Motorola 120c Manual

							91
SpeciÞc Absorption  Rate 
Data
This model phone meets the governmentÕs 
requirements for exposure to radio waves. 
Your wireless phone is a radio transmitter and receiver. It is 
designed and manufactured not to exceed the emission limits for 
exposure to radio frequency (RF) energy set by the Federal 
Communications Commission of the U.S. Government. These 
limits are part of comprehensive guidelines and establish 
permitted levels of RF energy for the general population. The 
guidelines are based on standards that were developed by 
independent scientiÞc organizations through periodic and 
thorough evaluation of scientiÞc studies. The standards include a 
substantial safety margin designed to assure the safety of all 
persons, regardless of age and health.
The exposure standard for wireless mobile phones employs a 
unit of measurement known as the SpeciÞc Absorption Rate, or 
SAR. The SAR limit set by the FCC is 1.6 W/kg.
1 Tests for SAR are 
conducted using standard operating positions reviewed by the 
FCC with the phone transmitting at its highest certiÞed power 
level in all tested frequency bands. Although the SAR is 
determined at the highest certiÞed power level, the actual SAR 
level of the phone while operating can be well below the 
maximum value. This is because the phone is designed to 
operate at multiple power levels so as to use only the power 
required to reach the network. In general, the closer you are to a 
wireless base station antenna, the lower the power output.
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							92Before a phone model is available for sale to the public, it must 
be tested and certiÞed to the FCC that it does not exceed the 
limit established by the government-adopted requirement for 
safe exposure. The tests are performed in positions and locations 
(e.g., at the ear and worn on the body) as required by the FCC 
for each model. The highest SAR value for this model phone 
when tested for use at the ear is 1.55 W/kg
2, and when worn on 
the body, as described in this user guide, is 1.41 W/kg.2 
(Body-worn measurements differ among phone models, 
depending upon available accessories and FCC requirements). 
While there may be differences between the SAR levels of 
various phones and at various positions, they all meet the 
government requirement.
The FCC has granted an Equipment Authorization for this model 
phone with all reported SAR levels evaluated as in compliance 
with the FCC RF exposure guidelines. SAR information on this 
model phone is on Þle with the FCC and can be found under the 
Display Grant section of:
http://www.fcc.gov/oet/fccid 
after searching on FCC ID IHDT56AL1.
1. In the United States and Canada, the SAR limit for mobile phones used by 
the public is 1.6 watts/kg (W/kg) averaged over one gram of tissue. The 
standard incorporates a substantial margin of safety to give additional 
protection for the public and to account for any variations in measurements.
2. The SAR information provided to the FCC includes the FCC-accepted 
Motorola testing protocol, assessment procedure, and measurement 
uncertainty range for this product.
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							93
The U.S. Food and Drug 
Administrations Center for Devices 
and Radiological Health Consumer 
Update on Mobile PhonesFDA Update
FDA has been receiving inquiries about the safety of mobile 
phones, including cellular phones and PCS phones. The following 
summarizes what is knownÑand what remains unknownÑ
about whether these products can pose a hazard to health, and 
what can be done to minimize any potential risk. This 
information may be used to respond to questions.
Why the concern?
Mobile phones emit low levels of radio frequency energy (i.e., 
radio frequency radiation) in the microwave range while being 
used. They also emit very low levels of radio frequency energy 
(RF), considered non-signiÞcant, when in the stand-by mode. It 
is well known that high levels of RF can produce biological 
damage through heating effects (this is how your microwave 
oven is able to cook food). However, it is not known whether, to 
what extent, or through what mechanism, lower levels of RF 
might cause adverse health effects as well. Although some 
research has been done to address these questions, no clear 
picture of the biological effects of this type of radiation has 
emerged to date. Thus, the available science does not allow us to 
conclude that mobile phones are absolutely safe, or that they are 
unsafe. However, the available scientiÞc evidence does not 
demonstrate any adverse health effects associated with the use 
of mobile phones.
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							94
What kinds of phones are in question?
