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American Water Heater 98 Gallon 80 Thermal Efficiency UltraLow NOx Heavy Duty Commercial Gas Water Heater User Manual
American Water Heater 98 Gallon 80 Thermal Efficiency UltraLow NOx Heavy Duty Commercial Gas Water Heater User Manual
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1 Instruction Manual PRINTED 1215 325367-002 KEEP THIS MANUAL IN THE POCKET ON HEATER FOR FUTURE REFERENCE WHENEVER MAINTENANCE ADJUSTMENT OR SERVICE IS REQUIRED. ULTRA LOW NOX COMMERCIAL GAS WATER HEATERS • For Your Safety • AN ODORANT IS ADDED TO THE GAS USED BY THIS WATER HEATER. MODELS BCN375T754NV/BCN3100T754NV Series 100 INSTALLATION - OPERATION - SERVICE - MAINTENANCE - LIMITED WARRANTY PLACE THESE INSTRUCTIONS ADJACENT TO HEATER AND NOTIFY OWNER TO KEEP FOR FUTURE REFERENCE. Read and understand this instruction m anual and the safety messages herein before installing, operating or servicing this water heater . Failure to follow these instructions an d safety messages could result in deat h or serious injury. T his manual must remain with th e water heater. Low Lead Content WARNING: If the information in these instructions is not followed exactly, a fire or explosion may result causing property damage, personal injury or death. Do not store or use gasoline or other flammable vapors and liquids in the vicinity of this or any other appliance. WHAT TO DO IF YOU SMELL GAS: Do not try to light any appliance. Do not touch any electrical switch; do not use any phone in your building. Immediately call your gas supplier from a neighbor’s phone. Follow the gas supplier’s instructions. If you cannot reach your gas supplier, call the fire department. Installation and service must be performed b y a qualified installer, service agency or the gas supplier.• • • • www .americanwaterheate r.co m American Wa ter Heater Johnson City, TN 37605
2 SAFE INSTALLATION, USE AND SERVICE......................3 APPROVALS ...................................................................... 3 GENERAL SAFETY INFORMATION .................................. 4 INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 5 Abbreviations Used ..................................................... 5 Qualified Installer or Service Agency........................... 5 Preparing for the New Installation ...............................5 INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS ................................. 6 Rough In Dimensions .................................................. 6 Thermometers ............................................................. 7 Facts to Consider About The Location ........................ 7 High Altitude ................................................................ 8 Clearances .................................................................. 8 Insulation Blankets ...................................................... 9 Hard Water .................................................................. 9 Circulation Pumps ....................................................... 9 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS .................................. 10 Gas Supply Systems ................................................. 10 Gas Pressure Requirements .....................................10 Supply Gas Regulator ............................................... 10 Mixing Valves ............................................................ 10 Water Piping .............................................................. 11 Closed Water Systems .............................................. 11 Thermal Expansion ................................................... 11 Temperature - Pressure Relief Valve ......................... 11 Filling the Water Heater ............................................. 12 Air Requirements....................................................... 12 Unconfined Space ..................................................... 13 Confined Space ......................................................... 13 Fresh Air Openings for Confined Spaces .................. 13 Outdoor Air Through Two Openings .......................... 13 Outdoor Air Through One Opening ........................... 13 Outdoor Air Through Two Horizontal Ducts ............... 14 Outdoor Air Through Two Vertical Ducts ................... 14 Air From Other Indoor Spaces .................................. 14 Venting ...................................................................... 14 Gas Piping ................................................................. 16 Sediment Traps ......................................................... 17 LIGHTING & OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ................... 18 TEMPERATURE REGULATION ...................................... 19 FOR YOUR INFORMATION ............................................. 19 Start Up Conditions ................................................... 19 Operational Conditions .............................................. 20 PERIODIC MAINTENANCE ............................................. 21 Venting System Inspection ........................................21 Burner Inspection ...................................................... 21 Burner Cleaning ........................................................ 21 Housekeeping ........................................................... 