Motorola R2600 Maintenance Manual

							R2600 Series, including R2600, R2625 and R2670
Communications 
System Analyzers
If you maintain, repair, calibrate, or design radio
communications equipment, the R2600 family of
Communications System Analyzers has a solution for
you. Rugged enough to withstand heavy field use,
the R2600 is designed to help you save time and work
more efficiently. This platform is available in three models,
each tailored to its own set of testing requirements.
                         
						

							R2600 Series Communications System Analyzers
The R2600 Series: The test solution for conventional
twoway systems, APCO™ Project 25 (Project 25) 
conventional and trunked, SMARTNET/ SmartZone™,
ASTRO™, SECURENET™, and more.
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The R2600 family of Communications System Analyzers 
performs tests normally associated with these instruments:
• RF Signal Generator• Sensitive Measurement Receiver
• Spectrum Analyzer
• Full Band Duplex Offset Generator• Frequency Counter
• AC/DC Voltmeter• 50 kHz Oscilloscope
• RF Wattmeter• Signal Strength Meter• Frequency Error Meter• SINADMeter
• Distortion Meter
• Sweep Generator
• Audio  Generator
• Modulation Analyzer• Signaling Simulator
• RF Scan/Counter
• High Performance Spectrum Analyzer with Markers
Optional in R2600 & R2625; standard in R2670:
• Cable Fault Locator
• Tracking Generator
• Programmable Test SetUps
1)Display Zone for presentation of test data 
and waveforms
2)RF Control Zone for selecting RF test conditions3)Cursor Zone keys provide simple, onebutton
access to any zone
4)Tuning Knob for quick and easy changes of numer
ic entries: Digital precision with an analog feel
5)Offtheair antenna port for sensitive receiver 
measurements
6)Color LCD7)VGA output port8)High speed serial port for remote control 
operation and flash software update capability
9)Userfriendly, softtouch keys for feature selection10)Audio Control Zone for setting modulation 
conditions
11)Cursor position keys allow instant cursor 
movement within a zone
12)Memory recall for up to 30 channels including 
automatic scanning plus optional 15 userprogrammable test setups
13)Onebutton access to special functions
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Features/Benefits
With the functionality of more than a dozen
separate test instruments, the R2600 familyof Communications System Analyzers is
your total radio test solution. It’s light and
rugged enough to take to the field, yet powerful enough to service radios on your
bench. The R2600 family is a preferredchoice of radio servicers worldwide.
                                                  
						

							The R2600 family has a solution for your radio communication testing needs
R2600 – For Conventional 
Radio and Base Station
Service
If you service conventional two
way systems, the valuepackedR2600 is the product for you. 
Because of its unique design, the
R2600 allows you to performnumerous complex functions with
the same piece of equipment. This“onebox” design is especially usefulin remote sites or where use ofmultiple pieces of heavy equipmentis impractical – or impossible. And
now, the R2600 comes standard
with a high performance spectrumanalyzer with markers, freeze, peakhold and max hold features.
R2625 – Economical 
Project 25 Solution
The most costeffective Project 25
test solution on the market, the R2625
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is specifically configured for the
needs of those servicing Project 25along with conventional twowayanalog systems.
In addition to all of the test capabilities
of the R2600, the R2625 comesstandard with DESOFB Project 25
compatible Type III encryption. The
R2625 also contains Project 25
diagnostic test capability, and canbe optionally expanded to include
the following:
• Tracking Generator
• Cable Fault Testing
• Programmable Test SetUp Memory
• Project 25 Compatible Type III
Encryption (AES, DESXL, DVPXL, DVIXL)
• Project 25 Trunking
• Automated Test  and Alignment
R2670 – Expandable Platform
for Digital, Trunked, and
Secure Testing
In addition to having all the capabilities
found in the R2600, the R2670
FDMA digital Communications
System Analyzer is a special digital
hardware platform that allows
customized configuration to includemultiple test capabilities in oneconvenient package.
The R2670 includes as
standard features:
• Tracking Generator
• Cable Fault Testing
• High Performance Spectrum
Analyzer with Markers
• Programmable Test SetUp
Memory
R2670 OPTIONAL test capabilities:
• SMARTNET/SmartZone
Type I, I EP II, II
• 
Project 25 Standard Conventional 
(IMBE) and Encrypted
• ASTRO Conventional (VSELP)
and Encrypted
R2625/R2670*
Analyzer
ComputerMotorola
Radio
AutoTest System Configuration
*P25 conventional equipped R2670
AutoTest is an automated test and alignment software
application that runs on a standard PC. The PCautomatically controls both the radio and the systems
analyzer to alleviate most operator intervention. AutoTest
Automated Test and Alignment
performs all recommended factory alignment procedures,
in addition to critical transmitter and receiver performance
tests – in a fraction of the time it takes to perform manually.
                              
