Land Rover Defender 90 110 Workshop Book 2 Rover
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-- : *:+ .* ; LAND ROVER 90 BASIC FUEL SYSTEM *- I. In-tank fuel pump. 2. Fuel tank gauge unit. 3. Fuel supply pipc to filter. 4. Fuel filter. 5. Fuel supply pipe filter to vapour separator 6. Vapour separator. 7. Vapour separator, outlet to carburctter. 8. Spill return pipc to fuel tank via restrictor. 9. Fuel filler. 10. Breather hose. 11. Restrictor. 12. Fuel tank drain plug.
El PETROL FUEL SYSTEM REMOVE REAR TANK FUEL PUMP To renew the pump it is first necessary to remove the fuel tank from the vehicle. Before commencing the following instructions it is essential that the WARNINGS and safety precautions concerning fuel tank draining and removal are studied and observed. These precautions are included in the introduction to this and each of the five books comprising the workshop manual for the Ninety and One -Ten vehicles. 1. Move vehicle to well ventilated area and disconnect the battery. 2. Remove the fuel tank drain plug and allow the fuel to drain into a suitable receptacle and refit the 3. Working from the right-hand side of the vehicle disconnect the fuel feed pipe and the spill return at the rubber connections. 4. Disconncct the fuel filter hose and breather hose from the tank. 5. Whilst, noting the cable colours, disconnect the electrical leads from the fuel gauge unit at the left -hand side of the vehicle. 6. If the vehicle is fitted with a towing ball drop-plate with support bars the bars must be removed. 7. Remove the eight nuts and bolts securing the anti -roll bar to the chassis and push the roll bar down to provide access to the tank. 8. Remove the left -hand lashing eye to facilitatc removal of the tank. 9. Place a support under the tank, preferably one which will enable the tank to be progressively lowered. 10. Remove the two nuts retaining the forward end of the tank. 11. Remove the two nuts securing the rear of the tank. 12. Carefully lower the tank sufficiently to enable the electrical leads to the fuel pump to be diconnected. 13. Finally rcmove the tank from the vehicle together with the pump and rear section of the fuel feed pipe. 14. Disconnect the rear section of the feed pipe from the pump. 1.5. Remove the five retaining screws and withdraw the fuel pump and sealing ring from the tank. 16. Cover the pump aperture in the tank to prevent the ingress of foreign matter. Plug. . Fitting fuel pump CAUTION: On some early models a modification was carried out to the fuel pump to prevent the possibility of the contacts earthing. These pumps can be recognised by a black plastic tie clip as illustrated. See Fuel System description. If the fuel tank only is being renewed and the original pump is being re-fitted, ensure that the tie clip is correctly positioned. 1 7. Fit the pump into the tank with a new Sealing ring so that the outlet pipe is directed towards the front of the vehicle and the electrical connections to the rear. 18. Offer -up tank to thc chassis and connect thc electrical leads black to negative (-) white to positive (+). 19. Locate front of the tank on the two captive bolts and secure with the mounting rubber, flat and spring washer and nut. .-w 19 ST1679M 32
PETROL FUEL SYSTEM 1191 ,.. 20. Secure the rear of the tank with the two captive I . >,.. Y;:. :* .I a. bolts, plain washer and nyloc nut. 21. Connect the fuel feed pipe. 22. Connect the spill return pipe. 23. Connect the fuel filter hose and breather pipe to 24. Fit the left-hand lashing eye. 25. Fit the anti-roll bar. 26. Fit the drop plate support bars- if fitted. 27. Connect the fuel gauge unit leads. 28. Reconnect battery, and check operation of pump the tank. and change -over solenoid - if fitted. REMOVE SIDE TANK FUEL PUMP 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ST1676 M 7. Cover the pump aperture in the tank to prevent the ingress of foreign matter. CAUTION: On some early models a modification was carried out to the fuel pump to prevent the possibility of the contacts earthing. These pumps can be recognised by a black plastic tie clip as illustrated. See fuel system description. If the fuel tank only is being renewed and the original pump is being re-fitted, ensure that the tie clip is correctly positioned. Refitting 8. Insert the pump and new sealing washer into the tank so that the outlet pipe is directed towards the left -hand side of the vehicle and the electrical connections to the right. 