Land Rover Range Rover 1999 Owners Handbook Aus Rover

							Fuel
98
INERTIA SWITCH
For information about the operation of the
inertia switch (seeLocks & alarm). 
						

							Automatic transmission
99
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
Vehicles with automatic transmission are
equipped with an H-gate gear selector
mechanism. This combines the operating
mechanism of both the main gearbox and the
transfer gears, and enables the gear selector
positions for both the high and low gear
ranges to be located side by side.
Gear selector lever
Move the selector lever forward or back along
the drivers side of the H to select the high
range of gears. Similarly, by moving the lever
to the passenger side, the low range can be
selected instead. The H-gate illumination is
colour coded to identify the two ranges: high
range illumination is green and low range is
amber.
A spring loaded catch built into the handle of
the gear selector lever restricts movement of
the lever, thereby preventing inadvertent gear
selection. The catch has two pressures:
·the first pressure enables gear changes to
be made within a single range of gears
(High range OR Low range).
·the second pressure enables the selector
to be moved from one range of gears to
another (ie. from High TO Low).
NOTE:Gear selection between D and 3
(High range) or 4 and 3 (Low range) may be
made without pressing the catch.
HIGH RANGE GEARS
Use the high range for road driving and also
for off-road driving across dry, level terrain.
The message centre will momentarily display
HIGH as soon as High range is selected, and
then display the gear selected (eg. 3).
WARNING
DO NOT attempt to change to LOW range
gears for normal road driving. 
						

							Automatic transmission
100 LOW RANGE GEARS
ONLY use low range gears in a situation
where low speed manoeuvring is necessary,
such as reversing a trailer or negotiating a
boulder strewn river bed; also use low range
for more extreme off-road conditions where
progress in high range cannot be maintained.
When low range is selected, the message
centre displays LOW momentarily, and then
L is displayed along with the relevant gear
selected (eg.L2).
High/low range change warning
An audible warning will sound whilst a change
from one gear range to another is attempted.
The warning will cease once the change is
complete or cancelled.
Using the H-gate
To make a change from high to low or vice
versa,the vehicle must be stationary.
1. Apply the brakes and, with the vehicle
stationary, select N.
2. Fully depress the catch built into the handle
of the selector lever and move the lever across
the cross-piece of the H-gate. On reaching
the required gear range, the H-gate
illumination and the transfer gearbox warning
light (in the instrument pack) start to flash,
and the audible warning sounds.
3. Wait until illumination of the new gear
range selector positions is constant and the
transfer gearbox warning light extinguishes
(the audible warning will silence and High or
Low is displayed in the message centre),
before selecting the desired gear in the new
range and releasing the brakes.
If the vehicle is moving when a transfer gear
change is attempted, the message centre will
display SLOW DOWN and the audible
warning will sound.If the gear range is changed and forward or
reverse drive engaged without first waiting in
N for the illumination to stop flashing and the
audible warning to stop, the message centre
will display SELECT NEUTRAL and a warning
will sound - reselect N and wait for range
change completion before selecting the
required driving gear.
WARNING
To avoid personal injury and possible
damage to the transmission, it is essential
to ensure that any change of gear range is
fully completed before releasing the brake
and driving, i.e, wait until:
·Illumination of the gear range selector
positions is continuous.
·The transfer gearbox warning light has
extinguished.
·The audible warning is silent.
·The message centre displays the
appropriate message - HIGH or LOW. 
						

							Automatic transmission
101 Selector lever positions
(high range)
P Park
In this position the transmission is locked to
prevent the vehicle from rolling away. Select
ONLY with the vehicle stationary.
R Reverse
Select ONLY when the vehicle is stationary.
N Neutral
Use this position when the vehicle is
stationary and the engine is to idle for a short
period (eg. at traffic lights).
D Drive
In high range, select D for all normal driving
on good road surfaces; fully automatic gear
changing occurs on all forward gears
according to vehicle speed and accelerator
position.
3 (1st, 2nd and 3rd gears)
Automatic gear changing is limited to first,
second and third gears only. In high range,
use in congested traffic conditions and for
town driving.
2 (1st and 2nd gears)
Automatic gear changing is limited to first and
second ratios only. In high range, use when
driving up steep gradients and for negotiating
very narrow twisting roads. This position also
provides moderate engine braking for
descending slopes.
1 (1st gear only)
Use on very severe gradients, particularly
when towing, and when maximum engine
braking is required.
NOTE:If position 2 or 1 is selected from D
or 3 while the vehicle is travelling at high
speed in high range, then, depending on
vehicle speed, third gear will immediately
engage. Progressive deceleration will then
cause downshifts into second and then first
gear when appropriately low road speeds are
reached.
WARNING
Always leave the vehicle with the gear
selector in P (Park) position when parked,
even when the starter key is not removed.
Starting and driving
Drivers unfamiliar with the performance
characteristics of automatic gearboxes should
thoroughly familiarise themselves with the
following instructions before driving.
·Before starting the engine, ensure that
both footbrake and handbrake are applied.
·After starting the engine, KEEP THE
BRAKES APPLIED whilst moving the
selector lever to the required drive
position.
·Keep the brakes applied until you are
ready to move - remember, once a drive
position is selected, an automatic will
tend to creep forward (or backward).
·Never rev the engine while selecting a
forward or reverse drive gear, or while the
vehicle is stationary with a drive gear
selected - remember, an automatic will
move immediately the accelerator pedal is
pressed. 
						