21 Anode Rod Inspection ............................................... 22 Temperature-Pressure Relief Valve Test ................... 22 RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR PERIODIC REMOVAL OF LIME DEPOSITS FROM TANK TYPE COMMERCIAL WATER HEATERS ........................ 22 Deliming Solvents...................................................... 23 Tank Cleanout Procedure ..........................................23 Deliming Using Flo-Jug Method ................................23 Draining and Flushing ............................................... 24 Service ...................................................................... 24 LEAKAGE CHECKPOINTS .............................................. 25 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDELINES ...............................26 WATER PIPING DIAGRAMS ............................................ 27 NOTES ........................................................................\ ..... 33 WARRANTY ..................................................................... 35 TABLE OF CONTENTS
3 SAFE INSTALLATION, USE AND SERVICE The proper installation, use and servicing of this water heater is extremely important to your safety and the safety of others. Many safety-related messages and instructions have been provided in this manual and on your own water heater to warn you and others of a potential injury hazard. Read and obey all safety messages and instructions throughout this manual. It is very important that the meaning of each safety message is understood by you and others who install, use, or service this water heater. All safety messages will generally tell you about the type of hazard, what can happen if you do not follow the safety message, and how to avoid the risk of injury. DANGER W ARNING CAUTION CAUTION DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in injury or death. This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to potential personal injury hazards. Obey all safety messages that follow this symbol to avoid possible injury or death. WARNING indicates a potentially hazardou s situation which, if not avoided, could resul t in injury or death. CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injur y. CAUTION used without the safety aler t symbol indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in property damage. APPROVALS Low Lead Content
5 Thank You for purchasing this water heater. Properly installed and maintained, it should give you years of trouble free service. ABBREVIATIONS USED Abbreviations Found In This Instruction Manual: • UL - Underwriters Laboratories Inc. • ANSI - American National Standards Institute • NFPA - National Fire Protection Association • ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers • AHRI - Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute • CAN - Canada • EPACT - Energy Policy Act • CSA - Canadian Standards Association This gas-fired water heater is design certified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc. under American National Standard/CSA Standard for Gas Water Heaters ANSI Z21.10.3 • CSA 4.3 (current edition). QUALIFIED INSTALLER OR SERVICE AGENCY Installation and service of this water heater requires ability equivalent to that of a Qualified Agency (as defined by ANSI below) in the field involved. Installation skills such as plumbing, air supply, venting, gas supply and electrical supply are required in addition to electrical testing skills when performing service. ANSI Z223.1 2006 Sec. 3.3.83: “Qualified Agency” - “Any individual, firm, corporation or company that either in person or through a representative is engaged in and is responsible for (a) the installation, testing or replacement of gas piping or (b) the connection, installation, testing, repair or servicing of appliances and equipment; that is experienced in such work; that is familiar with all precautions required; and that has complied with all the requirements of the authority having jurisdiction.” If you are not qualified (as defined by ANSI above) and licensed or certified as required by the authority having jurisdiction to perform a given task do not attempt to perform any of the procedures described in this manual. If you do not understand the instructions given in this manual do not attempt to perform any procedures outlined in this manual. PREPARING FOR THE INSTALLATION 1. Read the General Safety Information section, page 4 of this manual first and then the entire manual carefully. If you don’t follow the safety rules, the water heater will not operate p r o p e r l y. I t c o u l d c a u s e D E AT H , S E R I O U S B O D I LY I N J U R Y AND/OR PROPERTY DAMAGE. This manual contains instructions for the installation, o p e r a t i o n , a n d m a i n t e n a n c e o f t h e g a s - f i r e d w a t e r h e a t e r. I t also contains warnings throughout the manual that you must read and be aware of. All warnings and all instructions are essential to the proper operation of the water heater and your safety. Since we cannot put everything on the first few pages, READ THE ENTIRE MANUAL BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO INSTALL OR OPER ATE THE WATER HEATER. 