Pcs Phone Samsung Vi660 User Guide

							Section 4A: Safety Guidelines 153
What are wireless telephone base stations?
Fixed antennas used for wireless telecommunications are referred to as cellular 
base stations, cell stations, PCS (“Personal Communications Service”) stations 
or telephone transmission towers. These base stations consist of antennas and 
electronic equipment. Because the antennas need to be high in the air, they are 
often located on towers, poles, water tanks, or rooftops. Typical heights for 
freestanding base station towers are 50-200 feet. 
Some base stations use antennas that look like poles, 10 to 15 feet in length, 
that are referred to as “omni-directional” antennas. These types of antennas are 
usually found in rural areas. In urban and suburban areas, wireless providers 
now more commonly use panel or sector antennas for their base stations. 
These antennas consist of rectangular panels, about 1 by 4 feet in dimension. 
The antennas are usually arranged in three groups of three antennas each. One 
antenna in each group is used to transmit signals to wireless phones, and the 
other two antennas in each group are used to receive signals from wireless 
phones.
At any base station site, the amount of RF energy produced depends on the 
number of radio channels (transmitters) per antenna and the power of each 
transmitter. Typically, 21 channels per antenna sector are available. For a typical 
cell site using sector antennas, each of the three transmitting antennas could be 
connected to up to 21 transmitters for a total of 63 transmitters. However, it is 
unlikely that all of the transmitters would be transmitting at the same time. 
When omni-directional antennas are used, a cellular base station could 
theoretically use up to 96 transmitters, but this would be very unusual, and, 
once again, it is unlikely that all transmitters would be in operation 
simultaneously. Base stations used for PCS communications generally require 
fewer transmitters than those used for cellular radio transmissions, since PCS 
carriers usually have a higher density of base station antenna sites.
Are wireless telephone base stations safe?
The electromagnetic RF signals transmitted from base station antennas stations 
travel toward the horizon in relatively narrow paths. For example, the radiation 
pattern for an antenna array mounted on a tower can be likened to a thin 
pancake centered around the antenna system. The individual pattern for a 
single array of sector antennas is wedge-shaped, like a piece of pie. As with all 
forms of electromagnetic energy, the power decreases rapidly as one moves 
away from the antenna. Therefore, RF exposure on the ground is much less 
than exposure very close to the antenna and in the path of the transmitted 
radio signal. In fact, ground-level exposure from such antennas is typically 
thousands of times less than the exposure levels recommended as safe by 
expert organizations. So exposure to nearby residents would be well within 
safety margins. 
Cellular and PCS base stations in the United States are required to comply with 
limits for exposure recommended by expert organizations and endorsed by 
government agencies responsible for health and safety. Measurements made 
near cellular and PCS base station antennas mounted on towers have confirmed 
that ground-level exposures are typically thousands of times less than the 
exposure limits adopted by the FCC. In fact, in order to be exposed to levels at  
						

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or near the FCC limits for cellular or PCS frequencies an individual would 
essentially have to remain in the main transmitted radio signal (at the height of 
the antenna) and within a few feet from the antenna. This is, of course, very 
unlikely to occur. 
When cellular and PCS antennas are mounted on rooftops, RF levels on that roof 
or on others near by would probably be greater than those typically encountered 
on the ground. However, exposure levels approaching or exceeding safety 
guidelines should be encountered only very close to or directly in front of the 
antennas. In addition, for sector-type antennas, typically used for such rooftop 
base stations, RF levels to the side and in back of these antennas are insignificant. 
General guidelines on antenna installations and circumstances that might give 
rise to a concern about an facilitys conformance with FCC regulations can be 
found in A Local Government Officials Guide to Transmitting Antenna RF 
Emission Safety: Rules, Procedures, and Practical Guidance. This Guide can be 
accessed at: 
http://www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety.
Who regulates exposure to radiation from microwave ovens, television 
sets and computer monitors?
The Food and Drug Administration is responsible for protecting the public 
from harmful radiation emissions from these consumer products.