						

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FeatureDescriptionBenefits
High Performance Spectrum
AnalyzerThe builtin High Performance Spectrum Analyzer
will display a window of RF spectrum anywherewithin the 400 kHz to 1 GHz operating range ofthe unit. The EXPAND softkey enlarges the
display to fill the LCD and retains dispersion
and center frequency control.
The High Performance Spectrum Analyzer adds
Marker functions for more precise measurements
of level and frequency (both absolute anddelta). Included with the marker functions areadditional dispersion selections – up to 10 MHzper division, plus the additional freeze, peakhold, and max hold features.The ability to observe the spectrum display for
detailed analysis through the use of multipleMarkers provides a significant advantage. Thetuning knob retains control of the centerfrequency even in the EXPAND mode to perform
fast sweeps or fine tuning. This allows you to
quickly locate and identify signal carriers.
Terminated RF WattmeterRF power anywhere in the operating range of
400 kHz to 1GHz is automatically measured bythe Communications System Analyzer when
tuned to that frequency. The builtin RF loaddissipates up to 125 watts for one minute. If a high power transmitter should be keyed
into the unit for any longer, the LCD changes to
read “WARNING RF OVERLOAD,” thus warning
the technician to unkey.This feature provides calibrated RF power
measurements eliminating the need for a 
separate wattmeter. The LCD also displays frequency error and modulation level readings
simultaneously.
Standard System Features
              
						

							Standard System Features – continued
Feature Description Benefits
Relative Signal Strength MeterIn addition to reading frequency error and
modulation, a digital readout relative signal
strength meter has been included. Sensitivity
is specified to 100 dBm at the antenna portfor FM signals and extends up to 125 watts at the RF I/O port. The LCD display will automatically convert to a terminating “watts”display as the level increases.This feature, in conjunction with an external
antenna, allows remote monitoring of distant
transmitters to check for antenna, transmission
line or P.A. problems. Many users also find this
feature convenient in performing propagation
studies to identify weak coverage areas.
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Programmable Test MemoryChannel Presets– The unit has 30 memory
locations which can be used to store presetchannel information. Channels can readily beselected individually or automatically scanned
over a userdefined range.Channel Presets– This feature allows quick
access to frequently used channel locationinformation to speed testing. Scanning allowsautomatic monitoring and measurement ofactivity on channels of interest.
Programmable Test Setups (standard in R2670;
optional in R2600 and R2625)– You can easily
program and store up to 15 of the most commonly used test configurations, includingall test conditions, measurement display formats, and levels. These memory settingsoperate independently of the channel presets.Programmable Test Setups (standard in R2670;
optional in R2600 and R2625)– You can 
significantly reduce the number of key pressesrequired to set up more commonly used test configurations, greatly increasing your efficiency while promoting uniform test 
procedures. You can also assign a customname to the configuration for easy recall.
RF Scan/RF Counter FunctionRF Scan operates in the monitor mode 
and provides a function similar to a 1 GHzcounter. This feature automatically scans a
userdefined frequency range and locks on the
applied signal. Any RF carrier above 20 MHzcan be located within 5 seconds and thereception displayed with digital readouts.This feature allows convenient and immediate
verification of the programming of a multichannel radio. By automatically tuning theanalyzer’s receiver to the detected carrier,
immediate measurement data can be taken
without having to enter new frequency data via the keyboard.
DuplexFull output level control from 130 dBm to 0
dBm over the entire range of the instrument is available from the RF I/O port (130 dBm upto 50 dBm) and the generator port (80 dBm 
to 0 dBm). Variable offsets from 0 to ±999.995MHz in 2.5 kHz steps are keypadselectable.The duplex generator provides enhanced
capability to service equipment, such asrepeaters and full duplex radios. Full RF levelcontrol, as well as full internal and external
modulation capability allows receiver desensitization and transmitter tests to be performedsimultaneously through one port, if desired.
The wide offset range extends the functionality
to include cross band repeater systems, aswell as enhanced receiver and transmittertroubleshooting capabilities.
Tracking Generator (standard 
in R2670; optional in R2600 and R2625)The combining of the capabilities of the sweep
generator and the spectrum analyzer into a
Tracking Generator function allows the user toview the performance characteristics of manyRF filter devices. Display range is operatorselectable from a 200 kHz window up to a 50MHz window anywhere in the 400 kHz to 1GHzspectrum.Diagnosis and adjustment of critical 
receiver front ends, IFs, helical filters, cavities, combiners and duplexers can be made in a few minutes, quickly and easily with the flexibility of a tracking generator at yourfingertips.
                                     
