JVC Th A85 Instructions

							Advanced operations
48
You can play tracks on a disc in random 
order.
7While stopped
1Press ON SCREEN twice.
The on-screen bar appears on the TV screen.
2Press Cursor  3/2  to move H to  .
Example:  For Audio CD
3Press ENTER.
The system starts  Random Playback.
After playing all tracks on the  disc, the system stops playback 
and quits the Random mode.
To stop and quit Random Playback
Press  7.
You can also clear the Random m ode by turning off the system.
NOTE
• The same track will not be played back more than once during 
Random Playback.
 To return to normal playback without stopping playback, carry out  steps 1 to 3 above.
You can repeat playback of the cu rrently selected title or chapter 
(for DVD), track (for Video CD/SVCD/Audio CD), current group 
(for MP3/JPEG) or track (for MP3).
You can also repeat pla yback of a desired part.
Repeating the current selection
7For DVD/Audio CD/MP3/JPEG:
During playback
For Video CD/SVCD:
During playback without PBC function
When using the REPEAT button:
1Press REPEAT.
Each time you press  REPEAT, the Repeat mode changes 
cyclically.
 Repeat mode indicators appear  on the display window and a 
repeat mode indi cation appears on the TV screen.
Followings are the description of  indicators on the display window 
and indications on the TV screen.
* During playback of a JPEG  disc, “REPEAT GROUP” and 
“REPEAT ALL” do not appear on the TV screen.
To stop Repeat Playback
Press  7.
 When a disc except DVD is sele cted, the system stops playback 
but does not quit the Repeat mode.
 When a DVD is set, the system  stops playback and quits the 
Repeat mode.
To quit the Repeat mode
Press  REPEAT  until the Repeat mode  indicator goes off from the 
display window.
 You can also clear the Repeat  mode by changing the disc.
NOTE
 If you press REPEAT while stopped, you need to press  3 (play 
button) to start Repeat Playback.
 When the Program mode is active  with a Video CD, SVCD, Audio 
CD, the Repeat mode changes in the same manner.
Note that, however, in the “ ” mode the system repeats all the 
programmed tracks, instead of all tracks on the disc.
 During playback in the Repeat mode  of the title/chapter/group/track, 
if you skip the title/cha pter/group/track using ¢/4 , etc., the 
destination title/chapter/group/track is repeated.
 If  B appears when pressing  REPEAT during DVD playback, you 
cannot repeat the title or chap ter because of disc contents.
Random Playback
Repeat Playback
Cursor
( 3 /2 // /5 )
/ENTER
Cursor
( 3 /2 // /5 )
/ENTER
Indicators Indications Meanings
REPEAT 
GROUP* Repeats the current group for MP3/
JPEG disc.
Repeats the current title for DVD.
Repeats all tracks/files for 
Video CD/SVCD/Audio CD/MP3/
JPEG.
REPEAT ALL*
 1 Repeats the current track for 
Video CD/SVCD/Audio CD/MP3 
disc.
REPEAT TRACK
Repeats the current chapter for 
DVD.
No 
indication Repeat mode is off.
The system plays back the disc 
normally.
Repeat mode indicator
Continued on next page
TH-A85-55[B]-08Advanced.fm  Page 
48  Friday, April 11, 2003  3:23 PM
 
						

							Advanced operations
49
When using the on-screen bar (except for MP3/
JPEG disc):
1Press ON SCREEN twice.
The on-screen bar appears on the TV screen.
2Press Cursor 3/2  to move H to  .
3Press ENTER.
The following pop-up window appe ars under the selected item.
4Press Cursor //5  repeatedly to select 
the Repeat mode.
• You can select the Repe at modes as follows:
For DVD
O  CHAPTER  O TITLE  O A-B  O OFF  O (back to the 
beginning)
For Video CD/SVCD/Audio CD
O  TRACK  O ALL  O A-B  O OFF  O (back to the 
beginning)
5Press ENTER.
To turn off th e on-screen bar
Press  ON SCREEN .
To cancel Repeat Playback
Repeat from step 1, select “OFF” in step 4, then press  ENTER.
Repeating a desired part
You can repeat playback of a desired 
part by specifying the beginning 
(point A) and ending (point B).
7During playback
When using the A-B REPEAT button:
1Press A-B REPEAT at  the beginning of 
the part you want to  repeat (point A).
The repeat mode indicator  “ ” appears on the display 
window.