Does the FCC routinely monitor radiofrequency radiation from 
antennas?
The FCC does not have the resources or the personnel to routinely monitor the 
emissions for all the thousands of transmitters that are subject to FCC 
jurisdiction. However, the FCC does have measurement instrumentation for 
evaluating RF levels in areas that may be accessible to the public or to workers. 
If there is evidence for potential non-compliance with FCC exposure guidelines 
for a FCC-regulated facility, staff from the FCCs Office of Engineering and 
Technology or the FCC Enforcement Bureau can conduct and investigation, 
and, if appropriate, perform actual measurements. Circumstances that could 
give rise to a concern about an facilitys conformance with FCC regulations can 
be found in A Local Government Officials Guide to Transmitting Antenna RF 
Emission Safety: Rules, Procedures, and Practical Guidance. This Guide can be 
accessed at: 
http://www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety. Potential exposure problems should be brought to the FCCs attention by contacting the FCC RF Safety Program at: 
202-418-2464 or by email: [email protected]. 
Does the FCC maintain a database that includes information on the 
location and technical parameters of all the transmitting towers it 
regulates?
Each of the FCC Bureaus maintains its own licensing database system for the 
service(s) it regulates (e.g., television, cellular service, satellite earth stations.) 
The FCC issues two types of licenses: site specific and market based. In the 
case of site specific licensed facilities, technical operating information is 
collected from the licensee as part of the licensing process. However, in the 
case of market based licensing (e.g., PCS, cellular), the licensee is granted the 
authority to operate a radio communications system in a geographic area using  
						

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as many facilities as are required, and the licensee is not required to provide the 
FCC with specific location and operating parameters of these facilities.
Information on site specific licensed facilities can be found the “General Menu 
Reports” (GenMen) at http://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/ws.exe/genmen/index.hts.
The various FCC Bureaus also publish on at least a weekly basis, bulk extracts 
of their licensing databases. Each licensing database has its own unique file 
structure. These extracts consist of multiple, very large files. The FCCs Office 
of Engineering and Technology (OET) maintains an index to these databases at 
http://www.fcc.gov/oet/info/database/fadb.html. Entry points into the various databases include frequency, state/county, latitude/longitude, call-sign and 
licensee name. For further information on the Commissions existing databases, 
you can contact Donald Campbell at 
[email protected] or 202-418-2405.
Can local and state governmental bodies establish limits for  
RF exposure?
Although some local and state governments have enacted rules and regulations 
about human exposure to RF energy in the past, the Telecommunications Act 
of 1996 requires the Federal Government to control human exposure to RF 
emissions. In particular, Section 704 of the Act states that, “No State or local 
government or instrumentality thereof may regulate the placement, 
construction, and modification of personal wireless service facilities on the 
basis of the environmental effects of radio frequency emissions to the extent 
that such facilities comply with the Commissions regulations concerning such 
emissions.” Further information on federal authority and FCC policy is available 
in a fact sheet from the FCCs Wireless Telecommunications Bureau at 
www.fcc.gov/wtb. 
Do wireless phones pose a health hazard?
The available scientific evidence does not show that any health problems are 
associated with using wireless phones. There is no proof, however, that 
wireless phones are absolutely safe. Wireless phones emit low levels of 
radiofrequency energy (RF) in the microwave range while being used. They 
also emit very low levels of RF when in the stand-by mode. Whereas high levels 
of RF can produce health effects (by heating tissue), exposure to low level RF 
that does not produce heating effects causes no known adverse health effects. 
Many studies of low level RF exposures have not found any biological effects. 
Some studies have suggested that some biological effects may occur, but such 
findings have not been confirmed by additional research. In some cases, other 
researchers have had difficulty in reproducing those studies, or in determining 
the reasons for inconsistent results.
What is FDAs role concerning the safety of wireless phones?