						

							Standard System Features – continued
Feature Description Benefits
OfftheAir Sensitive ReceiverThe 2 microvolt sensitivity of the unit is 
available through the antenna port. This allowsofftheair monitoring of remote transmitters
operating up to 1 GHz. Variable squelch aids in picking up weak signals but can be settighter to ensure the proper S/N ratio for 
measurement accuracy.This feature reduces service costs by enabling
frequent preventive maintenance parameterchecks for system degradation or interferenceidentification without leaving the shop.
Electronic Software UpdatesHighSpeed serial port and flashable memory
permit programming firmware updates from anexternal PC.Quick and easy access to future software
updates.
RS232/Serial Interface (standard)
IEEE4882 Interface (optional)A full bidirectional RS232 port is standard 
and includes the capability to respond to serial
input command vocabulary and return measurement results as a serial output stream.
Included are userselectable baud rates (up to 115.2 Kbps) and start, stop and parity bitselection. In addition, this dual function portcan drive a serial printer to print out data andgraphic displays. The optional IEEE remoteinterface option contains the necessary hardware and software for IEEE488.2.If you have large volume repetitive testing
requirements, this feature allows you to writeyour own programs to reduce test time costs.Printed results can be used as part of the 
service shop’s internal quality control system
and can be used to demonstrate performance
to the radio equipment user.
Cable Fault (standard in R2670; 
optional in R2600 and R2625)Cable fault and length are RF measurement
features which help the technician isolatecable defects. Supported by onscreen
prompts and userselectable Help messages,you can quickly set up and accurately determine the distance to a fault on a coaxialcable. The distance to fault (or cable length) is computed and displayed in feet or metric units.Cable fault locating techniques are mandatory
for site servicing, where visual inspection is not practical, safe, or effective in detecting
hidden or coldflow damage. The semiautomatic operation of the cable faultfinder precludes the use of mathematical formulasand manual calculations, maximizing your 
onsite productivity.
General Purpose 
& Modulation OscilloscopeThe oscilloscope has a 50 kHz bandwidth for
audio waveform analysis. The display can betriggered over the full screen range to a fixed
reference level. Triggering in both automatic
and normal modes is provided for synchronizing the horizontal timebase to the vertical input signal. Internal or external inputs allowobservation of both generated and monitored modulation signals. Softkeys provide for an
enlarged full screen display.
The optional High Performance Spectrum 
Analyzer (standard on R2670) adds Markerfunctions for more precise measurements of
Voltage, Frequency, and Period.Recovered audio or internally produced 
audio can be displayed visually for deviation
measurements. Additionally, detection of anasymmetric modulation or audio distortion canbe achieved with waveform analysis. Withinternal and external triggering and a freezedisplay single sweep, this unit duplicates manyfeatures of more expensive scopes. The markers allow detailed analysis to measure
waveforms displayed on the LCD. The EXPANDfunction provides an enlarged, easy to interpret view of the signal for quick analysis.
AM, FM Signal GeneratorWhen the GENERATE mode is selected, the 
RF modulation method, carrier frequency,bandwidth, composite audio modulation, and RF signal level output are displayed on the LCD.In addition to reducing receiver test time, this
flexible, selfcalibrating signal generator iscomplemented by the simultaneous display ofall necessary control information.
Signaling Simulator:  
Encoder and DecoderThe System Analyzer includes the capability of
encoding and decoding PRIVATE LINE (PL),
DIGITAL PRIVATE LINE (DPL), and single tonesequences as well as multitone sequencesincluding DTMF signals, 5/6 tone paging,Select V and up to 20 sequential tones.Decoding displays include tone frequenciesand time durations of the individual tones. Theunit can also encode tone remote signaling.The signaling capability of the unit reaches 
a broader range of service applications with 
its decode capability. This gives you a moreflexible test instrument which aids in servicingpaging equipment and specialized signalingencoders, as well as mobile, portable andother radio products. The signaling simulator
