Samsung ML 2540 User Manual

							Glossary_ 61
glossary
 The following glossary helps you get familiar with the product by 
understanding the terminologies commonly used with printing as well 
as mentioned in this user’s guide.
802.11
802.11 is a set of standards for wireless local area network (WLAN) 
communication, developed by the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards 
Committee (IEEE 802).
802.11b/g/n
802.11b/g/n can share same hardware and use the 2.4 GHz band. 
802.11b supports bandwidth up to 11 Mbps, 802.11n supports 
bandwidth up to 150 Mbps. 802.11b/g/n devices may occasionally suffer 
interference from microwave ovens, cordless telephones, and Bluetooth 
devices.
Access point
Access Point or Wireless Access Point (AP or WAP) is a device that 
connects wireless communication devices together on wireless local 
area networks (WLAN), and acts as a central transmitter and receiver of 
WLAN radio signals.
ADF
An Automatic Document Feeder (ADF) is a scanning unit that will 
automatically feed an original sheet of paper so that the machine can 
scan some amount of the paper at once.
AppleTalk
AppleTalk is a proprietary suite of protocols developed by Apple, Inc for 
computer networking. It was included in the original Macintosh (1984) 
and is now deprecated by Apple in favor of TCP/IP networking.
BIT Depth
A computer graphics term describing the number of bits used to 
represent the color of a single pixel in a bitmapped image. Higher color 
depth gives a broader range of distinct colors. As the number of bits 
increases, the number of possible colors becomes impractically large for 
a color map. 1-bit color is commonly called as monochrome or black and 
white.
BMP
A bitmapped graphics format used internally by the Microsoft Windows 
graphics subsystem (GDI), and used commonly as a simple graphics file 
format on that platform.
BOOTP
Bootstrap Protocol. A network protocol used by a network client to 
obtain its IP address automatically. This is usually done in the bootstrap 
process of computers or operating systems running on them. The 
BOOTP servers assign the IP address from a pool of addresses to each client. BOOTP enables diskless workstation computers to obtain an IP 
address prior to loading any advanced operating system.
CCD
Charge Coupled Device (CCD) is a hardware which enables the scan 
job. CCD Locking mechanism is also used to hold the CCD module to 
prevent any damage when you move the machine.
Collation
Collation is a process of printing a multiple-copy job in sets. When 
collation is selected, the device prints an entire set before printing 
additional copies.
Control Panel
A control panel is a flat, typically vertical, area where control or 
monitoring instruments are displayed. They are typically found in front of 
the machine. 
Coverage
It is the printing term used for a toner usage measurement on printing. 
For example, 5% coverage means that an A4 sided paper has about 5% 
image or text on it. So, if the paper or original has complicated images or 
lots of text on it, the coverage will be higher and at the same time, a 
toner usage will be as much as the coverage.
CSV
Comma Separated Values (CSV). A type of file format, CSV is used to 
exchange data between disparate applications. The file format, as it is 
used in Microsoft Excel, has become a de facto standard throughout the 
industry, even among non-Microsoft platforms.
DADF
A Duplex Automatic Document Feeder (DADF) is a scanning unit that 
will automatically feed and turn over an original sheet of paper so that 
the machine can scan on both sides of the paper.
Default
The value or setting that is in effect when taking a printer out of its box 
state, reset, or initialized.
DHCP
A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client-server 
networking protocol. A DHCP server provides configuration parameters 
specific to the DHCP client host requesting, generally, information 
required by the client host to participate on an IP network. DHCP also 
provides a mechanism for allocation of IP addresses to client hosts.
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals 
						

							Glossary_ 62
DIMM
Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM), a small circuit board that holds 
memory. DIMM stores all the data within the machine like printing data, 
received fax data.
DLNA
The Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) is a standard that allows 
devices on a home network to share information with each other across 
the network.
DNS
The Domain Name Server (DNS) is a system that stores information 
associated with domain names in a distributed database on networks, 
such as the Internet.
Dot Matrix Printer
A dot matrix printer refers to a type of computer printer with a print head 
that runs back and forth on the page and prints by impact, striking an 
ink-soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like a typewriter.
DPI
Dots Per Inch (DPI) is a measurement of resolution that is used for 
scanning and printing. Generally, higher DPI results in a higher 
resolution, more visible detail in the image, and a larger file size.
DRPD 
Distinctive Ring Pattern Detection. Distinctive Ring is a telephone 
company service which enables a user to use a single telephone line to 
answer several different telephone numbers.