Under the law, FDA does not review the safety of radiation-emitting consumer 
products such as wireless phones before they can be sold, as it does with new 
drugs or medical devices. However, the agency has authority to take action if 
wireless phones are shown to emit radiofrequency energy (RF) at a level that is 
hazardous to the user. In such a case, FDA could require the manufacturers of  
						

							Section 4A: Safety Guidelines 156
wireless phones to notify users of the health hazard and to repair, replace or 
recall the phones so that the hazard no longer exists.
Although the existing scientific data do not justify FDA regulatory actions, FDA 
has urged the wireless phone industry to take a number of steps, including the 
following:
Support needed research into possible biological effects of RF of the 
type emitted by wireless phones; 
Design wireless phones in a way that minimizes any RF exposure to the 
user that is not necessary for device function; and 
Cooperate in providing users of wireless phones with the best possible 
information on possible effects of wireless phone use on human health 
FDA belongs to an interagency working group of the federal agencies that have 
responsibility for different aspects of RF safety to ensure coordinated efforts at 
the federal level. The following agencies belong to this working group:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 
Environmental Protection Agency 
Federal Communications Commission 
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 
National Telecommunications and Information Administration 
The National Institutes of Health participates in some interagency working 
group activities, as well.
FDA shares regulatory responsibilities for wireless phones with the Federal 
Communications Commission (FCC). All phones that are sold in the United 
States must comply with FCC safety guidelines that limit RF exposure. FCC 
relies on FDA and other health agencies for safety questions about wireless 
phones.
FCC also regulates the base stations that the wireless phone networks rely 
upon. While these base stations operate at higher power than do the wireless 
phones themselves, the RF exposures that people get from these base stations 
are typically thousands of times lower than those they can get from wireless 
phones. Base stations are thus not the primary subject of the safety questions 
discussed in this document.
What kinds of phones are the subject of this update?
The term “wireless phone” refers here to hand-held wireless phones with built-
in antennas, often called “cell,” “mobile,” or “PCS” phones. These types of 
wireless phones can expose the user to measurable radiofrequency energy (RF) 
because of the short distance between the phone and the users head. These RF 
exposures are limited by Federal Communications Commission safety 
guidelines that were developed with the advice of FDA and other federal health 
and safety agencies. When the phone is located at greater distances from the 
user, the exposure to RF is drastically lower because a persons RF exposure 
decreases rapidly with increasing distance from the source. The so-called 
“cordless phones,” which have a base unit connected to the telephone wiring 
in a house, typically operate at far lower power levels, and thus produce RF 
exposures well within the FCCs compliance limits. 
						

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What are the results of the research done already?
The research done thus far has produced conf licting results, and many studies 
have suffered from f laws in their research methods. Animal experiments 
investigating the effects of radiofrequency energy (RF) exposures characteristic 
of wireless phones have yielded conf licting results that often cannot be 
repeated in other laboratories. A few animal studies, however, have suggested 
that low levels of RF could accelerate the development of cancer in laboratory 
animals. However, many of the studies that showed increased tumor 
development used animals that had been genetically engineered or treated with 
cancer-causing chemicals so as to be pre-disposed to develop cancer in the 
absence of RF exposure. Other studies exposed the animals to RF for up to 22 
hours per day. These conditions are not similar to the conditions under which 
people use wireless phones, so we dont know with certainty what the results 
of such studies mean for human health.
Three large epidemiology studies have been published since December 2000. 
Between them, the studies investigated any possible association between the 
use of wireless phones and primary brain cancer, glioma, meningioma, or 
acoustic neuroma, tumors of the brain or salivary gland, leukemia, or other 
cancers. None of the studies demonstrated the existence of any harmful health 
effects from wireless phone RF exposures. However, none of the studies can 
answer questions about long-term exposures, since the average period of 
phone use in these studies was around three years.
What research is needed to decide whether RF exposure from wireless 
phones poses a health risk?
A combination of laboratory studies and epidemiological studies of people 
actually using wireless phones would provide some of the data that are needed. 