Questions have been raised about hand-held mobile phones, the 
kind that have a built-in antenna that is positioned close to the 
users head during normal telephone conversation. These types 
of mobile phones are of concern because of the short distance 
between the phones antennaÑthe primary source of the RFÑ
and the persons head. The exposure to RF from mobile phones 
in which the antenna is located at greater distances from the 
user (on the outside of a car, for example) is drastically lower 
than that from hand-held phones, because a persons RF 
exposure decreases rapidly with distance from the source. The 
safety of so-called Òcordless phones,Ó which have a base unit 
connected to the telephone wiring in a house and which operate 
at far lower power levels and frequencies, has not been 
questioned.
How much evidence is there that hand-held mobile 
phones might be harmful?
Brießy, there is not enough evidence to know for sure, either 
way; however, research efforts are on-going. The existing 
scientiÞc evidence is conßicting and many of the studies that 
have been done to date have suffered from ßaws in their 
research methods. Animal experiments investigating the effects 
of RF exposures characteristic of mobile phones have yielded 
conßicting results. A few animal studies, however, have 
suggested that low levels of RF could accelerate the 
development of cancer in laboratory animals. In one study, mice 
genetically altered to be predisposed to developing one type of 
cancer developed more than twice as many such cancers when 
they were exposed to RF energy compared to controls. There is 
much uncertainty among scientists about whether results 
obtained from animal studies apply to the use of mobile phones. 
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							95 First, it is uncertain how to apply the results obtained in rats and 
mice to humans. Second, many of the studies that showed 
increased tumor development used animals that had already 
been treated with cancer-causing chemicals, and other studies 
exposed the animals to the RF virtually continuouslyÑup to 22 
hours per day.
For the past Þve years in the United States, the mobile phone 
industry has supported research into the safety of mobile 
phones. This research has resulted in two Þndings in particular 
that merit additional study:
1In a hospital-based, case-control study, researchers looked 
for an association between mobile phone use and either 
glioma (a type of brain cancer) or acoustic neuroma (a 
benign tumor of the nerve sheath). No statistically 
signiÞcant association was found between mobile phone 
use and acoustic neuroma. There was also no association 
between mobile phone use and gliomas when all types of 
types of gliomas were considered together. It should be 
noted that the average length of mobile phone exposure in 
this study was less than three years.
When 20 types of glioma were considered separately, 
however, an association was found between mobile phone 
use and one rare type of glioma, neuroepithelliomatous 
tumors. It is possible with multiple comparisons of the same 
sample that this association occurred by chance. Moreover, 
the risk did not increase with how often the mobile phone 
was used, or the length of the calls. In fact, the risk actually 
decreased with cumulative hours of mobile phone use. 
Most cancer causing agents increase risk with increased 
exposure. An ongoing study of brain cancers by the 
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							96National Cancer Institute is expected to bear on the 
accuracy and repeatability of these results.
1
2Researchers conducted a large battery of laboratory tests to 
assess the effects of exposure to mobile phone RF on 
genetic material. These included tests for several kinds of 
abnormalities, including mutations, chromosomal 
aberrations, DNA strand breaks, and structural changes in 
the genetic material of blood cells called lymphocytes. None 
of the tests showed any effect of the RF except for the 
micronucleus assay, which detects structural effects on the 
genetic material. The cells in this assay showed changes 
after exposure to simulated cell phone radiation, but only 
after 24 hours of exposure. It is possible that exposing the 
test cells to radiation for this long resulted in heating. Since 
this assay is known to be sensitive to heating, heat alone 
could have caused the abnormalities to occur. The data 
already in the literature on the response of the 
micronucleus assay to RF are conßicting. Thus, follow-up 
research is necessary.
2
FDA is currently working with government, industry, and 
academic groups to ensure the proper follow-up to these 
industry-funded research Þndings. Collaboration with the 
Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA) in 
particular is expected to lead to FDA providing research 
recommendations and scientiÞc oversight of new CTIA-funded 
research based on such recommendations.
Two other studies of interest have been reported recently in the 
literature:
1Two groups of 18 people were exposed to simulated mobile 
phone signals under laboratory conditions while they 
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							97 performed cognitive function tests. There were no changes 
in the subjects ability to recall words, numbers, or pictures, 
or in their spatial memory, but they were able to make 
choices more quickly in one visual test when they were 
exposed to simulated mobile phone signals. This was the 
only change noted among more than 20 variables 
compared.
3
2In a study of 209 brain tumor cases and 425 matched 
controls, there was no increased risk of brain tumors 
associated with mobile phone use. When tumors did exist in 
certain locations, however, they were more likely to be on 
the side of the head where the mobile phone was used.
