Casio Z1 Gr User Manual
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6 1.2 Operational Functions Power Switch Slide up to switch power ON and down to switch power OFF. Shift Key ( S ) Used to enter BASIC commands and symbols noted above the keys of the keyboard. Each press of this key causes the symbol “[S]” to switch on and off on the display. Throughout this manual, this key is represented by Shift in order to distinguish it from the alphabetic S key. Volatile Shift Key ( SHIFT ) Same function as the Shift key but needs to be held when pressing the various...](http://img.usermanuals.tech/thumb/16/62749/w64_casio-z1-gr-user-manual-1491293581_d-5.png "Page 6
6 1.2 Operational Functions Power Switch Slide up to switch power ON and down to switch power OFF. Shift Key ( S ) Used to enter BASIC commands and symbols noted above the keys of the keyboard. Each press of this key causes the symbol “[S]” to switch on and off on the display. Throughout this manual, this key is represented by Shift in order to distinguish it from the alphabetic S key. Volatile Shift Key ( SHIFT ) Same function as the Shift key but needs to be held when pressing the various...")
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7 Switches the alphabet keys between upper case and lower case characters. The upper case mode is indicated by the “CAPS” symbol on the display. Cursor Keys ( , , , ) Move the cursor on the screen. Each press moves the cursor in the direction noted on the keys pressed, while holding down the keys causes continuous, high speed movement. Each cursor key also takes on a different function when pressed in combination with the [Shift] key. KEY FUNCTION [Shift] + .. Cursor left Moves to...](http://img.usermanuals.tech/thumb/16/62749/w64_casio-z1-gr-user-manual-1491293581_d-6.png "Page 7
7 Switches the alphabet keys between upper case and lower case characters. The upper case mode is indicated by the “CAPS” symbol on the display. Cursor Keys ( , , , ) Move the cursor on the screen. Each press moves the cursor in the direction noted on the keys pressed, while holding down the keys causes continuous, high speed movement. Each cursor key also takes on a different function when pressed in combination with the [Shift] key. KEY FUNCTION [Shift] + .. Cursor left Moves to...")
11 1.4.2 Functions Noted Above the Keys The BASIC one-key commands, and the symbols and commands noted above the keys are entered when the corresponding keys are pressed following the Shift key. Note, however, that pressing the numeric keys ( 0 - 9 ) after Shift in the CAL mode executes the BASIC program in the corresponding program area. EXAMPLE: Operation Display Shift Z PRINT Shift * NPR( 1.5 Screen The screen is a 32-column x 2-line liquid crystal display. Characters are formed by a 5 x 7 dot matrix. 1.5.1 Physical Lines and Logical Lines The maximum display capacity of one line is 32 columns, but internally the unit is capable of handling lines up to 255 characters long. The display capacity line (32 characters) is referred to as the physical line, while the internal capacity line is called a logical line. A logical line is a continuous line of characters in which any column on the extreme right of the screen is not a null. One physical line → One physical line → 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+12+14 +15+16+17_ One logical line, from the first character to the last Pressing Shift moves the cursor to the beginning of the logical line, while Shift . moves the cursor to the end of the logical line. These operations are useful in determining the extent of logical lines. 1.5.2 Virtual Screen The screen can display four lines at one time, and as the 5th line is input, the first line scrolls off the top of the screen. Lines that scroll off of the screen can, however, be brought back into view using the cursor ( / ) keys, because the unit is able to store up to eight lines internally. These eight lines make up the virtual screen, while the four lines actually displayed are called the actual screen. 1 AAAA 2 BBBB 3 CCCC 4 DDDD 5 EEEE 6 FFFF Actual screen (4 lines) Virtual screen (8 lines) 7 GGGG 8 HHHH
12 1.5.3 Screen Editor Any program lines or data included on the virtual screen can be edited. First the portion of the program or data is brought onto the actual screen, and then the cursor is located at the position to be edited 1.5.4 Display Contrast The display may appear dark or dim depending upon the strength of the batteries or the viewing angle. The contrast of the display can be adjusted to the desired level by rotating the control dial down darkens the display, while rotating it up lightens the display. A weak display when contrast is set to high level indicates weakened batteries, and batteries should be replaced as soon as possible. 1.6 Display Characters The relationship between characters and character codes is illustrated in the following table. Character Code Table High-order digit 0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 HEX 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 0 SPC 0 @ P ` p Ä 0 SPC - » Û ≥ 1 1 DEL 1 A Q a q ∫ 1 ° ž ½ Ü ≤ 2 2 LINE TOP INS “ 2 B R b r √ 2 F À Ý ± å 3 3 # 3 C S c s ´ 3 R ¢ Â Þ D 4 4 SHIFT RELEASE 4 D T d t ∑ 4 ` ¤ Ä à Ô 5 5 LINE CANCEL 5 E U e u Ω 5 . ¦ Æ â 6 6 LINE END & 6 F V f v 6 î § Ç ä ª 7 7 BEL ’ 7 G W g w 7 © È å π £ 8 8 BS ( 8 H X h x 8 Ÿ « É æ ¢ 9 9 CAPS L-U ) 9 I Y i y 9 ¡ Ê ç ± 10 A LF * : J Z j z
