Land Rover Defender 99my Owners Handbook Rover
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Off-road driving 178 IMPORTANT INFORMATION After driving off-road Before rejoining the public highway, or driving at speeds above 40 km/h (25 mph), consideration should be given to the following: ·Wheels and tyres must be cleaned of mud and inspected for damage - ensure there are no lumps or bulges in the tyres or exposure of the ply or cord structure. ·Brake discs and calipers should be examined and any stones or grit that may affect braking efficiency removed. Servicing requirements Vehicles operating in arduous conditions, particularly on dusty, muddy, or wet terrain, and vehicles undergoing frequent or deep wading conditions will require more frequent servicing. See Owner maintenance and contact a Land Rover dealer for advice. In addition: After wading in salt water or driving on sandy beaches, use a hose to thoroughly wash the underbody components and any exposed body panels with fresh water. This will help to protect the vehicles cosmetic appearance.
Off-road driving 179 DRIVING ON SOFT SURFACES & DRY SAND The ideal technique for driving on soft ground and dry sand, requires the vehicle to be kept moving at all times - soft ground and sand causes excessive drag on the wheels, resulting in a rapid loss of motion once driving momentum is lost. For this reason, gear changing should be avoided. ·Engage the DIFF LOCK. ·Select the highest suitable gear and REMAIN in that gear until a firm surface is reached. It is generally advisable to use LOW range gears, as these will enable you to accelerate through worsening conditions without the risk of being unable to restart. ·Disengage the DIFF LOCK as soon as firm ground is reached.Stopping the vehicle on soft ground, in sand or on an incline If you do stop your vehicle, remember: Starting on an incline or in soft ground or sand is almost impossible. Always park on a firm level area, or with the vehicle facing downhill. On vehicles not fitted with Traction control, to avoid wheel spin, select second or third gear, and use the MINIMUM throttle necessary to get the vehicle moving. If forward motion is lost, avoid excessive use of the throttle - on vehicles not fitted with Traction control, this will cause wheel spin and tend to dig the vehicle into the sand. Clear sand from around the tyres and ensure that the chassis and axles are not bearing on the sand before again attempting to move. If the wheels have sunk, use an air bag lifting device or high lift jack to raise the vehicle, and then build up sand under the wheels so that the vehicle is again on level ground. If a restart is still not possible, place sand mats or ladders beneath the wheels.
Off-road driving 180 DRIVING ON SLIPPERY SURFACES (ice, snow, mud, wet grass) ·With the DIFF LOCK engaged, select the highest gear possible. ·Drive away using the MINIMUM possible throttle opening. ·Drive slowly at all times, keeping braking to a minimum and avoiding violent movements of the steering wheel. ·Disengage the DIFF LOCK as soon as a non slippery surface is reached.DRIVING ON ROUGH TRACKS Although rough tracks can sometimes be negotiated in normal drive, it is advisable to lock the differential if excessive suspension movement is likely to induce wheel spin. On very rough tracks, engage LOW range to enable a steady, low speed to be maintained without constant use of the brake and clutch pedals. Always disengage the DIFF LOCK when smooth, firm ground is reached.
Off-road driving 181 CLIMBING STEEP SLOPES Engage the DIFF LOCK and ALWAYS follow the fall line of the slope - travelling diagonally could encourage the vehicle to slide broadside down the slope. Steep climbs will usually require the LOW gear range. If the surface is loose or slippery, use sufficient speed in the highest practical gear to take advantage of the vehicles momentum. However, too high a speed over a bumpy surface may result in a wheel lifting, causing vehicles not fitted with Traction control to lose traction. In this case try a slower approach. Traction can also be improved by easing off the accelerator just before loss of forward motion. If the vehicle is unable to complete a climb, do not attempt to turn it around while on the slope. Instead, adopt the following procedure to reverse downhill to the foot of the slope: 1.Hold the vehicle stationary using both foot and hand brakes. 2.Restart the engine if necessary. 3.Engage reverse gear LOW range. 4.Release the handbrake. Then release the foot brake and clutch simultaneously, and allow the vehicle to reverse down the slope using engine braking to control the rate of descent.5.Unless it is necessary to stop the vehicle in order to negotiate obstructions, DO NOT apply the brake or clutch pedal during the descent. 6.If the vehicle begins to slide, accelerate slightly to allow the tyres to regain grip. When the vehicle is back on level ground or where traction can be regained, a faster approach will probably enable the hill to be climbed. However, DO NOT take unnecessary risks, if the hill is too difficult to climb, find an alternative route. WARNING The engine must be restarted before reversing down the slope, as there will be no servo assistance to the brakes unless the engine is running.