2Press A-B REPEAT again  at the end of 
the part you want to  repeat (point B).
The repeat mode indicator on  the display window changes to 
“ ” and A-B Repeat Playback starts. The selected 
part of the disc (between point  A and B) is played repeatedly.
To cancel A-B Repeat Playback
Press  A-B REPEAT  during A-B Repeat Playback. When using the on-screen bar:
1Press ON SCREEN twice.
The on-screen bar appears on the TV screen.
2Press Cursor 
3/2  to move H to  .
3Press ENTER.
The following pop-up window appe ars under the selected item.
4Press Cursor  //5  repeatedly to select 
“A-B”.
5Press ENTER at the  beginning of the 
part you want to repeat (point A).
The following display appears in the on-screen bar.
6Press ENTER at the  end of the part you 
want to repeat (point B).
A-B Repeat Playback starts. The selected part of the disc 
(between point A and B) is played repeatedly.
To turn off th e on-screen bar
Press  ON SCREEN .
To cancel A-B Repeat Playback
Repeat from step 1, select “OFF” in step 4, then press  ENTER.
NOTE
 When playing back a DVD, A-B Re peat Playback is possible only 
within the same title.
 “A-B” cannot be selected duri ng Program and Random Playback.
 “A-B” cannot be selected while stopped.
TH-A85-55[B]-08Advanced.fm  Page 49   Thursday, April 10, 2003  4:14 PM
 
						

							50
Setting DVD preferences
You can adjust the initial settings for DVD playback according to 
your preference or needs using 5 choice menus shown on the TV 
screen.
• Adjustments are possible only  when selecting DVD as the 
source.
 Turn on your TV and select the  correct input mode on the TV.
 You can only use the remote cont rol for choice menu operations.
 You can change the language  used in the choice menus. 
( A pg. 52)
 You cannot show the choice menus  when an MP3 disc or a JPEG 
disc is accessed.
Choice menus
: Language menu (LANGUAGE) ( Apg. 52)
You can select the initial language s for the disc menu, audio and 
subtitles.
You can also select the language  used on the TV screen while 
operating this system.
: Picture menu (PICTURE) ( Apg. 53)
You can select the desired options  concerning a picture or monitor 
screen.
: Audio menu (AUDIO) ( Apg. 53)
You can adjust sound settings.
: Speaker setting me nu (SPK. SETTING) 
( A pg. 53)
You can make speaker settings acco rding to the size and layout of 
your speakers.
You can also adjust the output level of the subwoofer, center 
speaker and surround speakers.
: Other setting menu (OTHERS) ( Apg. 55)
You can change settings for some  of the functions. Also use this 
menu to set Parental Lock.
Using the choice menus
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							Setting DVD preferences
51
Basic operation on the choice menus
IMPORTANT
Before using the remote control for the following 
operation;
1 Set the remote control mode selector to 
AUDIO .
2Press  DV D.
1Press CHOICE.
The language menu (LANGUAGE) appears on the TV screen.
2Press Cursor  3/2  repeatedly to display 
one of the choice menus.
Each time you press the button,  the choice menus change as 
follows;
LAN GUAGE   O PICTURE  O AUDIO  O 
SPK. SETTING  O OTHERS  O (back to the 
beginning)
Example: When the picture menu (PICTURE) is selected.
3Press Cursor  //5  repeatedly to move 
H to the item you  want to set up.
Example: When “PICTURE SOURCE” is selected.
4Press ENTER.
The pop-up window, listing the se lectable options, appears on 
the choice menu.
5Press Cursor  //5  repeatedly to select 
the desired option.
Example: When “FILM” is selected.
6Press ENTER.
Your choice is stored.
To set other items on the same choice menu
Repeat steps 3 to 6.
To move to another choice menu
Press Cursor  3/2  repeatedly to select a choice menu you want to 
set up.
To return to the normal screen
Press  CHOICE .
NOTE
 Some items in the choice menus consist of sub-menus to set up. 
Selecting these items and pressing  ENTER makes its related sub-
menu appear on the TV screen. You can set submenus using Cursor 
3 /2 // /5  and  ENTER  (as explained in this basic operation).
Cursor
( 3 /2 // /5 )
/ENTER
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							Setting DVD preferences
52
:Language menu (LANGUAGE)
NOTE
 You can select “MENU LANGUAGE”, “AUDIO LANGUAGE” and 
“SUBTITLE” only while playback is stopped.
MENU LANGUAGE
Some DVDs have their own menus in multiple languages.
 Select the initial language*.
ENGLISH, SPANISH, FRENCH, CHINESE, GERMAN, 
ITALIAN, JAPANESE and language codes from AA to ZU 
(see below)
AUDIO LANGUAGE
Some DVDs have multiple audio languages.
 Select the initial audio language*.
ENGLISH, SPANISH, FRENCH, CHINESE, GERMAN, 
ITALIAN, JAPANESE and language codes from AA to ZU 
(see below)
SUBTITLE
Some DVDs have multiple subtitle languages.
 Select the initial subtitle language*.
OFF (no indication of subtitles), ENGLISH, SPANISH, 
FRENCH, CHINESE, GERMAN, ITALIAN, JAPANESE and 
language codes from AA to ZU (see below)
ON SCREEN LANGUAGE
 Select the language shown on the TV screen when operating this 
system.
ENGLISH, GERMAN and FRENCH
* When the language you have selected is not recorded to a disc, 
the original language is automatically used as the initial 
language.
Menu description
The language codes list
AA Afar GL Galician
AB Abkhazian GN Guarani
AF Afrikaans GU Gujarati
AM Ameharic HA Hausa
AR Arabic HI Hindi
AS Assamese HR Croatian
AY Aymara HU Hungarian
AZ Azerbaijani HY Armenian
BA Bashkir IA Interlingua
BE Byelorussian IE Interlingue
BG Bulgarian IK Inupiak
BH Bihari IN Indonesian
BI Bislama IS Icelandic
BN Bengali, Bangla IW Hebrew
BO Tibetan JI Yiddish
BR Breton JW Javanese
CA Catalan KA Georgian
CO Corsican KK Kazakh
CS Czech KL Greenlandic
CY Welsh KM Cambodian
DA Danish KN Kannada
DZ Bhutani KO Korean (KOR)
EL Greek KS Kashmiri
EO Esperanto KU Kurdish
ET Estonian KY Kirghiz
EU Basque LA Latin
FA Persian LN Lingala
FI Finnish LO Laothian
FJ Fiji LT Lithuanian
FO Faroese LV Latvian, Lettish
FY Frisian MG Malagasy
GA Irish MI Maori
GD Scots Gaelic MK MacedonianML Malayalam SO Somali
MN Mongolian SQ Albanian
MO Moldavian SR Serbian
MR Marathi SS Siswati
MS Malay (MAY) ST Sesotho
MT Maltese SU Sundanese
MY Burmese SV Swedish
NA N aur u SW Swah il i
NE Nepali TA Tamil
NL Dutch TE Telugu
NO Norwegian TG Tajik
OC Occitan TH Thai
OM (Afan) Oromo TI Tigrinya
OR Oriya TK Turkmen
PA Panjabi TL Tagalog
PL Polish TN Setswana
PS Pashto, Pushto TO Tonga
PT Portuguese TR Turkish
QU Quechua TS Tsonga
RM Rhaeto-Romance TT Tatar
RN Kirundi TW Twi
RO Rumanian UK Ukrainian
RU Russian UR Urdu
RW Kinyarwanda UZ Uzbek
SA Sanskrit VI Vietnamese
SD Sindhi VO Volapuk
SG Sangho WO Wolof
SH Serbo-Croatian XH Xhosa
SI Singhalese YO Yoruba
SK Slovak ZU Zulu
SL Slovenian
SM Samoan
SN Shona
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							Setting DVD preferences
53
:Picture menu (PICTURE)
MONITOR TYPE
You can select the monitor type to match your TV when you play 
DVDs recorded in the picture’s height/width ratio of 16:9.
16:9 NORMAL (Wide television conversion)Select this when the aspect ratio of your TV is fixed to 16:9 
(wide TV).
The system automatically adjusts the screen width of the 
output signal correctly when playing back a picture whose 
aspect ratio is 4:3.
16:9 AUTO (Wide television conversion)Select this when the aspect ratio of your TV is 16:9 (wide 
TV).
4:3 LB (Letter Box conversion)Select this when the aspect ratio of your TV is 4:3 
(conventional TV). While viewing a wide screen picture, the 
black bars appear on the top and the bottom of the screen.
4:3 PS (Pan Scan conversion)Select this when the aspect ratio of your TV is 4:3 
(conventional TV). While viewing a wide screen picture, the 
black bars do not appear, however, the left and right edges of 
the pictures will not be shown on the screen.
NOTE
 Even if “4:3 PS” is selected, the screen size may become “4:3 LB” 
with some DVDs. This depends on how DVDs are recorded.
 When you select “16:9 NORMAL” for a picture whose aspect ratio is 
4:3, the picture slightly changes due to the process for converting the 
picture width.
PICTURE SOURCE
You can obtain optimal picture quality by selecting whether the 
content on the disc is processed by field (video source) or by frame 
(film source).
Normally set to “AUTO”.
VIDEO (NORMAL)Suitable for playing back a video source disc with relatively a 
few movements.
VIDEO (ACTIVE)Suitable for playing back a video source disc with relatively a 
lot of movements.
FILMSuitable for playing back a film source disc.AU TOUsed to play a disc containing both video and film source 
materials.
This system recognizes the source type (video or film) of the 
current disc according to the disc information.
 If the playback picture is unclear or noisy, or the oblique 
lines of the picture are rough, try to change to other modes.
SCREEN SAVER
You can activate or deactivate the screen saver function. (A
pg. 24)ONThe picture on the TV screen becomes dark.OFFSelect this to deactivate the function.
MP3/JPEG
If both MP3 files and JPEG files are recorded on a disc, you can 
select which files to play.
MP3Select this to play MP3 files.JPEGSelect this to play JPEG files.
:Audio menu (AUDIO)
L/R BALANCE
You can adjust the balance between the front left and front right 
speakers.
L-21 to L-1  CENTER  R-1 to R-21 (by 1 step)CENTER
The levels of the front left and right speakers are identical.
 L-21 to L-1 and R-1 to R-21
As the number increases, the level from one speaker lowered 
than that of the other speaker. (When you select “-21”, no 
sound comes out from the selected (L or R) speaker.)
BASS
You can adjust the enhancement level for bass sound from the front 
speakers.
Within the range from –10 to +10. (by 2 step)
TREBLE
You can adjust the enhancement level for treble sound from the 
front speakers.
Within the range from –10 to +10. (by 2 step)
NOTE
 You can adjust bass/treble enhancement level only for front left/right 
channel. However, the supplied speakers cannot add the effective 
change to the bass sound because of their cutoff frequency even if the 
bass sound adjustment is made. (A
pg. 54)
To change the bass enhancement level more efficiently, adjust the 
output level of the subwoofer. (A
pg. 22)
(When you change the front speakers to the larger ones and select 
“LARGE” for the front speakers in the SIZE sub-menu (A
pg. 54), 
the effective adjustment of bass sound is also possible.)
LFE ATT.
The Low Frequency Effect attenuater diminishes distortion of the 
bass sound from the subwoofer when playing back a disc with 
Dolby Digital or DTS Digital Surround.
ONSelect this to diminish distortion of the bass sound from the 
subwoofer.
OFFSelect this to deactivate the function.
D. RANGE COMPRESSION
(Dynamic range compression)
You can enjoy low level recorded sound clearly at night even at a 
low volume when listening to the sound with Dolby Digital.
MAXSelect this when you want to fully apply the compression 
effect (useful at midnight).
MIDSelect this when you want to reduce the dynamic range a 
little.
OFFSelect this when you want to enjoy surround sound with its 
full dynamic range (no effect applied).
:Speaker setting menu 
(SPK. SETTING)
SIZEAccesses the SIZE sub-menu (speaker size setting 
menu). (See following.)
LEVELAccesses the LEVEL sub-menu (speaker level setting 
menu). (See following.)
DISTANCEAccesses the DISTANCE sub-menu (speaker distance 
setting menu). (See following.)
Ex.: 16:9 Ex.: 4:3 LB Ex.: 4:3 PS
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							Setting DVD preferences
54
CROSS OVER*
Small speakers cannot reproduce bass sounds efficiently. If you use 
a small speaker in any position, this system automatically 
reallocates the bass sound elements assigned to the small speaker to 
one of the large speakers.
To use this function properly, set crossover frequency level 
according to the size of the smallest speaker connected.
200 HzSelect this when the cone speaker unit in the smallest speaker 
connected is about 4 cm in diameter.
150 Hz (Select this when using the supplied speakers.)Select this when the cone speaker unit in the smallest speaker 
connected is about 6 cm in diameter.
120 HzSelect this when the cone speaker unit in the smallest speaker 
connected is about 8 cm in diameter.
100 HzSelect this when the cone speaker unit in the smallest speaker 
connected is about 10 cm in diameter.
80 HzSelect this when the cone speaker unit in the smallest speaker 
connected is about 12 cm in diameter.
* If you have selected “LARGE” for all speakers in the SIZE 
menu, this function will not take effect.
RETURN TO INITIAL
Resets all speaker settings to the initial settings.

Size menu (SIZE)
CAUTION
 When using the supplied speakers, select “SMALL” for each. 
Selecting “LARGE” may damage the speakers.
NOTE
 When “SMALL” is selected for the front speakers, you cannot select 
“LARGE” for the center speaker and surround speakers.
FRONT SPEAKER/CENTER SPEAKER/SURROUND 
SPEAKER
Select the speaker size according to the actual size of your 
speakers.
LARGESelect this when the cone speaker unit in the speaker is larger 
than 12 cm in diameter.
SMALL (Select this when using the supplied speakers.)Select this when the cone speaker unit in the speaker is 
smaller than 12 cm in diameter.
SUB WOOFER
USEThis item is fixed to “USE”.
RETURN
Returns to the SPK. SETTING menu.

Level menu (LEVEL)
CENTER SPEAKER
*/SURROUND LEFT SPEAKER
*/
SURROUND RIGHT SPEAKER
*/SUB WOOFER
Adjust the output level of related speakers.
Within the range from –10 dB to +10 dB.
TEST TONE
**
Outputs the test tone.
RETURN
Returns to the SPK. SETTING menu.
*  You cannot select “CENTER SPEAKER” when one of the 
DA P  m od e s  (A
pg. 33) is selected as the surround mode. 
(A
pg. 35)
 You cannot select “CENTER SPEAKER”, “SURROUND 
LEFT SPEAKER” and “SURROUND RIGHT SPEAKER” 
when the surround mode is off (stereo). (A
pg. 35)
** The test tone comes out of all of the activated speakers in the 
following sequence:

 Front left speaker  Center speaker  Front right 
speaker 
 Surround right speaker  Surround left 
speaker 
 (back to the beginning)

Distance menu (DISTANCE)
Example:
In this case, set the distance of each speaker as follows;
 Distance of front speakers:  3.0 m
 Distance of center speaker:  2.7 m
 Distance of surround speakers: 2.4 m
FRONT SPEAKER/CENTER SPEAKER/SURROUND 
SPEAKER
Adjust the distance from the listening position to the speakers.
Within the range from 0.3 m to 9.0 m. (by 0.3 m)
TEST TONE
*
Outputs the test tone.
RETURN
Returns to the SPK. SETTING menu.
* The test tone comes out of all of the activated speakers in the 
following sequence:

 Front left speaker  Center speaker  Front right 
speaker 
 Surround right speaker  Surround left 
speaker 
 (back to the beginning)
Subwoofer
Front left
Center 
speaker
Front right
3.0 m
2.7 m
2.4 m
2.1 m
Surround leftSurround right
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							Setting DVD preferences
55
:Other setting menu (OTHERS)
NOTE
• You can select “PARENTAL LOCK” only while playback is stopped.
7 RESUME
You can activate or deactiva te Resume Playback function.
•ONSelect this to activate the function.
OFFSelect this to deactivate the function.
7ON SCREEN GUIDE
You can activate or deactivate  the on-screen guide icons. 
( A pg. 24)
ONSelect this to activate the function.
OFFSelect this to deactivate the function.
7AUTO STANDBY *
When playback ends and does not  restart for more than the time 
you specify, this system turns off by itself.
60This system turns off by itself  if playback does not restart 
within 60 minutes.
30This system turns off by itself  if playback does not restart 
within 30 minutes.
OFFSelect this to deactivate the function.
* When both the Auto Standby function and the Sleep Timer are  activated, if the shut-off time set by the Sleep Timer comes 
earlier than the one set by the Auto Standby function, the Sleep 
Timer controls shut-off time.
7 PARENTAL LOCK
You can restrict playback of a D VD containing violent scenes that 
is not suitable for your other family members.
Accesses the PARENTAL LOCK sub-menu. (See 
following “Parental Lock”.)
Using this function, you can restri ct playback of a DVD containing 
violent scenes or scenes not  suitable for your other family 
members. Nobody can play such a  disc unless this function is 
canceled.
 This setting takes effect only fo r DVDs containing the Parental 
Lock level information — Level 1 (most restrictive) to Level 8 
(least restrictive).
 You can set the Parental Lock only when playback is stopped.
Setting Parental Lock
1Press CHOICE.
2Press Cursor  3/2  to display the 
OTHERS menu.
3Press Cursor  //5  repeatedly to move 
H to “PARENTAL LOCK”, then press 
ENTER.
The PARENTAL LOCK sub-menu  appears on the TV screen.
4Press Cursor //5  repeatedly to move 
H to “COUNTRY CODE”, then press 
ENTER.
5Press Cursor  //5  repeatedly to select 
the country code, then press ENTER.
See “Country/Area codes list for Parental Lock” ( Apg. 57).
The  H moves to “SET LEVEL”.
Parental Lock
Number buttons
Cursor
( 3 /2 // /5 )
/ENTER
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							Setting DVD preferences
56
6Press ENTER.
7Press Cursor //5  repeatedly to select 
the level of rest riction, then press 
ENTER.
The  H moves to “PASSWORD”.
 Select “NONE” to ca ncel this function.
8Press number buttons (0-9) to enter a 
four-digit number as your password, 
then press ENTER.
The  H moves to “EXIT”.
9Press ENTER.
The OTHERS menu resumes.
To return to the normal screen
Press  CHOICE .
NOTE
 Remember your password, or make a note of it.
Changing the Parental Lock setting
1Press CHOICE.
2Press Cursor  3/2  to display the 
OTHERS menu.
3Press Cursor  //5  repeatedly to move 
H to “PARENTAL LOCK”, then press 
ENTER.
The PARENTAL LOCK sub-menu  appears on the TV screen.
 You can only move  H to “PASSWORD” or to “EXIT” 
before you enter your password.
4Press number buttons (0-9) to enter 
your password, th en press ENTER.
 If you enter a wrong pass word, “WRONG! RETRY...” 
appears under the PARENTAL LOCK sub-menu. You 
cannot go to the next steps before you enter the correct 
password.
5Press Cursor  //5  repeatedly to move 
H to the item you w ant to change, then 
press ENTER.
6Press Cursor  //5  repeatedly to change 
the setting, then press ENTER.
7Press number buttons (0-9) to enter 
your password, th en press ENTER.
The new setting is stored.
NOTE
 You cannot set the Parental Lock before you set your password.
 If you go out of the PARENTAL LO CK sub-menu before setting your 
password in step 6, the new country code and parental lock level will 
not become effective. The old country code and parental level will 
remain in effect.
 When you enter wrong passwords more than three times, the  H 
moves to “EXIT” automatically and Cursor  //5  do not work. Press 
ENTER  to exit from the PARENTAL LOCK sub-menu, then repeat 
from step 1.
 If you forget your password, enter “8888”.
Releasing Parental Lock temporarily
When you set a strict parental leve l, some discs may not be played 
back at all. When you load such a disc and try to play it, the 
following display appears on the  TV screen. You can temporarily 
release the Parental Lock.
1Press Cursor  //5  repeatedly to move 
H to “TEMPORARY RELEASE”, then 
press ENTER.
The  H moves to “PASSWORD”.
 When selecting “NOT RELEASE”, press  OPEN/CLOSE 
on the remote control or  0 on the center unit to remove the 
disc.
2Press number buttons (0-9) to enter 
your password.
Playback starts.
 If you enter a wrong pass word, “WRONG! RETRY...” 
appears under the PARENTAL LOCK sub-menu. You 
cannot play the disc before  you enter the correct password.
NOTE
 When you enter wrong passwords more than three times, the  H 
moves to “NOT RELEASE” automatically and Cursor  //5  do not 
work. Press  0 on the center unit to remove the disc.
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							Setting DVD preferences
57
Country/Area codes list for Parental Lock
AD Andorra ER Eritrea
LALao People’s Democratic 
RepublicRW Rwanda
AE United Arab Emirates ES Spain SA Saudi Arabia
AF Afghanistan ET Ethiopia LB Lebanon SB Solomon Islands
AG Antigua and Barbuda FI Finland LC Saint Lucia SC Seychelles
AI Anguilla FJ Fiji LI Liechtenstein SD Sudan
AL Albania FK Falkland Islands (Malvinas) LK Sri Lanka SE Sweden
AM Armenia
FMMicronesia (Fedelated States 
of)LR Liberia SG Singapore
AN Netherlands Antilles LS Lesotho SH Saint Helena
AO Angola FO Faroe Islands LT Lithuania SI Slovenia
AQ Antarctica FR France LU Luxembourg SJ Svalbard and Jan Mayen
AR Argentina FX France, Metropolitan LV Latvia SK Slovakia
AS American Samoa GA Gabon LY Libyan Arab Jamahiriya SL Sierra Leone
AT Austria GB United Kingdom MA Morocco SM San Marino
AU Australia GD Grenada MC Monaco SN Senegal
AW Aruba GE Georgia MD Moldova, Republic of SO Somalia
AZ Azerbaijan GF French Guiana MG Madagascar SR Suriname
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina GH Ghana MH Marshall Islands ST Sao Tome and Principe
BB Barbados GI Gibraltar ML Mali SV El Salvador
BD Bangladesh GL Greenland MM Myanmar SY Syrian Arab Republic
BE Belgium GM Gambia MN Mongolia SZ Swaziland
BF Burkina Faso GN Guinea MO Macau TC Turks and Caicos Islands
BG Bulgaria GP Guadeloupe MP Northern Mariana Islands TD Chad
BH Bahrain GQ Equatorial Guinea MQ Martinique TF French Southern Territories
BI Burundi GR Greece MR Mauritania TG Togo
BJ Benin
GSSouth Georgia and the South 
Sandwich IslandsMS Montserrat TH Thailand Code Language
BM Bermuda MT Malta TJ Tajikistan
BN Brunei Darussalam GT Guatemala MU Mauritius TK Tokelau
BO Bolivia GU Guam MV Maldives TM Turkmenistan
BR Brazil GW Guinea-Bissau MW Malawi TN Tunisia
BS Bahamas GY Guyana MX Mexico TO Tonga
BT Bhutan HK Hong Kong MY Malaysia TP East Timor
BV Bouvet Island
HMHeard Island and McDonald 
IslandsMZ Mozambique TR Turkey
BW Botswana NA Namibia TT Trinidad and Tobago
BY Belarus HN Honduras NC New Caledonia TV Tuvalu
BZ Belize HR Croatia NE Niger TW Taiwan
CA Canada HT Haiti NF Norfolk Island TZ Tanzania, United Republic of
CC Cocos (Keeling) Islands HU Hungary NG Nigeria UA Ukraine
CF Central African Republic ID Indonesia NI Nicaragua UG Uganda
CG Congo IE Ireland NL Netherlands
UMUnited States Minor Outlying 
Islands
CH Switzerland IL Israel NO Norway
CI Côte d’Ivoire IN India NP Nepal US United States
CK Cook Islands IO British Indian Ocean Territory NR Nauru UY Uruguay
CL Chile IQ Iraq NU Niue UZ Uzbekistan
CM Cameroon IR Iran (Islamic Republic of) NZ New Zealand VA Vatican City State (Holy See)
CN China IS Iceland OM Oman
VCSaint Vincent and the 
Grenadines
CO Colombia IT Italy PA Panama
CR Costa Rica JM Jamaica PE Peru VE Venezuela
CU Cuba JO Jordan PF French Polynesia VG Virgin Islands (British)
CV Cape Verde JP Japan PG Papua New Guinea VI Virgin Islands (U.S.)
CX Christmas Island KE Kenya PH Philippines VN Vietnam
CY Cyprus KG Kyrgyzstan PK Pakistan VU Vanuatu
CZ Czech Republic KH Cambodia PL Poland WF Wallis and Futuna Islands
DE Germany KI Kiribati PM Saint Pierre and Miquelon WS Samoa
DJ Djibouti KM Comoros PN Pitcairn YE Yemen
DK Denmark KN Saint Kitts and Nevis PR Puerto Rico YT Mayotte
DM Dominica
KPKorea, Democratic People’s 
Republic ofPT Portugal YU Yugoslavia
DO Dominican Republic PW Palau ZA South Africa
DZ Algeria KR Korea, Republic of PY Paraguay ZM Zambia
EC Ecuador KW Kuwait QA Qatar ZR Zaire
EE Estonia KY Cayman Islands RE Réunion ZW Zimbabwe
EG Egypt KZ Kazakhstan RO Romania
EH Western Sahara RU Russian Federation
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