9. Secure the pump with the five screws tightening evenly. 10. Fit the supply pipe to the pump outlet and tighten the hose clip. 11. Connect the white/grccn wire to the positive (+) terminal and the black wire to the negative [-) terminal. 12. Connect the batteries, switch on ignition and operate the tank selection switch, if it is a twin tank installation and check that the pump operates. Move the vehicle to a well ventilated area, 13. Switch off ignition, fit the seal base cwer and extinguish all naked lights and disconnect the carpet and refit the seat cushion. vehicle batteries. Remove the right -hand side front seat cushion. Move the carpet aside, where fitted and unclip and remove the seat base cover. Disconnect the two Lucars from the fuel pump. Disconnect the fuel outlet pipe from the pump. Remove the five retaining screws and withdraw the pump and sealing ring. .J z . .. jl” ..,::” 33
El DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM FUEL INJECTORS CHECKING NOZZLE ASSEMBLIES WARNING: Do not allow the fuel spray to contact the person otherwise injury may result from skin penetration. When an injection nozzle is considcrcd to be the cause of irregular running and loss of power, a quick check may be made by loosening the fuel feed pipe union nut on each nozzle in turn, whilst the engine is idling at approximately 1,000 rev/min. If the injection nozzle assembly being checked has been operating properly, there will be a distinct reduction in engine speed accompanied by obvious roughness, but a faulty injection nozzle may make little or no difference to the engine note when its fuel feed pipe is loosened. Spray check 1. Remove the fuel spill gallery pipe complete from the injection nozzles. 2. Disconnect the fuel feed pipe (injection pump to nozzle) from the nozzle to bc testcd and from the injection pump. 3. Rcleasc the fixings and withdraw the suspected injection nozzle assembly; reconnect the pipe and nozzle assembly to the injection pump in a position whereby fuel ejection may be observed. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Loosen the union nuts securing the remaining fuel e pipes to injection nozzles. Whilst the starter turns the engine over, observe the manner in which fuel issues from the nozzle and compare thc spray form with the correct form as illustrated. Very little fuel should issue from the main spray hole with the engine turning over at starter specd but a fine spray comparablc to that illustrated should be ejected from the auxiliary spray holc. If the ejected fuel is more in the form of a liquid jet or issues from the main pintle hole, then the nozzle and holder assembly should be removed for overhaul and a replacement unit fitted. Refit the injectors and tighten thc union nuts. Connect the spill gallery pipe with the bolt and two washers. PRIME FUEL SYSTEM Procedure following fuel filter or sedimentor service When models fitted with a sedimentor have had thc water drained only from the sedimentor bowl, no priming is necessary as the water is replaced by fuel automatically syphoned from thc tank. However, if the sedimcntor has been dismantled and air has entered the body, or where the fuel filter element has been replaced and the filter bowl cleaned, then the system must be primed as follows: NOTE: The above illustration shows the D.P.A. pump fitted to the 3.25 iitre diesei engine. 34
DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM 1191 .rcs,~ ..... f ~::.; L:::! 1. Do not attempt to start the engine hoping to draw , , . . . . . . . ... ~.~,, the fuel through in this way, othcrwisc the full priming procedure will be necessary. 2. Slacken the bleed pipe banjo bolt on the top of the main fuel filter. C... - .. ,. .. , .... .. .. .., : ,. . .I. ... .. 3. Operate the hand priming lever on the mechanical pump, until fuel free from bubbles emerges. Always ensure that fuel pump lever is on the bottom of the operating cam when priming the fuel system, otherwise maximum movement of the priming lever cannot be achieved. 4. Tighten the bleed pipe banjo bolt whilst the fucl is still emerging. 