Off-road driving 182 DESCENDING STEEP SLOPES A.Stop the vehicle at least a vehicle length before the slope and engage first gear LOW range with the differential locked. B.Unless it is necessary to stop the vehicle in order to negotiate obstructions,DO NOT touch the brake or clutch pedals during the descent - the engine will limit the speed, keeping the vehicle under control provided the front wheels are turning. If the vehicle begins to slide, accelerate gently to maintain directional stability - DO NOT use the brakes or attempt to change gear.C.Once level ground is reached, unlock the differential and select a suitable gear for the next stage of your journey. WARNING Failure to follow these instructions may cause the vehicle to roll over.
Off-road driving 183 TRAVERSING A SLOPE Before crossing a slope, ALWAYS observe the following precautions: ·Check that the ground is firm and not slippery. ·Check that the wheels on the downhill side of the vehicle are not likely to drop into any depressions in the ground and that the uphill wheels will not run over rocks, tree roots, or similar obstacles that could suddenly increase the angle of tilt. ·Ensure that passenger weight is evenly distributed, that all roof rack luggage is removed and that all other luggage is properly secured and stowed as low as possible. Always remember; any sudden movement of the load could cause the vehicle to overturn. ·Rear seat passengers should sit on the uphill side of the vehicle or, in extreme conditions, should vacate the vehicle until the sloping ground has been safely negotiated. NEGOTIATING A V SHAPED GULLY Observe extreme caution! Steering up either of the gully walls could cause the side of the vehicle to be trapped against the opposite gully wall.DRIVING IN EXISTING WHEEL TRACKS As far as possible allow the vehicle to steer itself along the bottom of the ruts. However, always keep a light hold of the steering wheel to prevent it from spinning free. Particularly in wet conditions, if the steering wheel is allowed to spin free, the vehicle may appear to be driving straight ahead in the ruts, but in actual fact (due to the lack of traction caused by the wet ground) is unknowingly on full right or left lock. Then, when level ground is reached, or if a dry patch is encountered, the wheels will find traction and cause the vehicle to suddenly veer to left or right. CROSSING A RIDGE Approach at right angles so that both front wheels and then both rear wheels cross the ridge together - an angled approach could cause traction to be lost (if Traction control is not fitted) through diagonally opposite wheels lifting from the ground at the same time. CROSSING A DITCH With the DIFF LOCK engaged, cross ditches at an angle so that three wheels always maintain contact with the ground (if approached head on, both front wheels will drop into the ditch together, possibly resulting in the chassis and front bumper being trapped on opposite sides of the ditch).