2. The installation must conform with these instructions and the local code authority having jurisdiction. In the absence of local codes, the installation must comply with the current editions of the National Fuel Gas Code, ANSI Z223.1/ N FPA 5 4 o r CA N /C S A - B14 9.1 t h e N atur al G as an d Pr o pane Installation Code. All documents are available from the Canadian Standards Association, 8501 East Pleasant Valley Road, Cleveland, OH 44131. NFPA documents are also available from the National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. 3. If after reading this manual you have any questions or do not understand any por tion of the instructions, call the local gas utility or the manufacturer whose name appears on the rating plate. 4. Carefully plan the place where you are going to put the water heater. Correct combustion, vent action, and vent pipe installation are very important in preventing death from possible carbon monoxide poisoning and fires, see Figures 3 and 7. E xamine t he lo c at i on to ensure t he water heater c omplie s w it h the Fact to Consider About The Location section in this manual. 5. For California installation this water heater must be braced, anchored, or strapped to avoid falling or moving during an earthquake. See instructions for correct installation procedures. Instructions may be obtained from California Office of the State Architect, 400 P Street, Sacramento, CA 95814. 6. Massachusetts Code requires this water heater to be installed in accordance with Massachusetts 248-CMR 2.00: State Plumbing Code and 248-CMR 5.00. 7. Complies with SCAQMD rule #1146.2 and districts having equivalent NOx requirements. INTRODUCTION
6 ROUGH IN DIMENSIONS INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS FIGURE 1. K HOT WATER OUTLET DRAIN VA LV E HOTCOLD TOP VIEW L GAS INLET INSTALL IN ACCORDANCE WITH LOCAL CODES DRAIN VALVE K COLD WATER INLET OUTER DOOR (BURNER ASSEMBLY BEHIND) DRAFT HOOD F H J B D A E M G TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE C WATER HEATER CONTROL TABLE 1. Units AB CDEFGH JKLMInches70 1/2 66 1/230 15/16 27 3/415 3/16 415 3/4 161 1/41 1/41/211 15/16 CM 179\f1 168\f9 78\f670\f538\f610\f240\f040\f63 \f2NP\bN P\b30\f3 Inches 62 1/165 829 1/22 5 1/41 5 7/8 415 1/4 16 21 1/212 1/2 CM 157\f6 147\f3 74\f964\f140\f310\f238\f740\f65 \f1NP\bN P\b31\f8 ModelI NPUT RATE °F30405060708090100 110120130140 GPH 246184 1471231 0592 827467615753 °C 17 2228333944505661677278 LPH 930698 5584653 99349 3102792542 33215 199 °F 30405060708090100 110120130140 GPH 243182 1461211 0491 817366615652 °C 17 2228333944505661677278 LPH 919689 5514593 94345 3062762512 30212 197 * Recover rang bas\9ed on 81% thermal \9ecienc y ** Recover rang ba\9sed on 80% thermal\9 ecienc y Natural DIMENSIONS Model BCN3100* BCN375* *75,100 B\bU/H 22 kW 75,100 B\bU/H 22 k W RECOVERY RATINGS Recovery in US Gallons/hr or Liters/hr at Indicated Temperature Rise in \ Fahrenheit or Celsius BCN375 NaturalBCN3100
7 THERMOMETERS (Not Supplied) Thermometers should be obtained and field installed. Thermometers are installed in the system as a means of detecting the temperature of the outlet water supply. This Water Heater has been design certified as complying with ANSI Z21.10.3-CSA 4.3 current edition for water heaters and is considered suitable for: Water (Potable) Heating and Space Heating: All models are considered suitable for water (potable) heating and space heating. HOTTER WATER CAN SCALD: Water heaters are intended to produce hot water. Water heated to a temperature which will satisfy space heating, clothes washing, dish washing, and other sanitizing needs can scald and permanently injure you upon contact. Some people are more likely to be permanently injured by hot water than others. These include the elderly, children, the infirm, or physically/mentally handicapped. If anyone using hot water in your home fits into one of these groups or if there is a local code requiring a certain temperature water at the hot water tap, then you must take special precautions. In addition to using the lowest possible temperature setting that satisfies your hot water needs, a means such as a *Mixing Valve should be used at the hot water taps used by these people or at the water heater. Mixing valves are available at plumbing supply or hardware stores. Consult a qualified installer or service technician. Follow mixing valve manufacturer’s instructions for installation of valves. Before changing the factory setting on the thermostat, read the “Temperature Regulation” section in this manual, see Figures 17 and 18. FACTS TO CONSIDER ABOUT THE LOCATION Carefully choose an indoor location for the new water heater, because the placement is a very important consideration for the safety of the occupants in the building and for the most economical use of the water heater. This water heater is not for use in manufactured (mobile) homes or outdoor installation. Whether replacing an old water heater or putting the water heater in a new location, the following critical points must be observed: 1. Select a location indoors as close as practical to the gas vent or chimney to which the water heater vent is going to be connected, and as centralized with the water piping system as possible. 