Because this occurred in only a small number of cases, the 
increased likelihood was too small to be statistically 
signiÞcant.
4
In summary, we do not have enough information at this point to 
assure the public that there are, or are not, any low incident 
health problems associated with use of mobile phones. FDA 
continues to work with all parties, including other federal 
agencies and industry, to assure that research is undertaken to 
provide the necessary answers to the outstanding questions 
about the safety of mobile phones.
What is known about cases of human cancer that 
have been reported in users of hand-held mobile 
phones?
Some people who have used mobile phones have been 
diagnosed with brain cancer. But it is important to understand 
that this type of cancer also occurs among people who have not 
used mobile phones. In fact, brain cancer occurs in the U.S. 
population at a rate of about 6 new cases per 100,000 people 
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							98each year. At that rate, assuming 80 million users of mobile 
phones (a number increasing at a rate of about 1 million per 
month), about 4800 cases of brain cancer would be expected 
each year among those 80 million people, whether or not they 
used their phones. Thus it is not possible to tell whether any 
individuals cancer arose because of the phone, or whether it 
would have happened anyway. A key question is whether the 
risk of getting a particular form of cancer is greater among 
people who use mobile phones than among the rest of the 
population. One way to answer that question is to compare the 
usage of mobile phones among people with brain cancer with 
the use of mobile phones among appropriately matched people 
without brain cancer. This is called a case-control study. The 
current case-control study of brain cancers by the National 
Cancer Institute, as well as the follow-up research to be 
sponsored by industry, will begin to generate this type of 
information.
What is FDAs role concerning the safety of mobile 
phones?
Under the law, FDA does not review the safety of radiation-
emitting consumer products such as mobile phones before 
marketing, as it does with new drugs or medical devices. 
However, the agency has authority to take action if mobile 
phones are shown to emit radiation at a level that is hazardous 
to the user. In such a case, FDA could require the manufacturers 
of mobile phones to notify users of the health hazard and to 
repair, replace or recall the phones so that the hazard no longer 
exists.
Although the existing scientiÞc data do not justify FDA 
regulatory actions at this time, FDA has urged the mobile phone 
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							99 industry to take a number of steps to assure public safety. The 
agency has recommended that the industry:
¥ support needed research into possible biological effects of 
RF of the type emitted by mobile phones
¥ design mobile phones in a way that minimizes any RF 
exposure to the user that is not necessary for device 
function
¥ cooperate in providing mobile phone users with the best 
possible information on what is known about possible 
effects of mobile phone use on human health
At the same time, FDA belongs to an interagency working group 
of the federal agencies that have responsibility for different 
aspects of mobile phone safety to ensure a coordinated effort at 
the federal level. These agencies are:
¥ National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
¥ Environmental Protection Agency
¥ Federal Communications Commission
¥ Occupational Health and Safety Administration
¥ National Telecommunications and Information 
Administration
The National Institutes of Health also participates in this group.
In the absence of conclusive information about any 
possible risk, what can concerned individuals do?
If there is a risk from these productsÑand at this point we do 
not know that there isÑit is probably very small. But if people 
are concerned about avoiding even potential risks, there are 
simple steps they can take to do so. For example, time is a key 
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							100factor in how much exposure a person receives. Those persons 
who spend long periods of time on their hand-held mobile 
phones could consider holding lengthy conversations on 
conventional phones and reserving the hand-held models for 
shorter conversations or for situations when other types of 
phones are not available.
People who must conduct extended conversations in their cars 
every day could switch to a type of mobile phone that places 
more distance between their bodies and the source of the RF, 
since the exposure level drops off dramatically with distance. For 
example, they could switch to:
¥ a mobile phone in which the antenna is located outside the 
vehicle
¥ a hand-held phone with a built-in antenna connected to a 
different antenna mounted on the outside of the car or built 
into a separate package
¥ a headset with a remote antenna to a mobile phone carried 
at the waist 
Again, the scientiÞc data do not demonstrate that mobile 
phones are harmful. But if people are concerned about the radio 
frequency energy from these products, taking the simple 
precautions outlined above can reduce any possible risk.
Where can I Þnd additional information?
For additional information, see the following Web sites: 
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