Off-road driving 184 WADING WARNING The maximum advisable wading depth is 0,5 metre (20 in.). Severe electrical damage may occur if the vehicle remains stationary for any length of time when the water level is above the door sills. If the water is likely to exceed 0,5 metre (20 in.) while the vehicle is moving, the following precautions MUST be observed: ·Fix a plastic sheet in front of the radiator grille to prevent water from soaking the engine and mud from blocking the radiator. ·Fit a drain plug to the flywheel housing and diesel engine timing cover - Tdi engines only (see Owner maintenance). ·Ensure that the silt bed beneath the water is firm enough to support the vehicles weight and provide sufficient traction. ·Ensure that the engine air intake is clear of the water. ·To prevent saturation of the electrical system and air intake, avoid excessive engine speed. ·With the DIFF LOCK engaged, select a low gear and maintain sufficient throttle to prevent the engine from stalling. This is particularly important if the exhaust pipe is under water. ·Drive slowly into the water and accelerate to a speed which causes a bow wave to form; then maintain that speed. At all times, keep all the doors fully closed.After wading ·Drive the vehicle a short distance and apply the foot brake to check that the brakes are fully effective. ·DO NOT rely on the handbrake to hold the vehicle stationary until the transmission has thoroughly dried out; in the meantime, leave the vehicle parked in gear. ·Remove the timing cover drain plug (where fitted) and also any covering material from the front of the radiator grille. ·If the water was particularly muddy, remove any blockages (mud and leaves) from the radiator to reduce the risk of overheating. ·If deep water is regularly negotiated, check transmission oils for signs of water contamination - contaminated oil can be identified through its milky appearance. In addition, check the air filter element for water ingress, and replace if wet. ·Vehicles required to undergo frequent or deep wading conditions will require more frequent servicing. See Owner maintenance and contact a Land Rover dealer for advice. ·If salt water is frequently negotiated, thoroughly wash the underbody components and exposed body panels, with fresh water.
Index 185 A ABS 66........................................................... Access code 16.............................................. Accessories 171............................................. After sales service 172.................................... Air cleaner element renewal 137..................... Air conditioning 42......................................... Air filter 137.................................................... Air recirculation 44......................................... Air vents 39.................................................... Alarm 13......................................................... Anti-freeze 92 & 158....................................... Anti-lock brakes 66......................................... Anti-theft alarm 13.......................................... Anti-theft alarm indicator light 14................... Anti-theft precautions 4.................................. Ashtray 44...................................................... Axle oil renewal 152........................................ Axle weights 164............................................ B Battery 101..................................................... Battery charging 103...................................... Battery disconnection 20................................ Blower control 40........................................... Bonnet opening 84......................................... Booster cables 72........................................... Brake fluid check 96....................................... Brake fluid specification 158........................... Brake pad/disc check 153............................... Brake pads 64................................................. Brakes 64....................................................... Braking system 64.......................................... Breakdown safety 5........................................ Bulb replacement 116..................................... C Capacities 159................................................ Care products 122.......................................... Child restraints 26.......................................... Child-proof locks 12....................................... Chocking a wheel 105..................................... Cigar lighter 44............................................... Cleaning 121...................................................Clock 28......................................................... Clutch 59........................................................ Clutch fluid specification 158.......................... Clutch fluid top-up 95..................................... Cold start control 50....................................... Controls 9....................................................... Cooling system top-up 91.............................. Crossing a ditch 183....................................... Crossing a ridge 183...................................... D Defrosting 41 & 43.......................................... Demisting 41 & 43.......................................... Descending steep slopes 182......................... Diesel fuel filter 94.......................................... Diesel fuel sedimenter 94............................... Differential lock 62.......................................... Dimensions 162............................................. Distributor 141............................................... Drive belts 142............................................... Driving 52....................................................... Driving on rough tracks 180........................... Driving on slippery surfaces 180.................... Driving on soft surfaces & dry sand 179........ Dynamometers (rolling roads) 82................. E Electrical equipment 171................................ Electrical system 161...................................... Emergency starting 72.................................... Emergency towing 73..................................... Emission control system 52........................... Engine 160..................................................... Engine compartment 86................................. Engine data 160.............................................. Engine immobilisation 15............................... Engine oil 89................................................... Engine oil (renewal) 132................................. Engine oil (used) 83........................................ Engine oil filter renewal 133............................ Engine oil top-up 89....................................... Engine undertray 129.....................................