Lifetime animal exposure studies could be completed in a few years. However, 
very large numbers of animals would be needed to provide reliable proof of a 
cancer promoting effect if one exists. Epidemiological studies can provide data 
that is directly applicable to human populations, but 10 or more years follow-
up may be needed to provide answers about some health effects, such as 
cancer. This is because the interval between the time of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent and the time tumors develop - if they do - may be many, many 
years. The interpretation of epidemiological studies is hampered by difficulties 
in measuring actual RF exposure during day-to-day use of wireless phones. 
Many factors affect this measurement, such as the angle at which the phone is 
held, or which model of phone is used.
What is FDA doing to find out more about the possible health effects of 
wireless phone RF?
FDA is working with the U.S. National Toxicology Program and with groups of 
investigators around the world to ensure that high priority animal studies are 
conducted to address important questions about the effects of exposure to 
radiofrequency energy (RF).
FDA has been a leading participant in the World Health Organization 
International Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Project since its inception in 1996.  
						

							Section 4A: Safety Guidelines 158
An inf luential result of this work has been the development of a detailed 
agenda of research needs that has driven the establishment of new research 
programs around the world. The Project has also helped develop a series of 
public information documents on EMF issues.
FDA and the Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association (CTIA) have a 
formal Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to do 
research on wireless phone safety. FDA provides the scientific oversight, 
obtaining input from experts in government, industry, and academic 
organizations. CTIA-funded research is conducted through contracts to 
independent investigators. The initial research will include both laboratory 
studies and studies of wireless phone users. The CRADA will also include a 
broad assessment of additional research needs in the context of the latest 
research developments around the world.
What steps can I take to reduce my exposure to radiofrequency energy 
from my wireless phone?
If there is a risk from these products--and at this point we do not know that 
there is--it is probably very small. But if you are concerned about avoiding even 
potential risks, you can take a few simple steps to minimize your exposure to 
radiofrequency energy (RF). Since time is a key factor in how much exposure a 
person receives, reducing the amount of time spent using a wireless phone will 
reduce RF exposure.
If you must conduct extended conversations by wireless phone every 
day, you could place more distance between your body and the source 
of the RF, since the exposure level drops off dramatically with distance. 
For example, you could use a headset and carry the wireless phone 
away from your body or use a wireless phone connected to a remote 
antenna.
Again, the scientific data do not demonstrate that wireless phones are harmful. 
But if you are concerned about the RF exposure from these products, you can 
use measures like those described above to reduce your RF exposure from 
wireless phone use.
What about children using wireless phones?
The scientific evidence does not show a danger to users of wireless phones, 
including children and teenagers. If you want to take steps to lower exposure 
to radiofrequency energy (RF), the measures described above would apply to 
children and teenagers using wireless phones. Reducing the time of wireless 
phone use and increasing the distance between the user and the RF source will 
reduce RF exposure.
Some groups sponsored by other national governments have advised that 
children be discouraged from using wireless phones at all. For example, the 
government in the United Kingdom distributed leaf lets containing such a 
recommendation in December 2000. They noted that no evidence exists that 
using a wireless phone causes brain tumors or other ill effects. Their 
recommendation to limit wireless phone use by children was strictly 
precautionary; it was not based on scientific evidence that any health hazard 
exists. 
						

							Section 4A: Safety Guidelines 159
What about wireless phone interference with medical equipment?
Radiofrequency energy (RF) from wireless phones can interact with some 
electronic devices. For this reason, FDA helped develop a detailed test method 
to measure electromagnetic interference (EMI) of implanted cardiac 
pacemakers and defibrillators from wireless telephones. This test method is 
now part of a standard sponsored by the Association for the Advancement of 
Medical instrumentation (AAMI). The final draft, a joint effort by FDA, medical 
device manufacturers, and many other groups, was completed in late 2000. 
This standard will allow manufacturers to ensure that cardiac pacemakers and 
defibrillators are safe from wireless phone EMI.
FDA has tested hearing aids for interference from handheld wireless phones 
and helped develop a voluntary standard sponsored by the Institute of 
Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). This standard specifies test methods 
and performance requirements for hearing aids and wireless phones so that 
that no interference occurs when a person uses a “compatible” phone and a 
“compatible” hearing aid at the same time. This standard was approved by the 
IEEE in 2000.