+ £ ¯ Ë è ß 11 B HOME + ; K [ k { - ¥ ± Î é o 12 C CLS , < L ¥ l | n ß ³ Ñ ë 13 D CR - = M ] m } x á µ Ô ï 14 E SHIFT SET . > ^ n ~ -1 ã · × ¨ ∆ Low-order digit 15 F CAPS U-L / ? _ o × ¿ ¹ Ú ° \ CONTRAST
13 Characters which cannot be displayed using keyboard input can be displayed using the CHR$ function. 1.7 Power Supply This unit is equipped with a main power supply (four AA Alkaline batteries) and a backup power supply (one CR2032 lithium battery). Batteries should be replaced whenever the display remains dim, even after contrast adjustment. Batteries should also be replaced once every two years regardless of how much the unit has been used. Battery Replacement 1) Switch the power of the unit OFF and remove the rear panel of the unit after removing the three screws holding it in place. 2) To replace the four batteries of the main power supply, position the internal switch to the right, slide the cover of the battery compartment and replace the four AA batteries. Put back the internal switch in its central position 3) To replace the memory backup battery, position the internal switch to the left, slide the cover of the battery compartment and replace the CR2032 battery. Put back the internal switch in its central position 4) Replace the rear panel on the unit and three screws to hold it in place. 1.8 Auto Power Off The power of the unit is automatically switched OFF approximately 6 minutes after the last key operation (except during program execution), or the last input for an INPUT statement or PRINT statement. Power can be resumed by either switching the power switch OFF and then ON again, or by pressing the BRK key. Program and data contents are retained even when power is switched OFF, but settings such as the number of digits or the mode (i.e. BASIC mode) are cancelled. 1.9 SYSTEM* Self Test Function The unit has a powerful built-in self-test function you can address by entering the following command: .S Y S T E M * . . [0]ROM [1]LCD [2]KEY [3]LB [4]RAM [5]RAMW [6]RAMR [7]DISP [8]3Pin Connector[9]DISPLOOP [+]I/O P Screws Switch
14 Note: This hardware test will erase all programs and data stored in the unit. Selecting one of the options of the self-test menu will allow following tests 0. Test of the Read Only Memory, computing check sum and XOR check 1. Test of the symbol displays, outside pixels, uneven pixels, even pixels, all pixels together. Go from one test to another with the . . key. 2. Test of each key, starting with MENU and finishing with . . The computer will ask to depress each key, notifying a successful result with the beeper. 3. Low Battery test. This allows testing the main battery and backup (SUB) battery status. Press BRK key to go back to the SYSTEM* menu. 4. Test of the Random Access Memory. This test will return the amount of RAM in the unit (main and optional extension pack) and test it by writing and reading it, returning “CHECK OK” when successful. Press any key to go back to SYSTEM* menu. 5. Writing test of the RAM. This is the first phase of the [4]RAM test. 6. Reading test of the RAM. This is the second phase of the [4]RAM test, and it will work properly only if executed just after the writing test. Use the BRK key to exit the test in case of an error. 7. Rest of the display and the beeper. Press the BRK key to go back to SYSTEM* menu. 8. Test of the 3-pin connector. 9. Test of the display using a loop printing the character set. Exit the loop with the BRK key. + Test of the Input / output port. Exit the SYSTEM* menu by pressing the CAL key.
15 2 Fundamental Operation This section covers the various modes available with the computer using a series of simple examples. These procedures should be mastered before attempting more complex operations. 2.1 CAL Mode The CAL mode is in effect each time the power of the unit is switched ON. Arithmetic calculations, function calculations, formula storage calculations, program execution can be performed in this mode. EXAMPLE: 2.5+3.5-2= OPERATION: 2 . 5 + 3 . 5 - 2 . . 3.5+3.5–2 4 The touch . . is used instead of the = key, operation is identical to that used in a standard calculator. The CAL mode can be entered from another mode by pressing the CAL key. 2.2 Formula Storage Function The formula storage function makes it possible to store often-used formulas in memory for calculation when values are assigned to variables. This function is applied in the CAL mode using the IN , OUT , and CALC keys. EXAMPLE: Determining the selling price of a product by applying a profit rate based on the purchase price and selling price. SELLING PRICE = PURCHASE PRICE / (1 – PROFIT%) KEY INPUT CAL S E L L = P U R C H A S E / ( 1 - P R O F I T ) IN. Ensure that input of the formula is correct by pressing the OUT key. OPERATION: OUT SELL=PURCHASE/(1–PROFIT) SELL=PURCHASE/(1–PROFIT)_