5. Operate the hand priming lever once or twice to clear the last bubbles of air into the filter bleed pipe. 6. Start engine in normal way and check for leaks. Procedure when fuel system has been drained 7. Carry out instructions 1 to 5 inclusive. . .. I.. ., .,. ... 8. Release air vent screw on distributor body. .. ... , . .I .. ., .. .. . Illustration A -2.25 litre D.P.A. pump Illustration B -2.5 litre D.P.S. pump . . .i. . ..... STllOl M 9. Operate the fuel pump hand priming lever until fuel free of air cmerges. 10. Rctighten the air vent screw. 11. To ensure that all air is exhausted from the pump it may also be nccessary to slacken air vent screw in the distributor control cover and repeat instructions 9 and 10. 2.25 litre engine D.P.A. pump only. 12. Start the engine in the normal way and check for leaks. Procedure when distributor pump has been drained 13. Carry out instructions 8 to 12 inclusive. FUEL INJECTION PUMP - Altitude compensation When Diesel engines are operated at high altitude it is recognised that the reduced air density causes a reduction in the weight of air drawn into the engine cylinders, which results iri incomplclc combustion of the injected fuel at full throttle, unlcss this is rcduced in proportion to the reduction in air density. To compensate for these variations and to avoid excessive fuel consumption, accompanied by excessive exhaust smoke, the amount of fuel delivered to the cylinders must be reduced to suit the conditions under which the engine is required to operate. For every 330 metres (I000 feet) above 990 metres (3000 feet) the fuel delivery must be reduced by 3%. Adjustments to the D.P.S. pump, however, must only be carried -out by an authorised C.A.V. Dealer. 35
DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM OVERHAUL Service tools: 271483 or 18G109 or 12. Clean the three oil feed passages in the nozzle body 0 ,,: 5, with a wire or drill of 1,5 mm (0.062 in) diameter. -- 13. Remove the carbon from the annular recess with the tool illustrated. FUEL INJECTORS Injector nozzle testing and setting kit Adaptor Pintaux Injector Diesel tune 111 278182 or 18G109B or Diesel tune 102 Injector nozzle flushing tool Injector nozzle cleaning kit 278181 or 18G109E 605002 or 18G1487 or FT9101 DISMANTLE I 1. Remove the injectors from the engine. - 2. Disconnect the injectors from the fuel spill rail. 3. Remove the combined locknut and end cap. 4. Withdraw the sealing washer. -.+ 6 --- 5. Unscrew the pressure adjusting screw. 7. Withdraw the valve spindle. 8. Unscrew the cap nut. 9. Withdraw the nozzle valve and body. 6. Withdraw the pressure spring. ST 1107M 14. Remove the carbon from the valve seat, using the appropriate tool with a rotary motion. 15. Select the appropriate size probe from the pocket of cleaning kit and secure it in the pintle hole cleaner. Insert the probe into the bore of nozzle valve body and allow the end to extend through the main fuel outlet, then turn in a rotary manner to remove carbon. ST 1106M 14 Cleaning and inspecting 10. Soak the component parts of the assembly in Shell Calibration Fluid to loosen carbon deposits, but do not allow parts of any one assembly to be interchanged with those of another. 11. Brush away all external carbon deposits from component parts with a brass wire brush and return them to the fluid bath. Particular care must be exercised when cleaning the pintle and seat of nozzle valve to avoid scratching or scoring, which could result in spray distortion. 15 ST 1108M continued 36
DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM El - I. :-; : ..\..* 16. Carbon may be removed from the nozzle valve cone by inserting the valve into the tool illustrated and then rotating it alternately in a clockwise then anti -clockwise manner whilst pressing the valve inward. If the nozzle is blued or the seating has a dull circumferential ring indicating pitting or wear, the nozzle body and valve should be returned to a CAV Service Agent and replacement parts fitted. Do not attempt to lap the nozzle valve to body. This process requires special equipment and training. 17. Clean the auxiliary spray hole using the special tool fitted with probing wire 0,20 mm (0.008 in) diameter. NOTE: Allow 1,s mm (0.062 in) only to extend from the chuck and thus minimise the possibility of the wire bending or breaking while probing. Great care must be taken to prevent breakage of the wire inthehole. - W ST 1109M 18. Examine the pressure faces of nozzle body and nozzle holder to ascertain their freedom from scoring and scratches. These surfaces must be perfectly smooth. 