Index 186 F Fan control 40................................................ Fluid specifications 157.................................. Fog lights 36................................................... Fuel 55............................................................ Fuel consumption 167.................................... Fuel economy 53............................................ Fuel filling 56.................................................. Fuel filter 94.................................................... Fuel filter renewal 134.................................... Fuel gauge 28................................................. Fuel safety 56................................................. Fuel sedimenter 94......................................... Fuel sedimenter cleaning 136......................... Fuel tank capacity 159.................................... Fuses 113....................................................... G Gearbox 59..................................................... Gearbox oil change 150.................................. Ground clearance 177..................................... H Handbrake 65................................................. Handbrake check 154..................................... Handset 13 & 18............................................. Handset battery 18......................................... Handset resynchronisation 18........................ Hand throttle 78.............................................. Hazard warning lights 36................................ Headlight adjuster 33...................................... Headlight levelling 33..................................... Headlights 32................................................. Heated rear window 36................................... Heater 39........................................................ Height (of vehicle) 54..................................... High range gears 60....................................... High tension leads 140................................... Horn 32.......................................................... HT leads 140.................................................. I Ignition 47...................................................... Indicators 32.................................................. Instruments 28............................................... Interior lights 44............................................. Interior protection 15...................................... Interior trim 122............................................. J Jack (bottle type) 107................................... Jack (pillar type) 108.................................... Jack (wheel changing) 107............................. Jacking 105.................................................... Jacking points 108......................................... Jump starting 72............................................ K Key access code 16........................................ Keys 11........................................................... L Light switches 32........................................... Lights 32........................................................ Load carrying 69............................................ Locking wheel nuts 111.................................. Locks 11......................................................... Low range gears 60........................................ Lubricant specifications 157........................... M Main gearbox oil renewal 150......................... Maintenance 3 & 81........................................ O Off-road driving 175....................................... Off-road performance 163.............................. Oil 83.............................................................. Oil change 132................................................ Oil filter renewal 133....................................... Owner maintenance 81................................... P Park brake check 154..................................... Parts & accessories 171................................. Poisonous liquids 83...................................... Power steering 54.......................................... Power steering top-up 97............................... Power take-off drives 77................................. Propeller shaft lubrication 154........................
Index 187 R Radiator blind 55............................................ Rear fog guard lights 36................................. Rear seats 22.................................................. Rear window heater 36................................... Rear window wash/wipe 35............................ Replacement bulbs 161.................................. Rolling roads (dynamometers) 82.................. Roof rack 71................................................... Running-in 52................................................. S Safety in the garage 83 & 127......................... Safety on the forecourt 56.............................. Seat belt safety 24.......................................... Seat belts 24................................................... Seats 21......................................................... Security 4....................................................... Security information card 16.......................... Sedimenter 94................................................ Sedimenter cleaning - diesel 136.................... Service portfolio book 3 & 81.......................... Service voucher 3........................................... Sidelights 32................................................... Snow chains 99.............................................. Spare wheel 105............................................. Spare wheel (removing) 106.......................... Spark plug renewal 140.................................. Speedometer 28............................................. Starter switch 47............................................ Starting 48...................................................... Starting with a discharged battery 72............. Steam cleaning 121........................................ Steep slopes 181............................................ Steering 161................................................... Steering lock 47.............................................. Sunroof 38..................................................... Switches 36.................................................... Switching off 51............................................. T Taildoor 12..................................................... Temperature gauge 28.................................... Total distance recorder 28..............................Towing 69...................................................... Towing for recovery 73................................... Towing weights 70 & 164............................... Traction control 68......................................... Trailer socket 71............................................. Transfer gearbox 60....................................... Transfer gearbox oil renewal 151.................... Transmission 59............................................. Transmission wind-up 63............................. Transporter or trailer lashing 75..................... Travelling abroad 172..................................... Traversing a slope 183................................... Trip recorder 28.............................................. Trip recorder reset button 28.......................... Tyre sizes and pressures 168......................... Tyre wear 98................................................... Tyres 98......................................................... V Vehicle care 121............................................. Vehicle height 54............................................ Vehicle identification number 4....................... Vehicle recovery 74........................................ Vehicle weights 164........................................ Ventilation 39................................................. VIN 4.............................................................. W Wading 184.................................................... Wading plugs 112.......................................... Warning labels 3............................................. Warning lights 29........................................... Warnings 3 & 29............................................. Warranty information 3................................... Washer 34...................................................... Washer jet adjustment 100............................. Washing your vehicle 121.............................. Weights 164................................................... Wheel changing 105....................................... Wheel chocks 105.......................................... Wheels 99....................................................... Wheels & tyres 168........................................ Winching 76................................................... Windows 37...................................................