Duplex
A mechanism that will automatically turn over a sheet of paper so that 
the machine can print (or scan) on both sides of the paper. A printer 
equipped with a Duplex Unit can print on both sides of paper during one 
print cycle.
Duty Cycle
Duty cycle is the page quantity which does not affect printer 
performance for a month. Generally the printer has the lifespan limitation 
such as pages per year. The lifespan means the average capacity of 
print-outs, usually within the warranty period. For example, if the duty 
cycle is 48,000 pages per month assuming 20 working days, a printer 
limits 2,400 pages a day.
ECM
Error Correction Mode (ECM) is an optional transmission mode built into 
Class 1 fax machines or fax modems. It automatically detects and 
corrects errors in the fax transmission process that are sometimes 
caused by telephone line noise.
Emulation
Emulation is a technique of one machine obtaining the same results as 
another.
An emulator duplicates the functions of one system with a different 
system, so that the second system behaves like the first system. Emulation focuses on exact reproduction of external behavior, which is 
in contrast to simulation, which concerns an abstract model of the 
system being simulated, often considering its internal state.
Ethernet
Ethernet is a frame-based computer networking technology for local 
area networks (LANs). It defines wiring and signaling for the physical 
layer, and frame formats and protocols for the media access control 
(MAC)/data link layer of the OSI model. Ethernet is mostly standardized 
as IEEE 802.3. It has become the most widespread LAN technology in 
use during the 1990s to the present.
EtherTalk
A suite of protocols developed by Apple Computer for computer 
networking. It was included in the original Macintosh (1984) and is now 
deprecated by Apple in favor of TCP/IP networking.
FDI
Foreign Device Interface (FDI) is a card installed inside the machine to 
allow a third party device such as a coin operated device or a card 
reader. Those devices allow the pay-for-print service on your machine.
FTP
A File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a commonly used protocol for 
exchanging files over any network that supports the TCP/IP protocol 
(such as the Internet or an intranet).
Fuser Unit 
The part of a laser printer that fuses the toner onto the print media. It 
consists of a heat roller and a pressure roller. After toner is transferred 
onto the paper, the fuser unit applies heat and pressure to ensure that 
the toner stays on the paper permanently, which is why paper is warm 
when it comes out of a laser printer.
Gateway
A connection between computer networks, or between a computer 
network and a telephone line. It is very popular, as it is a computer or a 
network that allows access to another computer or network.
Grayscale
A shades of gray that represent light and dark portions of an image 
when color images are converted to grayscale; colors are represented 
by various shades of gray.
Halftone
An image type that simulates grayscale by varying the number of dots. 
Highly colored areas consist of a large number of dots, while lighter 
areas consist of a smaller number of dots.
Mass storage device
Mass storage device, commonly referred to as a hard drive or hard disk, 
is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally-encoded data on 
rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces.
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals 
						

							Glossary_ 63
IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an 
international non-profit, professional organization for the advancement 
of technology related to electricity.
IEEE 1284
The 1284 parallel port standard was developed by the Institute of 
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The term 1284-B refers to 
a specific connector type on the end of the parallel cable that attaches to 
the peripheral (for example, a printer).
Intranet
A private network that uses Internet Protocols, network connectivity, and 
possibly the public telecommunication system to securely share part of 
an organizations information or operations with its employees. 
Sometimes the term refers only to the most visible service, the internal 
website.
IP address
An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a unique number that devices use in 
order to identify and communicate with each other on a network utilizing 
the Internet Protocol standard.
IPM
The Images Per Minute (IPM) is a way of measuring the speed of a 
printer. An IPM rate indicates the number of single-sided sheets a printer 
can complete within one minute.
IPP
The Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) defines a standard protocol for 
printing as well as managing print jobs, media size, resolution, and so 
forth. IPP can be used locally or over the Internet to hundreds of 
printers, and also supports access control, authentication, and 
encryption, making it a much more capable and secure printing solution 
than older ones.
IPX/SPX
IPX/SPX stands for Internet Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet 
Exchange. It is a networking protocol used by the Novell NetWare 
operating systems. IPX and SPX both provide connection services 
similar to TCP/IP, with the IPX protocol having similarities to IP, and 
SPX having similarities to TCP. IPX/SPX was primarily designed for 
local area networks (LANs), and is a very efficient protocol for this 
purpose (typically its performance exceeds that of TCP/IP on a LAN).
ISO
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an 
international standard-setting body composed of representatives from 
national standards bodies. It produces world-wide industrial and 
commercial standards.