2. Selected location must provide adequate clearances for servicing and proper operation of the water heater. Installation of water heater must be accomplished in such a manner that if the tank or any connections should leak, flow will not cause damage to the structure. For this reason, it is not advisable to install water heater in an attic or upper floor. When such locations cannot be avoided, a suitable metal drain pan should be installed under the water heater. Metal Drain pans are available at your local hardware store. Such a metal drain pan must have a minimum length and width of at least 2” (51 mm) greater than water heater dimensions and must be piped to an adequate drain. The pan must not restrict combustion air flow. Water heater life depends upon water quality, water pressure and the environment in which the water heater is installed. Water heaters are sometimes installed in locations where leakage may result in property damage, even with the use of a drain pan piped to a drain. However, unanticipated damage can be reduced or prevented by a leak detector or water shut-off device used in conjunction with a piped drain pan. These devices are available from some plumbing supply wholesalers and retailers, and detect and react to leakage in various ways: • Sensors mounted in the drain pan that trigger an alarm or turn off the incoming water to the water heater when leakage is detected. • Sensors mounted in the drain pan that turn off the water supply to the entire home when water is detected in the drain pan. • Water supply shut-off devices that activate based on the water pressure differential between the cold water and hot water pipes connected to the water heater. • Devices that will turn off the gas supply to a gas water heater while at the same time shutting off its water supply . INSTALLATIONS IN AREAS WHERE FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (VAPORS) ARE LIKELY TO BE PRESENT OR STORED (GARAGES, STORAGE AND UTILITY AREAS, ETC.): Flammable liquids (such as gasoline, solvents, propane [LP or butane, etc.] and other substances such as adhesives, etc.) emit flammable vapors which can be ignited by a gas water heater’s pilot light or main burner. The resulting flashback and fire can cause death or serious burns to anyone in the area, as well as property damage. If installation in such areas is your only option, then installation must be accomplished in a way that the pilot flame and main burner flame are elevated from floor at least 18 inches. While this may reduce chances of flammable vapors, from a floor spill being ignited, gasoline and other flammable substances should never be stored or
8 used in the same room or area containing a gas water heater or other open flame or spark producing appliance. NOTE: Flammable vapors may be drawn by air currents from other areas of the structure to the appliance. Also, the water heater must be located and/or protected so it is not subject to physical damage by a moving vehicle. This water heater must not be installed directly on carpeting. Carpeting must be protected by metal or wood panel beneath the water heater extending beyond the full width and depth of the water heater by at least 3” (76.2 mm) in any direction, or if the water heater is installed in an alcove or closet, the entire floor must be covered by the panel. Failure to heed this warning may result in a fire hazard. HIGH ALTITUDE Water heaters covered in this manual have been tested and approved for installation at elevations up to 7,700 feet (2,347 m) above sea level. For installation above 7,700 feet (2,347 m), the water heater’s Btu input should be reduced at the rate of 4 percent for each 1,000 feet (305 m) above sea level which requires replacement of the burner orifice in accordance with the National Fuel Gas Code ANSI Z223.1/ NFPA 54 or the Natural Gas and Propane Installation Code CAN/ CSA B149.1. Contact your local gas supplier for further information. Failure to replace the standard orifice with the proper high altitude orifice when installed at elevations above 7,700 feet (2,347 m) could result in improper and inefficient operation of the water heater, producing carbon monoxide gas in excess of the safe limits. This could result in serious injury or death. Contact your local gas supplier for any specific changes that may be required in your area. CLEARANCES Minimum clearances between the water heater and combustible construction are 0 inch at the sides and rear, 4” (102 mm) for BCN3100 and 5” (127 mm) for BCN375 at the front, and 6” (153 mm) from the vent pipe. Clearance from the top of the jacket is 12” (305 mm). FIGURE 2. A gas water heater cannot operate properly without the correct amount of air for combustion. Do not install in a confined area such as a closet, unless you provide air as shown in the Facts to Consider About The Location section. Never obstruct the flow of ventilation air. If you have any doubts or questions at all, call your gas supplier. Failure to provide the proper amount of combustion air can result in a fire or explosion and cause death, serious bodily injury, or property damage. FIGURE 3. If this water heater will be used in beauty shops, barber shops, cleaning establishments, or self-service laundries with dry cleaning equipment, it is imperative that the water heater or water heaters be installed so that combustion and ventilation air be taken from outside these areas. Propellants of aerosol sprays and volatile compounds, (cleaners, chlorine based chemicals, refrigerants, etc.) in addition to being highly flammable in many cases, will also change to corrosive hydrochloric acid when exposed to the combustion products of t h e wate r h e ate r. T h e r e s u l t s c a n b e h a z a r d o u s , a n d a l s o c au s e product failure.