can perform a full system checkout faster,with more accuracy than ever before.
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							SMARTNET/SmartZone Option
Feature Description Benefits
Dynamic Call Testing 
of Subscriber RadiosThis feature tests Motorola compatible Type I,
Type II, SmartZone and ASTRO IMBE/VSELPtrunked mobile and portable radio units underactual signaling conditions. This is achieved by simulating the function of the trunked fixedend equipment. The radio access control channel is provided to perform initial 
registration. A thermometerstyle graphic indicator shows call progression as it directs the
radio to a traffic channel for parametric measurements and voice testing. Radioinitiated orsysteminitiated tests can be performed ineither the phone interconnect or dispatch call modes.
Dynamic Call Testing allows you to test 
auto affiliation for SMARTZONE systems.
An additional RF synthesizer provides 
simultaneous control and traffic channels,operator selectable over the entire band ofallowable channels.
This option also allows you to exit from the
main testing screen while a call is in processto access the other diagnostic screens.You can verify both radio system compatibility
and basic functionality without using valuableairtime for testing. This feature also allows youto test in areas that are beyond the range of an
actual system. By obtaining precise measurements of radio performance data, you can besure that your system is operating with theproper margin.
This feature ensures compatibility with
SMARTZONE system operation.
The simultaneous control channel allows you
to redirect a radio to the traffic channel upon
temporary loss of signal. Testing all channelswithin a band also helps you ensure adequateperformance margin.
This feature affords you greater diagnostic
capability to ensure proper radio operation.
Closed Cover MeasurementsTransmitter power, frequency and deviation
are measured within the dynamic calling modeand displayed on the signaling screen all witha single RF connection to the radio. Additionalmeasurements can be made on other screenswhile the simulated “live” call is maintained.Radio ID information is decoded in either hexor decimal format.You can verify radio specification performance
and programming quickly and easily withoutopening or removing the radio to activate aspecial test mode.
Dedicated Trunking ScreensConveniently accessed, dedicated test screens
can be set up as a startup default condition ora programmable test setup. DedicatedTrunking test screens are windowed with RF
and Modulation control screens to simultane
ously display test results along with their testconditions. A single system configuration
screen for Type I systems provides nonvolatilestorage of up to ten fleet maps.This feature makes testing easier and 
more efficient. It also provides quantitative RF measurements to ensure proper systemperformance.
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(Available on R2670 only)
                   
						

							Project 25 Conventional Test Option
Feature Description Benefits
Voice Mode System TestingThis feature provides Project 25 compatible
FDMA Digital C4FM modulation and demodulation with vocoding and embedded data testing.Generate and monitor modes support actualfunctional voice testing. Within the voicemode, embedded data can be encoded anddecoded for either subscriber or fixed siteradio equipment.This feature allows you to verify operation and
system compatibility under actual operatingconditions for increased confidence of propersystem performance.
Bit Error Rate (BER) TestingBER testing can be performed on radios that
support BER test capability. The R2670/R2625 
in Project 25mode can generate RF transmis
sions modulated with either a 1011Hz tone test
pattern or a calibration test pattern (generates5% BER) for UUT BER measurement. The unitswill compute a BER when a 1011 Hz tone testpattern is received.This testing provides an accurate, quantitative
measurement of modulation quality and overallsystem performance. 
Dedicated Test ScreensConveniently accessed, dedicated test screens
allow the user to specify Link Control and Low
Speed Data information contained within VoiceFrames and to specify status symbol value.Input parameters can be defined as default
values, or uniquely specified by the user.This feature makes testing easier, more 
efficient and robust by allowing operator specified values to be tested.
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(Standard in R2625; optional in R2670; not available in R2600)                    
						