ITU-T
The International Telecommunication Union is an international 
organization established to standardize and regulate international radio 
and telecommunications. Its main tasks include standardization, 
allocation of the radio spectrum, and organizing interconnection arrangements between different countries to allow international phone 
calls. A -T out of ITU-T indicates telecommunication.
ITU-T No. 1 chart
Standardized test chart published by ITU-T for document facsimile 
transmissions.
JBIG
Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group (JBIG) is an image compression 
standard with no loss of accuracy or quality, which was designed for 
compression of binary images, particularly for faxes, but can also be 
used on other images.
JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is a most commonly used 
standard method of lossy compression for photographic images. It is the 
format used for storing and transmitting photographs on the World Wide 
Web.
LDAP
The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is a networking 
protocol for querying and modifying directory services running over 
TCP/IP.
LED
A Light-Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that indicates 
the status of a machine.
LSU
LSU is a laser scanning unit that forms electric potential images on the 
OPC drum by focusing a laser beam off the rotating polygon mirror then 
through the lens
.
MAC address
Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique identifier associated 
with a network adapter. MAC address is a unique 48-bit identifier usually 
written as 12 hexadecimal characters grouped in pairs (e. g., 
00-00-0c-34-11-4e). This address is usually hard-coded into a Network 
Interface Card (NIC) by its manufacturer, and used as an aid for routers 
trying to locate machines on large networks.
MFP
Multi Function Peripheral (MFP) is an office machine that includes the 
following functionality in one physical body, so as to have a printer, a 
copier, a fax, a scanner and etc.
MH
Modified Huffman (MH) is a compression method for decreasing the 
amount of data that needs to be transmitted between the fax machines 
to transfer the image recommended by ITU-T T.4. MH is a 
codebook-based run-length encoding scheme optimized to efficiently 
compress white space. As most faxes consist mostly of white space, this 
minimizes the transmission time of most faxes.
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals 
						

							Glossary_ 64
MMR
Modified Modified READ (MMR) is a compression method 
recommended by ITU-T T.6.
Modem
A device that modulates a carrier signal to encode digital information, 
and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode transmitted 
information.
MR
Modified Read (MR) is a compression method recommended by ITU-T 
T.4. MR encodes the first scanned line using MH. The next line is 
compared to the first, the differences determined, and then the 
differences are encoded and transmitted.
NetWare
A network operating system developed by Novell, Inc. It initially used 
cooperative multitasking to run various services on a PC, and the 
network protocols were based on the archetypal Xerox XNS stack. 
Today NetWare supports TCP/IP as well as IPX/SPX.
OPC
Organic Photo Conductor (OPC) is a mechanism that makes a virtual 
image for print using a laser beam emitted from a laser printer, and it is 
usually green or rust colored and has a cylinder shape. 
An imaging unit containing a drum slowly wears the drum surface by its 
usage in the printer, and it should be replaced appropriately since it gets 
worn from contact with the cartridge development brush, cleaning 
mechanism, and paper.
Originals
The first example of something, such as a document, photograph or text, 
etc, which is copied, reproduced or translated to produce others, but 
which is not itself copied or derived from something else.
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) is a model developed by the 
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for communications. 
OSI offers a standard, modular approach to network design that divides 
the required set of complex functions into manageable, self-contained, 
functional layers. The layers are, from top to bottom, Application, 
Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link and Physical.
PABX 
A private automatic branch exchange (PABX) is an automatic telephone 
switching system within a private enterprise.
PCL
Printer Command Language (PCL) is a Page Description Language 
(PDL) developed by HP as a printer protocol and has become an 
industry standard. Originally developed for early inkjet printers, PCL has 
been released in varying levels for thermal, dot matrix printer, and laser 
printers.
PDF
Portable Document Format (PDF) is a proprietary file format developed 
by Adobe Systems for representing two dimensional documents in a 
device independent and resolution independent format.
PostScript
PostScript (PS) is a page description language and programming 
language used primarily in the electronic and desktop publishing areas. - 
that is run in an interpreter to generate an image.
Printer Driver
A program used to send commands and transfer data from the computer 
to the printer.
Print Media
The media like paper, envelopes, labels, and transparencies which can 
be used in a printer, a scanner, a fax or, a copier.
PPM
Pages Per Minute (PPM) is a method of measurement for determining 
how fast a printer works, meaning the number of pages a printer can 
produce in one minute.
PRN file
An interface for a device driver, this allows software to interact with the 
device driver using standard input/output system calls, which simplifies 
many tasks.
Protocol
A convention or standard that controls or enables the connection, 
communication, and data transfer between two computing endpoints.