16 Now, calculate the selling prices of the following: PURCHASE PRICE PROFIT $1000 30% $960 25% CALC PURCHASE?_ 1000 . . PURCHASE?1000 PROFIT?_ 0 . 3 . . PURCHASE?1000 PROFIT?0.3 SELL= 1428.571429 CALC PURCHASE?_ 960 . . PURCHASE?960 PROFIT?_ . 25 . . PURCHASE?960 PROFIT?.25 SELL= 1280 As can be seen in this example, once a formula is input, it can be used repeatedly by simply assigning values for the variables. See PART 4 FORMULA STORAGE FUNCTION for details. * The BRK key can be used to terminate this function. 2.3 BASIC Mode The BASIC mode is used for the creation, execution and editing of BASIC programs. The BASIC mode can be entered from another mode by pressing MENU 2 . EXAMPLE: Create and execute a program that calculates the sum of two values A and B. PROGRAM INPUT MENU 22 P 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 51146B Ready P0 Shift P0. 10 A = 5 . 20 B = 6 . 30 P R I N T A + B . . 40 E N D . . PROGRAM EXECUTION R U N . . RUN 11 Ready P0
17 2.4 C Mode The C mode is used for the creation, execution and editing of C programs. The C mode can be entered from another mode by pressing MENU 3 . EXAMPLE: Create and execute a program that prints HELLO. PROGRAM INPUT MENU 32 < C > F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 51113B F0>Run/Load/Source You can use the cursor keys to select the program area 0 - 9 Press R (Run) to run the C program Press L (Load) to load the C program for the interpreter Press S (Source) to edit the C source code. S. O M A I N ( ) Shift { . SPC P R I N T F ( “ CAPS H E L L O Shift ¥ CAPS N ” ). .;. . . Shift } . . main(){↵ printf(“HELLO¥n”);↵ } Shift SUB MENU L. Load F0 > R U N . . >run HELLO > 2.5 CASL Mode The CASL mode is used for the creation, execution and editing of the assembler language dedicated to the virtual machine COMET widely used in Japan to teach computer science. The CASL mode can be entered from another mode by pressing MENU 4.. 2.6 Assembler Mode
18 3 Calculation Function This section covers fundamental arithmetic calculations and function calculations, which are performed manually. 3.1 Manual Calculation Preparations Switch the power of the unit ON CAPS . S . BASIC . DEG . RAD . GRA . _ The display illustrated above appears whenever the power is switched ON. It indicates the CAL mode in which manual calculations can be performed. Currently specified angle units, however, is retained even when the power is switched OFF. 3.2 Manual Calculation Input and Correction Perform the following fundamental calculations to become familiar with this mode. EXAMPLE: 123 + 456 = 579 123 + 456 (Formula input) 123+456_ . . (Obtains result) 123+456 579 As can be seen here, the . . key is pressed in place of = . The * key is used for multiplication and / is used for division. The following procedure can be used to correct entered data. EXAMPLE: 33 x 5 + 16 = 181 For the sake of example, the value 33 here will be mistakenly entered as 34. 34 * 5 + 16 34*5+16_ Press six times to move cursor back to position of 4. This can also be accomplished by Shift L.TOP . . . 34*5+16 3. (Replaces 4 with 3) 33*5+16 . . 33*5+16 181
19 EXAMPLE: 33 x 5 + 16 = 181 For the sake of the example, the above calculation will be performed with the value 33 mistakenly entered as 34. 34 * 5 + 16 . . 34*5+16 186 . . (Move cursor to position for correction.) 34*5+16 186 3 33*5+16 186 . . (Re-execute calculation.) 33*5+16 181 Correction of entries can use following keys: The INS key is used to insert spaces at the current cursor location for input of characters or symbols. The Shift DEL key is used to delete characters at the current cursor location. ABCDEFGH Shift DEL ABCEFGH The BS key can also be used to delete characters, but its operation is slightly different from the Shift DEL . ABCDEFGH BS ABDEFGH Practice the following examples to become familiar with the fundamental calculation procedure. EXAMPLE 1: 9 + 7.8 × 6 – 3.5 x 2 = 3.3 OPERATION: 9 + 7.8 / 6 - 3.5 * 2 . . 9+7.8/6-3.5*2 3.3 EXAMPLE 2: 56 x (-12) × (-2.5) = 268.8 OPERATION 56 * - 12 / - 2.5 . . 56*-12/-2.5 268.8 Negative values are entered by pressing the - key before entering the value.
20 EXAMPLE 3: (4.5 x 1075) x (-2.3 x 10-78) = -0.01035 OPERATION: 4.5 IE 75 * - 2.3 IE - 78 . . 4.5E75*-2.3E-78 -0.01035 Exponents are entered by pressing the IE key (or the alphabetic E key) before entering the value. EXAMPLE 4: (23 + 456) x 567 = 271593 OPERATION: 23 + 456 . . * 567 . . 23+456 479*567 271593 The last result obtained can be entered at any point in a subsequent calculation by pressing the ANS key. EXAMPLE 5: 81.3 / (5.6 + 8.9) = 5.6 ↑ This process performed first OPERATION: 5.6 + 8.9 . . 81.2 / ANS . . 5.6+8.9 14.5 81.2/ 14.5 5.6 3.3 Priority Sequence Arithmetic, relational and logical operations are performed in the following priority sequence: 1. ( , ) 2. Functions 3. Power 4. Signs (+, -) 5. *, /, ¥, MOD 6. +, - 7. Relational operators 8. NOT 9. AND 10. OR, XOR