							Automatic transmission
102 Gear changing in high range
The road speeds at which gear changes take
place vary according to the position of the
accelerator; minimum acceleration will result
in gear changes at low road speeds, while
greater throttle openings will cause the
gearbox to delay gear changes until faster
road speeds have been reached (thereby
increasing acceleration).
With practice, gear changes can be made to
occur at a wide range of different road speeds
depending on accelerator pedal pressure.
On long inclines, an automatic gearbox will
sometimes change back and forth between
gears. This occurs because the transmission
does not include a ratio that is precisely right
for the particular incline and vehicle loading
circumstances. Excessive gear changing is
wasteful of fuel and results in a loss of
momentum; it can be prevented by selecting
the 3 or 2 positions which limit the gearbox
to lower ratios.
Kick-down
To provide rapid acceleration for overtaking,
kick the accelerator pedal to the full extent of
its travel in a single, quick movement (this is
known as kick-down). Up to a certain speed,
this will cause an immediate downshift into
the lowest appropriate gear, followed by rapid
acceleration. Once the pedal is relaxed, normal
gear change speeds will resume (dependent
on road speed and accelerator pedal position).MODE SWITCH
In High range, the mode switch is used to
select Sport mode.
In Low range, pressing the same switch
selects Manual mode.
Pressing the switch a second time returns the
gearbox to its normal operation.
Sport mode
When accelerating in Sport mode, gear
changing is delayed to make optimum use of
the engines power. Select when increased
acceleration is required, or when negotiating
long inclines or twisting roads. However, you
should be aware that driving in Sport mode
will increase fuel consumption.
To select Sport mode, press the Mode
switch once whilst the gearbox is in High
range (the message centre will display S
along with the selected gear, eg.S3). 
						

							Automatic transmission
103 Manual mode
Press the mode switch whilst the gearbox is in
Low range to select Manual mode; this
enables the transmission to function as a
manual gearbox, providing maximum vehicle
control and engine braking - ideal for use in
severe off-road conditions (the message
centre displays LM along with the selected
gear, eg.LM3).
NOTE:Changing from High to Low range (or
vice versa) will automatically cancel Sport or
Manual mode.
Towing for recovery
If it is necessary for the vehicle to be towed on
all four wheels, transfer neutral MUST be
selected. (SeeEmergency towing). 
						

							Braking systems
104 FOOT BRAKE
As a safety precaution, the hydraulic braking
system operates through dual circuits. If one
circuit fails the other will continue to function,
but increased brake pedal travel, greater pedal
effort and longer stopping distances will be
experienced.
Brake pads
Brake pads require a period of bedding in. You
should avoid heavy braking except in
emergencies for at least the first 800 km.
Remember that regular servicing is vital to
ensure that the brake pads are examined for
wear and changed periodically to ensure long
term safety and optimum performance.
WARNING
DO NOT rest your foot on the brake pedal
while travelling as this may overheat the
brakes, reduce their efficiency and cause
excessive wear.
NEVER move a vehicle without the engine
running because braking assistance may not
be available. The pedal brakes will still
function, but more pressure will be
required.
ALWAYS take particular care when being
towed with the engine turned off.
If the brake warning light should illuminate
while the vehicle is in motion, bring the
vehicle to a halt as quickly as traffic
conditions and safety permit and seek
qualified assistance before continuing DO
NOT pump the brake pedal. If the brake
pedal is pumped the braking system may
lose any remaining assistance available.HANDBRAKE
Unlike most other vehicles, the handbrake
operates on the rear propeller shaft, and NOT
on the road wheels. This may result in slight
movement of the vehicle after the handbrake
is applied.
Apply the handbrake by pulling back the lever.
To release, pull the lever back slightly and
hold the release button depressed while
allowing the lever to fully return to its off
position.
WARNING
DO NOT apply the handbrake while the
vehicle is in motion (except in an
emergency) as this could result in loss of
vehicle control and damage to the
transmission.
Do not rely on the handbrake to operate
effectively if the vehicle has been subjected
to immersion in mud and water. (see
Off-road driving). 
						