							Bit Error Rate (BER) TestingBER testing can be performed on base stations
and repeaters which support BER test capabil
ity. The R2670 and R2625 in Project 25 trunkingmode can monitor RF transmissions modulated
with a V.52 BER test pattern.This testing provides an accurate, quantitative
measurement of modulation quality and systemperformance.
Full Duplex Test of Base
Station RepeatersProject 25 compatible FDMA digital C4FM 
modulation of 1011 Hz test pattern with simultaneous C4FM/LSM demodulation of voice.Performs average power level measurementsunder actual operating conditions, with aselectable averaging interval.This feature allows the operator to monitor
transmitter power levels under traffic conditions for both C4FM and LSM modulated signals while verifying receipt  and transmit ofthe C4FM modulated 1011 Hz test pattern.
Dynamic Call Testing 
of Subscriber RadiosProject 25 compatible FDMA Digital C4FM
modulation and demodulation on trunked channels allows testing of radio registrationprocess and ability to receive call alert indication. These features also permit testingof trunked radio capabilities such as a transition to a traffic channel from a controlchannel, quality of radiotransmitted signal, 
as well as voice quality.The operator can verify both radio system
compatibility and functionality without havingto rely on an actual system for confirmation. In addition, precise radio performance and programming data ensure operation within
appropriate system performance specifications.
Closed Cover MeasurementsMeasurements can be made while a simulated
‘live’ call is maintained with the radio undertest.
Project 25 Trunking Test Option
Feature Description Benefits
(Optional in R2625 and R2670; not available in R2600)
This affords the user greater diagnostic 
capability to ensure proper radio operationwith just a single RF connection to the radio.
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Feature Description Benefits
Project 25, ASTRO and SECURENET Common Features
Encryption Test OptionVoice and embedded data encode and decode
testing can also be done in the encryptedmode using either test keys, which are permanently stored in the R2670, or actual 
customerselected keys which can be loaded
into the unit using a compatible key loader. This feature allows verification of the proper
operation and system compatibility using actual encryption algorithms.
Baseband Audio Scope DisplayThis display provides a clear graphic image of
the audio baseband, signalselectable at eitherthe vocoder input in generate mode or thevocoder output in monitor mode.This feature provides greater assurance of
proper system operation through its graphicdisplay of voice or tone modulation.
ASTRO Test Option
Feature Description Benefits
Dedicated Test ScreensConveniently accessed, dedicated test screens
can be set up as a startup default condition or as a programmable test setup. DedicatedASTRO test screens are windowed with RF andModulation control screens to simultaneouslydisplay test results along with their test conditions. While in ASTRO mode, standarddiagnostic test screens can be easilyaccessed.This feature makes testing easier and 
more efficient. It also provides quantitative RF measurements to ensure proper system performance margin.
Voice Mode System TestingThis feature provides ASTRO compatible FDMA
Digital C4FM modulation and demodulationwith vocoding and embedded data testing.
Generate and monitor modes support actual
functional voice testing. Within the voicemode, embedded data can be encoded anddecoded for either subscriber or fixed siteradio equipment.This feature allows you to verify operation and
system compatibility under actual operatingconditions for increased confidence of proper
system performance.
Bit Error Rate (BER) TestingBER testing can be performed on radios 
that support BER test capability. The R2670 inASTRO mode can generate or monitor 
RF transmissions modulated with a V.52 BERtest pattern.This testing provides an accurate quantitative
measurement of modulation quality and overallsystem performance. The Duplex mode supports loopback testing.
(Optional in R2670; not available in R2600 and R2625)