19. With the flushing tool secured to the nozzle testing outfit, fit the nozzle body (spray holes uppermost) to the flushing tool and pump test oil through vigorously. This flushing process is necessary for the removal of any tiny carbon parricles which may have become lodged in the body after scraping and probing. ST 1111M . . . . . . . . . . Assemble 20. Fit the nozzle valve to nozzle and check for freedom of movement. 21. Immerse the nozzle body and valve in the fluid bath and assemble whilst submerged. 22. Wash the remaining components and assemble the injector in the sequence illustrated during the dismantling. 23. Set the injection nozzle assembly in accordance with the following test procedure. Bench test injector nozzle and holder assembly 24. To check a nozzle assembly and to ensure that it is functioning correctly, a setting outfit, as illustrated, is essential. A bench covered with linoleum or non-ferrous sheet metal is most suitable for mounting the outfit; such a surface facilitates the cleanliness essential when checking nozzle parts. Between the bench and setting outfit, a tray, also prevent spilt fuel spreading. Small containers may be attached to the bench to isolate the component parts of each assembly. These parts are carefully mated by the manufacturers and must not be interchanged. Lastly, a small bath with a cover, containing Shell Calibration Fluid for washing components, should be kept conveniently near. 37 -c --- c --.- 1 -L-..lJ U1 I1u1I-lc1fuu> l1l~lai, >IIOUIU be positioned to
DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM 25. The efficient operation of the injection nozzle assembly is dependent on four main conditions, as follows: The nozzle valve must open at 135 Ats. The rate of back leakage must be within 150 to 100 Ats. Seat tightness must be sufficient to prevent leakage. Spray form must compare favourably with the illustrations. 26. Pressure setting, back leakage and seat tightness tests may be made by coupling the injection nozzle and holder assembly direct to the pressure feed pipe on the setting outfit, but an adaptor must be fitted between the pipe and injection nozzle and holder assembly when testing spray form. This adaptor, see instruction 38, increases the pressure of fuel to the injection nozzle and holder assembly sufficiently for the main and auxiliary spray form to 6e determined. - Test procedure WARNING: The injection nozzle must not be allowed to point towards the operator when spraying and the hands must never be allowed to contact the spray which has a force that can penetrate the flesh. 27. Remove the cap from the setting outfit container and fill with 0,8 litre (1.5 pints) of Shell Calibration Fluid. 28. Air vent the system by removing the vent screw, allow oil to flow freely for a few seconds and replace the screw whilst the flow continues. 29. Operate the pump handle until fluid flows from pipe. 30. Connect the injector and holder assembly to the pressure feed pipe with the nozzle pointing downwards. The length and bore of this pipe is important and replacement pipes must be approximately 75 mm (2.8 in) between the union nuts and of 3 mm (0.118 in) bore. 31. Close the check valve to keep the pressure gauge out of circuit and smartly operate the hand lever several times to expel all air from the system. Leak-back test 32. Adjustment is made by removing the combined end cap and locknut from the nozzle holder, and turning the adjusting screw clockwise to increase and anti -clockwise to decrease the opening pressure. 33. Fit assembled injector to nozzle setting outfit and adjust to open at 160 to 170 atmospheres then pump up to just below this figure, release handle to allow the needle of gauge to fall naturally. Time the pressure drop from 150 atmospheres down to 100 atmospheres. 34. This should be not less than 5 seconds for the original nozzle and not less than 7 seconds if a new one is to be fitted, and not more than 36 seconds for either with oil temperature 10 to 21°C (50 to 70°F). 38 35. Check externally the top and bottom of nozzle cap 0 nut and pressure pipe union nuts for signs of oil leakage. If leakage occurs at the nozzle cap nut, remove the nut and examine the pressure faces of nozzle holders and nozzle body (see item 18) for presence of foreign matter or surface scoring, before tightening further. A leak-proof nozzle assembly with an excessive rate of pressure drop indicates a worn nozzle valve; the nozzle valve and nozzle body should be renewed. 32 30 35 29 ST 11 127M Pressure setting 36. The selected operational opcning pressurc of the s ~., , nozzle valve is 135 atmosphcrcs. Readjust to this setting in the manner described in item 32. - Seat tightness 37. Wipe the bottom face of the injection nozzle dry and raise the pressure in the system to 125 atmospheres. A slight dampness on the bottom face is permissible, but blob formation 01 dripping indicates a badly seating valve in which case the assembly should be dismantled for further examination. Spray form 38. Fuel delivery to the injection nozzle assembly when testing spray form must be characteristically similar to fuel delivery under normal operating conditions and to effect these conditions an adaptor (CAV f~ Y7044872) must be fitted between the injection ;. , nozzle assembly and the pressure pipe. continued
DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM .. . I. :.:T 39. The adaptor differs mainly in the cap nut and nozzle valve from the ordinary type of injection nozzle and holder assembly as fitted to the engine; the nozzle valve has no pintle. 40. The cap nut is extended, bored and threaded to receive nozzles for testing. 41, Connect the adaptor assembly to the pressure pipe. 42. Remove the end cap and adjust the opening pressure of the nozzle valve to 220 atmospheres. 43. Screw the injection nozzle and holder assembly to be tested, into the adaptor. 44. With the check valve closed, operate the handle smartly to expel air from the system. The auxiliary spray form may be tested at 60 strokes per minute and the main spray at 140. Spray development from starting to running speeds is illustrated, this illustration should be referred to and compared with the spray form of nozzles under test. Spray formation should be well formed and free from splits or distortion. A slight centre core can be disregarded. Observe the main spray through 360 degrees to ensure a uniform spray. Y. - * I .. ST1114M d ST 1115M 45. When satisfactory, fit the combined locknut and end cap, connect the injectors to the fuel spill rail and fit them to the engine. FITTING FUEL INJECTORS The steel sealing washer fitted below the injector nozzle is to ensure that combustion does not take placc around the nozzle body and cause it to overheat. A washer which has been used more than once, or an incorrectly fitted washer may cause the nozzle to overheat and result in that cylinder misfiring. 1. Ensure that the new washers are separated from each other and are clean. 2. Use a length of thin welding wire to guide one washer only into each port with the domed side toward the injector as illustrated. Ensure that only one washer is fitted to each port. continued 39
1191 DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM 3. Lightly grease the copper washer into position on each injector before fitting to the cylinder head. 4. Fit the injector and evenly tighten the retaining nuts to the correct torque 6 to 8 Nm (4 to 6 Ibs ft). Uneven or overtightening of the injector nuts could distort the nozzle and cause misfiring when normal running temperature is reached. 5. Reconnect the injector pipes but do not overtighten thc union nuts. THROTTLE PEDAL ADJUSTMENT - Petrol and Diesel four cylinder engines 1. After renewing the throttle cable, remove any slack in the cable by adjustment of the cable adjuster at the engine end. 2. Depress the throttle pedal, by hand, .to the full extent of the carburetter, DPA or DPS pump linkage, and adjust thc pedal stop screw to take up all clearance between the screw and scuttle panel. Make sure that no strain is placed upon the carburetter or pump linkage. HAND THROTTLE - where fitted Petrol and Diesel four cylinder engines Adjust 1. Slacken the lock nut on the cable adjuster and turn the adjuster to remove all slack from the cable and tighten the locknut. NOTE: The first illustration petrol engine and second illustration Diesel engine. A.) Foot pedal cable adjuster B.) Hand throttle cable adjuster . . .. ST1835M 40 STlfiR8M