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Cisco Router 800 Series Software Configuration Guide

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    Appendix B      ROM Monitor
    ROM Monitor Commands
    Step 7Enter y to start the download. Successive exclamation points (!!!!!!) indicate that 
    the download is occurring. The router reboots when the download is complete.
    Updating in Cisco IOS EXEC Mode
    Step 1Download the ROMMON image from CCO, and place it on your TFTP server.
    Step 2In EXEC mode, save the current configuration, using the copy running-config 
    startup-config command.
    Step 3Enter the copy tftp rommon command, and answer the prompts. Replace the 
    variables shown in the following example with the correct values for your router:
    820-2#copy tftp:rommon:
    Address or name of remote host []? IP_address_of_remote_host
    Source filename []? rommon_image_source_file_name
    Destination filename [rommon]? rommon_image_destination_file_name
    ROM Monitor Commands
    Enter ? or help at the ROM monitor prompt to display a list of available 
    commands and options, as follows:
    rommon 1 > ?alias               set and display aliases command
    boot                boot up an external process
    break               set/show/clear the breakpoint
    confreg             configuration register utility
    cont                continue executing a downloaded image
    context             display the context of a loaded image
    cookie              display contents of cookie PROM in hex
    dev                 list the device table
    dir                 list files in file system
    dis                 display instruction stream
    dnld                serial download a program module
    frame               print out a selected stack frame
    help                monitor builtin command help
    history             monitor command history 
    						
    							 
    Appendix B      ROM Monitor
    Command Descriptions
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    78-5372-06 meminfo             main memory information
    repeat              repeat a monitor command
    reset               system reset
    set                 display the monitor variables
    stack               produce a stack trace
    sync                write monitor environment to NVRAM
    sysret              print out info from last system return
    tftpdnld            tftp image download
    unalias             unset an alias
    unset               unset a monitor variable
    xmodem              x/ymodem image download
    Commands are case sensitive. You can halt any command by pressing the Break 
    key on a terminal. If you are using a PC, most terminal emulation programs halt 
    a command when you press the Ctrl and the Break keys at the same time. If you 
    are using another type of terminal emulator or terminal emulation software, refer 
    to the documentation for that product for information on how to send a Break 
    command. 
    Command Descriptions
    Ta b l e B - 1 describes the most commonly used ROM monitor commands.
    Table B-1 Most Commonly Used ROM Monitor Commands
    Command Description
    help or ?Displays a summary of all available ROM monitor commands.
    -?Displays information about command syntax; for example:
    rommon 16 > dis -?
    usage : dis [addr] [length]
    The output for this command is slightly different for the xmodem download 
    command:
    rommon 11 > xmodem -?
    xmodem: illegal option -- ?
    usage: xmodem [-cyrxu] 
    -c  CRC-16
    -y  ymodem-batch protocol
    -r  copy image to dram for launch
    -x  do not launch on download completion
    -u  upgrade ROMMON, System will reboot after upgrade 
    						
    							 
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    Appendix B      ROM Monitor
    Disaster Recovery with TFTP Download
    Disaster Recovery with TFTP Download
    The standard way to load new software on your router is using the copy tftp flash 
    privileged EXEC command from the Cisco IOS software command-line interface 
    (CLI). However, if the router is unable to boot the Cisco IOS software, you can 
    load new software while in ROM monitor mode.
    This section describes how to load a Cisco IOS software image from a remote 
    TFTP server to the router Flash memory. Use the tftpdnld command only for 
    disaster recovery because it erases all existing data in Flash memory before 
    downloading a new software image to the router.
    tftpdnld Command Variables
    This section describes the system variables that can be set in ROM monitor mode 
    and that are used during the TFTP download process. There are both required 
    variables and optional variables.  reset or iResets and initializes the router, similar to a power up.
    devLists boot device identifications on the router; for example:
    rommon 10> dev
    Devices in device table:
            id  name
        flash:  flash 
    dir device:Lists the files on the named device; flash, for example:
    rommon 4 > dir flash:
          File size           Checksum   File name
    2835276 bytes (0x2b434c)   0x2073    c806-oy6-mz
    boot commands For more information about the ROM monitor boot commands, refer to the 
    Cisco IOS Configuration Guide and the Cisco IOS Command Reference.
    bBoots the first image in Flash memory.
    b flash:[filename] Attempts to boot the image directly from the first partition of Flash memory. If 
    you do not enter a filename, this command will boot this first image in Flash.
    Table B-1 Most Commonly Used ROM Monitor Commands (continued)
    Command Description 
    						