PS
See PostScript.
PSTN
The Public-Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the network of the 
worlds public circuit-switched telephone networks which, on industrial 
premises, is usually routed through the switchboard.
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) is a protocol for 
remote user authentication and accounting. RADIUS enables 
centralized management of authentication data such as usernames and 
passwords using an AAA (authentication, authorization, and accounting) 
concept to manage network access.
Resolution
The sharpness of an image, measured in Dots Per Inch (DPI). The 
higher the dpi, the greater the resolution.
SMB
Server Message Block (SMB) is a network protocol mainly applied to 
share files, printers, serial ports, and miscellaneous communications 
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals 
						

							Glossary_ 65
between nodes on a network. It also provides an authenticated 
Inter-process communication mechanism.
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the standard for e-mail 
transmissions across the Internet. SMTP is a relatively simple, 
text-based protocol, where one or more recipients of a message are 
specified, and then the message text is transferred. It is a client-server 
protocol, where the client transmits an email message to the server.
SSID
Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a name of a wireless local area network 
(WLAN). All wireless devices in a WLAN use the same SSID in order to 
communicate with each other. The SSIDs are case-sensitive and have a 
maximum length of 32 characters.
Subnet Mask 
The subnet mask is used in conjunction with the network address to 
determine which part of the address is the network address and which 
part is the host address.
TCP/IP
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP); 
the set of communications protocols that implement the protocol stack 
on which the Internet and most commercial networks run.
TCR
Transmission Confirmation Report (TCR) provides details of each 
transmission such as job status, transmission result and number of 
pages sent. This report can be set to print after each job or only after 
failed transmissions.
TIFF
Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) is a variable-resolution bitmapped 
image format. TIFF describes image data that typically come from 
scanners. TIFF images make use of tags, keywords defining the 
characteristics of the image that is included in the file. This flexible and 
platform-independent format can be used for pictures that have been 
made by various image processing applications.
Toner Cartridge
A kind of bottle or container used in a machine like a printer which 
contains toner. Toner is a powder used in laser printers and 
photocopiers, which forms the text and images on the printed paper. 
Toner can be fused by by a combination of heat/pressure from the fuser, 
causing it to bind to the fibers in the paper.
TWAIN
An industry standard for scanners and software. By using a 
TWAIN-compliant scanner with a TWAIN-compliant program, a scan can 
be initiated from within the program. It is an image capture API for 
Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh operating systems.
UNC Path
Uniform Naming Convention (UNC) is a standard way to access network 
shares in Window NT and other Microsoft products. The format of a 
UNC path is: \\\\
URL
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the global address of documents 
and resources on the Internet. The first part of the address indicates 
what protocol to use, the second part specifies the IP address or the 
domain name where the resource is located.
USB
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a standard that was developed by the 
USB Implementers Forum, Inc., to connect computers and peripherals. 
Unlike the parallel port, USB is designed to concurrently connect a 
single computer USB port to multiple peripherals.
Watermark
A watermark is a recognizable image or pattern in paper that appears 
lighter when viewed by transmitted light. Watermarks were first 
introduced in Bologna, Italy in 1282; they have been used by 
papermakers to identify their product, and also on postage stamps, 
currency, and other government documents to discourage 
counterfeiting.
WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is a security protocol specified in IEEE 
802.11 to provide the same level of security as that of a wired LAN. WEP 
provides security by encrypting data over radio so that it is protected as 
it is transmitted from one end point to another.
WIA
Windows Imaging Architecture (WIA) is an imaging architecture that is 
originally introduced in Windows Me and Windows XP. A scan can be 
initiated from within these operating systems by using a WIA-compliant 
scanner.
WPA
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a class of systems to secure wireless 
(Wi-Fi) computer networks, which was created to improve upon the 
security features of WEP.
WPA-PSK
WPA-PSK (WPA Pre-Shared Key) is special mode of WPA for small 
business or home users. A shared key, or password, is configured in the 
wireless access point (WAP) and any wireless laptop or desktop 
devices. WPA-PSK generates a unique key for each session between a 
wireless client and the associated WAP for more advanced security.
WPS
The Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is a standard for establishing a 
wireless home network. If your wireless access point supports WPS, you 
can configure the wireless network connection easily without a 
computer.
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals 
						

							Glossary_ 66
XPS
XML Paper Specification (XPS) is a specification for a Page Description 
Language (PDL) and a new document format, which has benefits for 
portable document and electronic document, developed by Microsoft. It 
is an XML-based specification, based on a new print path and a 
vector-based device-independent document format.
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals