necessary resources a\
vailable without user 
intervention.
l     USB eliminates case anxiety -- the fear of removing the computer case \
to install add-on 
peripherals. USB also eliminates adjustment of complicated IRQ settings \
when installing 
new peripherals. 
l     USB does away with port gridlock. Without USB, PCs are normally limite\
d to one printer, 
two Com port devices (usually a mouse and modem), one Enhanced Paralle\
l Port add-on 
(scanner or video camera, for example) and a joystick. More and more p\
eripherals for 
multimedia computers arrive on the market every day. With USB, up to 127\
 devices can run 
simultaneously on a computer. 
l     USB permits hot plug-in. Theres no need to shut down, plug in, reboot\
 and run set-up to 
install peripherals. And no need to go through the reverse process to un\
plug a device. 
In short, USB transforms todays Plug-and-Pray into true Plug-and-Play\
! 
Hub 
A Universal Serial Bus device that provides additional connections to th\
e Universal Serial Bus. 
Hubs are a key element in the plug-and-play architecture of USB. The Fig\
ure shows a typical hub. 
Hubs serve to simplify USB connectivity from the users perspective prov\
iding low cost and 
complexity.
Hubs are wiring concentrators and enable the multiple attachment charact\
eristics of USB. 
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Attachment points are referred to as ports. Each hub converts a single a\
ttachment point into 
multiple attachment points. The architecture supports concatenation of m\
ultiple hubs. 
The upstream port of a hub connects the hub towards the host. Each of th\
e other downstream ports 
of a hub allows connection to another hub or function. Hubs can detect, \
attach and detach at each 
downstream port and enable the distribution of power to downstream devic\
es. Each downstream 
port can be individually enabled and configured at either full or low sp\
eed. The hub isolates low 
speed ports from full speed signaling. 
A hub consists of two portions: the Hub Controller and Hub Repeater. The\
 repeater is a protocol-
controlled switch between the upstream port and downstream ports. It als\
o has hardware support 
for reset and suspend/resume signaling. The controller provides the inte\
rface registers to allow 
communication to/from the host. Hub specific status and control commands\
 permit the host to 
configure a hub and to monitor and control its ports. 
Device 
A logical or physical entity that performs a function. The actual entity\
 described depends on the 
context of the reference. At the lowest level, device may refer to a sin\
gle hardware component, as 
in a memory device. At a higher level, it may refer to a collection of h\
ardware components that 
perform a particular function, such as a Universal Serial Bus interface \
device. At an even higher 
level, device may refer to the function performed by an entity attached \
to the Universal Serial Bus; 
for example, a data/FAX modem device. Devices may be physical, electrica\
l, addressable, and 
logical.
 
 
 
 
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