    							 
    Appendix B      ROM Monitor
    Disaster Recovery with TFTP Download
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    NoteThe commands described in this section are case sensitive and must be entered 
    exactly as shown.
    Required Variables
    These variables must be set with these commands before using the tftpdnld 
    command.
    Variable Command
    IP address of the router.IP_ADDRESS=ip_address
    Subnet mask of the routerIP_SUBNET_MASK=ip_address
    IP address of the default gateway of the 
    router.DEFAULT_GATEWAY=ip_address
    IP address of the TFTP server from 
    which the software will be 
    downloaded.TFTP_SERVER=ip_address
    The name of the file that will be 
    downloaded to the router.TFTP_FILE=filename 
    						
    							 
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    Appendix B      ROM Monitor
    Disaster Recovery with TFTP Download
    Optional Variables
    The following variables should be set with these commands before using the 
    tftpdnld command.
    Variable Command
    Configures how the router displays file 
    download progress.
    0—No progress is displayed.
    1—Exclamation points (!!!) are 
    displayed to indicate file download 
    progress. This is the default setting.
    2—Detailed progress is displayed 
    during the file download process; for 
    example:
    Initializing interface.
    Interface link state up.
    ARPing for 1.4.0.1
    ARP reply for 1.4.0.1 received.  
    MAC address 00:00:0c:07:ac:01TFTP_VERBOSE= setting
    Number of times the router attempts 
    ARP and TFTP download. The default 
    is 7.TFTP_RETRY_COUNT= 
    retry_times
    Amount of time, in seconds, before the 
    download process times out. The 
    default is 7,200 seconds 
    (120 minutes).TFTP_TIMEOUT= time
    Whether or not the router performs a 
    checksum test on the downloaded 
    image:
    1—Checksum test is performed.
    0—No checksum test is performed.TFTP_CHECKSUM=setting 
    						
    							 
    Appendix B      ROM Monitor
    Using the TFTP Download Command Without Writing the Image to Flash Memory
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    Using the TFTP Download Command Without 
    Writing the Image to Flash Memory
    Follow the steps below to do download new file in ROM monitor mode.
    Step 1Use the appropriate commands to enter all the required variables and any optional 
    variables described earlier in this section.
    Step 2Enter the tftpdnld command as follows:
    rommon 1 > tftpdnld [-r] 
    NoteThe -r variable is optional. Entering this variable downloads and boots 
    the new software but does not save the software to Flash memory. You 
    can then use the image that is in Flash memory the next time you enter the 
    reload command.
    You will see output similar to the following:
    IP_ADDRESS: 1.3.6.7
          IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.0.0
         DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 1.3.0.1
             TFTP_SERVER: 223.255.254.254
               TFTP_FILE: c806-sy-mz
    Invoke this command for disaster recovery only.
    WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost!
    Do you wish to continue? y/n:  [n]:
    Step 3If you are sure that you want to continue, enter y in response to the question in the 
    output:
    Do you wish to continue? y/n:  [n]:y
    The router begins to download the new file.
    Enter Ctrl-C or Break to stop the transfer before the Flash memory is erased. 
    						
    							 
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    Appendix B      ROM Monitor
    Configuration Register
    Configuration Register
    The virtual configuration register is in nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM) and has the 
    same functionality as other Cisco routers. You can view or modify the virtual 
    configuration register from either the ROM monitor or the operating system 
    software. Within ROM monitor, you can change the configuration register by 
    entering the register value in hexadecimal format, or by allowing the ROM 
    monitor to prompt you for the setting of each bit.
    Changing the Configuration Register Manually
    To change the virtual configuration register from the ROM monitor manually, 
    enter the command confreg followed by the new value of the register in 
    hexadecimal, as shown in the following example:
    rommon 1 > confreg 0x2101
    You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect
    rommon 2 >
    The value is always interpreted as hexadecimal. The new virtual configuration 
    register value is written into NVRAM but does not take effect until you reset or 
    reboot the router.
    Changing the Configuration Register Using Prompts
    Entering confreg without an argument displays the contents of the virtual 
    configuration register and a prompt to alter the contents by describing the 
    meaning of each bit. 
    In either case, the new virtual configuration register value is written into NVRAM 
    but does not take effect until you reset or reboot the router.
    The following display shows an example of entering the confreg command:
    rommon 7> confreg
     