9 INSULATION BLANKETS Do not obstruct water heater air intake with insulating blanket. Gas and carbon monoxide detectors are available. Install water heater in accordance with the instruction manual. Breathing carbon monoxide can cause brain damage or death. Always read and understand instruction manual. Breathing Hazard - Carbon Monoxide Ga s Insulation blankets are available to the general public for external use on gas water heaters but are not necessary with these products. The purpose of an insulation blanket is to reduce the standby heat loss encountered with storage tank heaters. The water heaters covered by this manual meet or exceed the Energy Policy Act standards with respect to insulation and standby heat loss requirements, making an insulation blanket unnecessary. Should you choose to apply an insulation blanket to this heater, you should follow these instructions. See the Installation Considerations section of this manual for identification of components mentioned below. Failure to follow these instructions can restrict the air flow required for proper combustion, potentially resulting in fire, asphyxiation, serious personal injury or death. • DO NOT apply insulation to the top of the water heater, as this will interfere with safe operation of the draft hood. • DO NOT cover the thermostat or the Temperature- Pressure Relief Valve. • DO NOT allow the insulation to come within 2 inches (5 cm) of the floor to prevent blockage of combustion air flow to the burner. • DO NOT cover the instruction manual. Keep it on the side of the water heater or nearby for future reference. • DO obtain new warning and instruction labels from the manufacturer for placement on the blanket directly over the existing labels. • DO inspect the insulation blanket frequently to make certain it does not sag, thereby obstructing the combustion air flow. HARD WATER W h e r e h a r d w a t e r c o n d i t i o n s e x i s t , w a t e r s o f t e n i n g o r t h e t h r e s h o l d type of water treatment is recommended. This will protect the dishwashers, coffee urns, water heaters, water piping and other equipment. See the Maintenance Section in this manual for sediment and lime scale removal procedures. CIRCULATION PUMPS A circulating pump is used when a system requires a circulating loop or there is a storage tank used in conjunction with the water heater. See Water Piping Diagrams in this manual for installation location of circulating pumps. See the Circulation Pump Wiring Diagrams below for electric al hookup information. Install in accordance with the current edition of the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70 or the Canadian Electrical Code, CSA C22.1. All bronze or stainless steel circulating pumps are recommended for used with commercial water heaters. Some circulating pumps are manufactured with sealed bearings and do not require further lubrication. Some circulating pumps must be periodically oiled. Refer to the pump manufacturer’s instructions for lubrication requirements. CIRCULA TING PUMP WIRING DIAGRAMSTORAGE TANK OR BUILDING RECIRCULA TION FIELD SUPPLIED TEMPERATURE CONTROL INST ALLED IN THE STORAGE TANK OR CIRCULA TING LOOP RETURN LINE CIRC PUMP MOT OR L1 HOT L2 NEUTRAL 120 VA C POWER NOTE: USE SEP ARATE 120 V AC POWER SUPPL Y FOR PUMP CIRCUIT. DO NOT SHARE POWER WITH WATER HEAT ER AS THIS MA Y CAUSE ELECTRICAL LINE NOISE AND LEAD TO ERRA TIC CONTROL SYSTEM OPERA TION. FIGURE 4. CIRCULA TING PUMP WIRING DIAGRAMDISHWASHER LOOP WITH TOGGLE SWITC H FIELD SUPPLIED TEMPERATURE CONTROL INSTALLED IN THE CIRCULA TING LOOP RETURN LINE DISHW ASHER T OGGLE SWITCH CIRC PUMP MOT OR L1 HOT L2 NEUTRAL 120 VA C POWER NOTE: USE SEP ARATE 120 V AC POWER SUPPL Y FOR PUMP CIRCUIT. DO NOT SHARE POWER WITH WATER HEAT ER AS THIS MA Y CAUSE ELECTRICAL LINE NOISE AND LEAD TO ERRA TIC CONTROL SYSTEM OPERA TION. FIGURE 5.