FDA continues to monitor the use of wireless phones for possible interactions 
with other medical devices. Should harmful interference be found to occur, 
FDA will conduct testing to assess the interference and work to resolve the 
problem.
Which other federal agencies have responsibilities related to potential 
RF health effects?
Certain agencies in the Federal Government have been involved in monitoring, 
researching or regulating issues related to human exposure to RF radiation. 
These agencies include the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the 
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Occupational Safety and Health 
Administration (OSHA), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and 
Health (NIOSH), the National Telecommunications and Information 
Administration (NTIA) and the Department of Defense (DOD).
By authority of the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968, the 
Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) of the FDA develops 
performance standards for the emission of radiation from electronic products 
including X-ray equipment, other medical devices, television sets, microwave 
ovens, laser products and sunlamps. The CDRH established a product 
performance standard for microwave ovens in 1971 limiting the amount of RF 
leakage from ovens. However, the CDRH has not adopted performance 
standards for other RF-emitting products. The FDA is, however, the lead federal 
health agency in monitoring the latest research developments and advising 
other agencies with respect to the safety of RF-emitting products used by the 
public, such as cellular and PCS phones.
The FDAs microwave oven standard is an emission standard (as opposed to an 
exposure standard) that allows specific levels of microwave leakage (measured at 
five centimeters from the oven surface). The standard also requires ovens to have 
two independent interlock systems that prevent the oven from generating 
microwaves the moment that the latch is released or the door of the oven is  
						

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opened. The FDA has stated that ovens that meet its standards and are used 
according to the manufacturers recommendations are safe for consumer and 
industrial use. More information is available from: 
www.fda.gov/cdrh.
The EPA has, in the past, considered developing federal guidelines for public 
exposure to RF radiation. However, EPA activities related to RF safety and 
health are presently limited to advisory functions. For example, the EPA now 
chairs an Inter-agency Radiofrequency Working Group, which coordinates RF 
health-related activities among the various federal agencies with health or 
regulatory responsibilities in this area.
OSHA is responsible for protecting workers from exposure to hazardous 
chemical and physical agents. In 1971, OSHA issued a protection guide for 
exposure of workers to RF radiation [29 CFR 1910.97]. However, this guide 
was later ruled to be only advisory and not mandatory. Moreover, it was based 
on an earlier RF exposure standard that has now been revised. At the present 
time, OSHA uses the IEEE and/or FCC exposure guidelines for enforcement 
purposes under OSHAs “general duty clause” (for more information see: 
 http://www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC/radiofrequencyradiation/index.html.
NIOSH is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It 
conducts research and investigations into issues related to occupational 
exposure to chemical and physical agents. NIOSH has, in the past, undertaken 
to develop RF exposure guidelines for workers, but final guidelines were never 
adopted by the agency. NIOSH conducts safety-related RF studies through its 
Physical Agents Effects Branch in Cincinnati, Ohio.
The NTIA is an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce and is responsible 
for authorizing Federal Government use of the RF electromagnetic spectrum. 
Like the FCC, the NTIA also has NEPA responsibilities and has considered 
adopting guidelines for evaluating RF exposure from U.S. Government 
transmitters such as radar and military facilities.
The Department of Defense (DOD) has conducted research on the biological 
effects of RF energy for a number of years. This research is now conducted 
primarily at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory located at Brooks Air Force 
Base, Texas. The DOD Web site for RF biological effects information is listed 
with other sites in conjunction with a question on other sources of 
information, below.
Who funds and carries out research on the biological effects of  
RF energy?
Research into possible biological effects of RF energy is carried out in 
laboratories in the United States and around the world. In the U.S., most 
research has been funded by the Department of Defense, due to the extensive 
military use of RF equipment such as radar and high-powered radio 
transmitters. In addition, some federal agencies responsible for health and 
safety, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Food 
and Drug Administration (FDA), have sponsored and conducted research in this 
area. At the present time, most of the non-military research on biological 
effects of RF energy in the U.S. is being funded by industry organizations. More 
research is being carried out overseas, particularly in Europe. 