         Configuration Summary
    enabled are:
    console baud: 9600 
    						
    							 
    Appendix B      ROM Monitor
    Console Download
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    78-5372-06 boot: the ROM Monitor
     
    do you wish to change the configuration? y/n  [n]:  y
    enable  “diagnostic mode”? y/n  [n]:  y
    enable  “use net in IP bcast address”? y/n  [n]:  
    enable  “load rom after netboot fails”? y/n  [n]:  
    enable  “use all zero broadcast”? y/n  [n]:  
    enable  “break/abort has effect”? y/n  [n]:  
    enable  “ignore system config info”? y/n  [n]:  
    change console baud rate? y/n  [n]:  y
    enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400  [0]:  0
    change the boot characteristics? y/n  [n]:  y
    enter to boot:
     0 = ROM Monitor
     1 = the boot helper image
     2-15 = boot system
        [0]:  0
     
    Configuration Summary
    enabled are:
    diagnostic mode
    console baud: 9600
    boot: the ROM Monitor
     
    do you wish to change the configuration? y/n  [n]:  
     
     
    You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect
    Console Download
    You can use console download, a ROM monitor function, to download over the 
    router console port either a software image or a configuration file. Make sure that 
    the Cisco IOS image is in the same PC where you are to perform this function. 
    After download, the file is either saved to the mini-Flash memory module or to 
    main memory for execution (image files only).
    Use console download when you do not have access to a TFTP server.
    NoteIf you want to download a software image or a configuration file to the router over 
    the console port, you must use the ROM monitor command. 
    						
    							 
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    Appendix B      ROM Monitor
    Console Download
    Note If you are using a PC to download a Cisco IOS image over the router console port 
    at 115,200 bps, ensure that the PC serial port is using a 16550 universal 
    asynchronous transmitter/receiver (UART). If the PC serial port is not using a 
    16550 UART, we recommend using a speed of 38,400 or less when downloading 
    a Cisco IOS image over the console port.
    Command Description
    The following are the syntax and descriptions for the xmodem console download 
    command:
    xmodem [-cyrx] destination_file_name
    cOptional. Performs the download using 16-bit cyclic 
    redundancy check (CRC-16) error checking to validate 
    packets. Default is 8-bit CRC.
    yOptional. Sets the router to perform the download using 
    Ymodem protocol. Default is Xmodem protocol. The 
    protocols differ as follows:
    Xmodem supports a 128-block transfer size. Ymodem 
    supports a 1024-block transfer size.
    Ymodem uses CRC-16 error checking to validate each 
    packet. Depending on the device that the software is being 
    downloaded from, this function might not be supported by 
    Xmodem.
    rOptional. Image is loaded into DRAM for execution. Default 
    is to load the image into Flash memory.
    xOptional. Image is loaded into DRAM without being executed.
    destination_
    file_nameThe name of the system image file or the system configuration 
    file. In order for the router to recognize it, the name of the 
    configuration file must be router_confg. 
    						
    							 
    Appendix B      ROM Monitor
    Debug Commands
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    Follow the steps below to run Xmodem:
    Step 1Move the image file to the local drive where the Xmodem will execute.
    Step 2Enter the xmodem command.
    Error Reporting
    Because the ROM monitor console download uses the console to perform the data 
    transfer, error messages are displayed on the console only when the data transfer 
    is terminated. 
    If an error does occur during a data transfer, the transfer is terminated, and an 
    error message is displayed. If you have changed the baud rate from the default 
    rate, the error message is followed by a message telling you to restore the terminal 
    to the baud rate specified in the configuration register. 
    Debug Commands
    Most ROM monitor debugging commands are functional only when the Cisco 
    IOS software has crashed or is halted. If you enter a debugging command and 
    Cisco IOS crash information is not available, you see the following error 
    message:
    xxx: kernel context state is invalid, cannot proceed.
    The following are ROM monitor debugging commands:
    stack or k—produces a stack trace; for example:
    rommon 6> stack
    Stack trace:
    PC = 0x801111b0
    Frame 00: FP = 0x80005ea8    PC = 0x801111b0
    Frame 01: FP = 0x80005eb4    PC = 0x80113694
    Frame 02: FP = 0x80005f74    PC = 0x8010eb44
    Frame 03: FP = 0x80005f9c    PC = 0x80008118
    Frame 04: FP = 0x80005fac    PC = 0x80008064
    Frame 05: FP = 0x80005fc4    PC = 0xfff03d70 
    						
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