							Braking systems
105 ANTI-LOCK BRAKING
The purpose of anti-lock braking (ABS) is to
allow efficient braking without wheel locking,
thereby allowing the driver to retain
steerability and control of the vehicle.
WARNING
ABS cannot overcome the physical
limitations of stopping the vehicle in too
short a distance, cornering at too high a
speed, or the danger of aquaplaning, i.e.
where a layer of water prevents adequate
contact between the tyres and the road
surface.
The fact that a vehicle is fitted with ABS
must never tempt the driver into taking risks
that could affect his/her safety or that of
other road users. In all cases, it remains the
drivers responsibility to drive within normal
safety margins, having due consideration for
the prevailing weather and traffic
conditions.
The driver should always take account of the
surface to be travelled over and the fact that
brake pedal reactions will be different to
those experienced on a non-ABS vehicle.
ABS incorporates a monitoring system which
checks that all the electrical components are
in working order before each journey and also
at frequent intervals while the vehicle is in use.
The warning lights on the instrument panel
are part of this system and it is essential that
the driver observes these and fully
understands their functions - these are fully
described in Section 2 of the handbook under
Warning lights.
WARNING
DO NOT drive until the red brake warning
light has extinguished (with the handbrake
released). If the light stays on or illuminates
whilst driving, this indicates either a
malfunction of the system or low fluid level
in the reservoir. In this case ABS control is
not available. Stop as soon as safety
permits and seek qualified assistance
before continuing.
ABS in action!
Under normal driving conditions (where
sufficient road surface friction exists to
reliably bring the vehicle to a halt without the
wheels locking), ABS will not be brought into
operation.
However, should the braking force exceed the
available adhesion between the tyres and the
road surface, then ABS will automatically
come into operation; brake pedal feel will
harden, and the sound of solenoid cycling
may be heard as the ABS regulates braking
pressure to ensure wheel rotation.
Little further pedal travel will be possible at
this point, but effort on the pedal can be
varied to influence braking while the ABS
retains control.
During braking, some vibration may be felt
through the brake pedal. This is a normal
result of the system regulating braking
pressure. However, frequent vibration
indicates a hazardous surface under the road
wheels and is a warning to the driver to adjust
speed to suit the road surface and traffic
conditions. 
						

							Braking systems
106 When ABS stops operating, extra initial pedal
travel will be experienced and the feel of the
brake pedal will revert to its non-ABS
condition.
WARNING
Do not pump the brake pedal at any time as
this will interrupt ABS operation and may
increase braking distance.
Ensure that there are no obstructions
beneath the brake pedal which may prevent
full travel, i.e. additional floor mats.
Brake pedal reactions will be different from
those experienced on a non-ABS vehicle.
Additional operating information
·Under ABS control, heavy braking on a dry
road may produce tyre noise and slight
marking of the road surface. Neither need
cause concern.
·Solenoid cycling may sometimes be heard
when driving on very rough roads or while
feathering (light braking) over irregular or
pitted surfaces. This is part of the normal
ABS function.
·If excessive pedal travel is experienced,
full braking will still be available; push the
pedal through the free movement until
resistance is felt, then apply the necessary
force to obtain braking. However, as soon
as safety permits stop the vehicle and seek
qualified assistance before continuing.
·On soft surfaces such as powdery snow,
sand or gravel, and also on very rough
surfaces, braking distances with ABS may
be greater than those achievable with a
non-ABS system. This is because the
natural action of locked wheels on soft
surfaces is to build up a wedge of material
in front of the wheels which assists in
stopping (however, ABS will continue to
provide better stability and steering
control).
·If the vehicle is brought to rest on a steep
slope which has a very low-friction
surface, the vehicle may slide with the
wheels locked because there is no wheel
rotation to signal movement to the ABS. If
this occurs, momentarily release the
brakes (to permit some wheel rotation),
before re-applying them to allow ABS to
regain control. Where a slow descent is
necessary, engage a LOW range gear with
the engine running to allow a controlled
descent (seeOff-road drivingfor further
information).
WARNING
ABS is designed to operate only with
genuine Land Rover parts, and the tyres and
wheels specified in General data.
Land Rover cannot accept any responsibility
for inefficient operation of the system
caused by modifications to the vehicle or the
fitting of non-approved components. Always
consult your Land Rover dealer for advice. 
						

							Traction control
107 ELECTRONIC TRACTION CONTROL
The purpose of electronic traction control is to
aid traction when one wheel on an axle spins
whilst the other still has good grip, e.g, if one
side of the vehicle is on ice and the other is on
tarmac. The system works by applying the
brake to a spinning wheel in order to transfer
torque to the other side of the axle.
NOTE:Traction control only operates below
approximately 100 km/h.
The instrument panel has a traction control
warning light (TC) and, when appropriate,
traction control messages will also be
displayed in the message centre.
The warning light illuminates
whenever the system is active
(for a minimum of 2 seconds)
and is accompanied by the message centre
displaying TRACTION. In the unlikely event
that traction control is used continuously for
too long (in excess of approximately 1
minute), then the control unit shuts down to
allow cooling and the warning light flashes for
at least ten seconds; this is accompanied by
the message centre displaying TRACTION
OVERHEAT.
If there is a fault with the system, then the
warning light will illuminate continuously and
the message centre displays TRACTION
FAILURE. If this occurs, you should contact a
Land Rover dealer at the earliest opportunity.