						

							Section 4A: Safety Guidelines 161
In 1996, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the International 
EMF Project to review the scientific literature and work towards resolution of 
health concerns over the use of RF technology. WHO maintains a Web site that 
provides extensive information on this project and about RF biological effects 
and research (
www.who.ch/peh-emf).
FDA, EPA and other US government agencies responsible for public health and 
safety have worked together and in connection with WHO to monitor 
developments and identify research needs related to RF biological effects.
How does FCC Audit Cell Phone RF?
After FCC grants permission for a particular cellular telephone to be marketed, 
FCC will occasionally conduct “post-grant” testing to determine whether 
production versions of the phone are being produced to conform with FCC 
regulatory requirements. The manufacturer of a cell phone that does not meet 
FCCs regulatory requirements may be required to remove the cell phone from 
use and to refund the purchase price or provide a replacement phone, and may 
be subject to civil or criminal penalties. In addition, if the cell phone presents a 
risk of injury to the user, FDA may also take regulatory action. The most 
important post-grant test, from a consumers perspective, is testing of the RF 
emissions of the phone. FCC measures the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of 
the phone, following a very rigorous testing protocol. As is true for nearly any 
scientific measurement, there is a possibility that the test measurement may be 
less than or greater than the actual RF emitted by the phone. This difference 
between the RF test measurement and actual RF emission is because test 
measurements are limited by instrument accuracy, because test measurement 
and actual use environments are different, and other variable factors. This 
inherent variability is known as “measurement uncertainty.” When FCC 
conducts post-grant testing of a cell phone, FCC takes into account any 
measurement uncertainty to when determining whether regulatory action is 
appropriate. This approach ensures that when FCC takes regulatory action, it 
will have a sound, defensible scientific basis.
FDA scientific staff reviewed the methodology used by FCC to measure cell 
phone RF, and agreed it is an acceptable approach, given our current 
understanding of the risks presented by cellular phone RF emissions. RF 
emissions from cellular phones have not been shown to present a risk of injury 
to the user when the measured SAR is less than the safety limits set by FCC (an 
SAR of 1.6 w/kg). Even in a case where the maximum measurement 
uncertainty permitted by current measurement standards was added to the 
maximum permissible SAR, the resulting SAR value would be well below any 
level known to produce an acute effect. Consequently, FCCs approach with 
measurement uncertainty will not result in consumers being exposed to any 
known risk from the RF emitted by cellular telephones.
FDA will continue to monitor studies and literature reports concerning acute 
effects of cell phone RF, and concerning chronic effects of long-term exposure 
to cellular telephone RF (that is, the risks from using a cell phone for many 
years). If new information leads FDA to believe that a change to FCCs 
measurement policy may be appropriate, FDA will contact FCC and both 
agencies will work together to develop a mutually-acceptable approach. 
						

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Owner’s Record
The model number, regulatory number and serial number are located on a 
nameplate inside the battery compartment. Record the serial number in the space 
provided below. This will be helpful if you need to contact us about your phone in 
the future.
Model: PCS Vision Phone (SPH-a660)
Serial No.: 
User’s Guide Proprietary Notice
CDMA Technology is licensed by QUALCOMM Incorporated under one or more of 
the following patents:
4,901,307   5,109,390   5,267,262   5,416,797   
5,506,865   5,544,196   5,657,420   5,101,501   
5,267,261   5,414,796   5,504,773   5,535,239   
5,600,754   5,778,338   5,228,054   5,337,338   
5,710,784   5,056,109   5,568,483   5,659,569   
5,490,165   5,511,073 
T9 Text Input is licensed by Tegic Communications and is covered by U.S. Pat. 
5,818,437, U.S. Pat. 5,953,541, U.S. Pat. 6,011,554 and other patents pending.
User’s Guide template version 3D (09-01-03)