10 GAS SUPPLY SYSTEMS Low pressure building gas supply systems are defined as those systems that cannot under any circumstances exceed 14” W.C. (1/2 PSI Gauge). These systems do not require pressure regulation. Measurements should be taken to insure that gas pressures are stable and fall within the requirements stated on the water heater rating plate. readings should be taken with all gas burning equipment off (static pressure) and with all gas burning equipment running at maximum rate (dynamic pressure). The gas supply pressure must be stable within 1.5” W.C. from static to dynamic pressure to provide good performance. Pressure drops that exceed 1.5” W.C. may cause rough starting, noisy combustion or nuisance outages. Increases or spikes in static pressure during off cycles may cause failure to ignite or in severe cases damage to appliance gas valves. If your low pressure system does not meet these requirements, the installer is responsible for the corrections. High Pressure building supply systems use pressures that exceed 14” W.C. (1/2 PSI Gauge). These systems must use field supplied regulators to lower the gas pressure to less than 14” W.C. (1/2 PSI Gauge). Appliances require gas regulators that are properly sized for the water heater input and deliver the rating plate specified pressures. Gas supply systems where pressure exceeds 5 PSI often require multiple regulators to achieve desired pressures. Systems in excess of 5 PSI building pressure should be designed by gas delivery professionals for best performance. Water heaters connected to gas supply systems that exceed 14” W.C. (1/2 PSI Gauge) at any time must be equipped with a gas supply regulator. GAS PRESSURE REQUIREMENTS BCN3100 natural gas model requires a minimum gas supply pressure of 5” w.c. (1.25 kPa); BCN375 natural gas model requires a minimum gas supply pressure of 6” w.c. (1.49 kPa). The minimum supply pressure is measured while gas is flowing (dynamic pressure). The supply pressure (dynamic) should never fall below the specified minimum supply pressure. The supply pressure should be measured with all gas fired appliances connected to the common main firing at full capacity. If the supply pressure drops more than 1.5” W.C. (0.37 kPa) as gas begins to flow to the water heater then the supply gas system including the gas line and/or the gas regulator may be restricted or undersized. See Supply Gas regulator section and Gas Piping section of this manual. The gas valve on all models has a maximum gas supply pressure limit of 14” W.C. (3.48 kPa) The maximum supply pressure is measured while gas is not flowing (static pressure). SUPPLY GAS REGULATOR The maximum allowable gas supply pressure for this water heater is 14.0 inches W.C. (3.48 kPa). Install a positive lock-up gas pressure regulator in the gas supply line if inlet gas pressure can exceed 14.0 inches W.C. (3.48 kPa) at any time. regulators must be sized/used according to manufacturer’s specifications. If a positive lock-up regulator is required follow these instructions: 1. Positive lock-up gas pressure regulators must be rated at or above the input Btu/hr rating of the water heater they supply. 2. Positive lock-up gas pressure regulator(s) should be installed no closer than 3 feet (1 meter) and no farther than 8 feet (2.4 meters) of equivalent length from the water heater’s inlet gas connection. 3. After installing the positive lock-up gas pressure regulator(s) an initial nominal supply pressure setting of 7.0” W.C. while the water heater is operating is recommended and will generally provide good water heater operation. Some additional adjustment maybe required later to maintain a steady gas supply pressure. 4. When installing multiple water heaters in the same gas supply system it is recommended that individual positive lock-up gas pressure regulators be installed at each unit. MIXING VALVES Wa ter temperature over 125°F (52°C) can cause severe burns instantly resulting in severe injury or death. Children, the elderly and the physically or mentally disabled are at highest risk for scald injury . Feel water before bathing or showering. Temperature limiting devices such as mixing valves must be installed when required by codes and to ensure safe temperatures at fixtures. Water heated to a temperature which will satisfy clothes washing, dish washing, and other sanitizing needs can scald and cause permanent injury upon contact. Short repeated heating cycles caused by small hot water uses can cause temperatures at the point of use to exceed the water heater’s temperature setting by up to 20°F (11°C). Some people are more likely to be permanently injured by hot water than others. These include the elderly, children, the infirm and the physically/mentally disabled. Table 2 shows the approximate time- to-burn relationship for normal adult skin. If anyone using hot water provided by the water heater being installed fits into one of these groups or if there is a local code or state law requiring a certain water temperature at the point of use, then special precautions must be taken. In addition to using the lowest possible temperature setting that satisfies demand of the application a Mixing Valve should be installed at the water heater or at hot water taps to further reduce system water temperature. See Figure 6. Mixing valves are available at plumbing supply stores. Consult a Qualified Installer or Service Technician. Follow mixing valve manufacturer’s instructions for installation of the valves. TABLE 2. Water Temperature °F Time for 1st Degree Burn (Less Severe Burns) Time for Permanent Burns 2nd & 3rd Degree (Most Severe Burns) 11 0 (normal shower temp.) 11 6 (pain threshold) 11 6 35 minutes 45 minutes 122 1 minute 5 minutes 131 5 seconds 25 seconds 140 2 seconds 5 seconds 149 1 second 2 seconds 154 instantaneous 1 second (U.S. Government Memorandum, C.P.S.C., Peter L. Armstrong, Sept. 15,1978) HOT WATEROUTLET TO TA NK INLET CHECK VA LVE MIXING VA LVE COLD WA TER INLET TEMPERED WA TER OUTLET 12” TO 15” (30-38 cm) CHECK VA LVE FIGURE 6. INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS