CablePipeFault Advanced Locator 2250M2273M Series User Manual

							78-8130-6150-0 Rev G 31
 
− There are two options for measuring depth. 
Live depth is a continuous measurement. 
1-Shot Depth is an averaging of the depth 
reading over a short period of time. When in 
1-Shot mode, the unit will average the depth 
reading for three seconds, and then display 
the result on the display. Press Depth [SK] to 
alternate between the two modes.
 
− Five depth readings can be saved with the 
time, date and relative current measurements.
3.  Pressing  Save [SK] will place each entry in sequential order in memory (M1 - M5) 
until five readings have been stored. The unit will overwrite saved entries in excess 
of five, beginning with M1.
4.  Press  Clear All  [SK] to delete all stored depth 
information.
 
− The operator may select the memory location 
to store the depth readings by pressing Mem 
Select [SK]. When the preferred location 
appears on the display, press Save [SK]. The 
display and memory location will populate 
with the current information.
 
− Each memory location can be reviewed by 
pressing Mem Select [SK].
5.  Press  Locate/OK [5] to return to Locate Mode.
9. Locating Frequencies
A.  Active Frequencies
Active frequencies are trace signals supplied by a 3M™ Dynatel™ Transmitter 2200 
Series (577 Hz, 8 kHz, 33 kHz, or 200 kHz).
1.  Select the same frequency that the transmitter is generating.
2.  Press  Locate/OK  [5]
3.  Press  Cable/Pipe  [SK]
4.  Press  Freq [SK]
5.  Press  Active  [SK Toggle] until the desired frequency is displayed in the soft key 
command [9] (“Active” 577, 8K, 33K or 200K)
6.  Press  Locate/OK  [5] to return to Locate mode. 
						

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B. Power Frequencies
Power frequencies refer to 50 or 60 Hz signals, and their harmonics, that can be traced 
without the use of a transmitter.
60:  Best for general locating of passive power. 
60H (high harmonic): If the 60 choice appears to be responding slowly, or poorly, then 
60H is the second choice for locating of passive power.
60L (low harmonic): Third choice for passive power locating. May be used when 60 or 
60L is weak or erratic. 60L may be the best choice when locating primary power cables.
120 Hz: Used for locating rectified AC power signals, often found on pipelines using 
impressed current cathodic protection.
1.  Press  Locate/OK  [5]
2.  Press  Cable/Pipe  [SK]
3.  Press  Freq [SK]
4.  Press  Power  [SK Toggle] until the desired frequency is displayed in the soft key 
command [9] (“Power” 60, 60L, 60H, or 120).
5.  Press  Locate/OK  [5] to return to Locate mode.
All U.S. receivers default to 60 Hz.
To set the receiver to detect 50 Hz signals refer to Enabling/Disabling Frequencies  
section of this manual.
C.  Passive Frequencies
The receiver (without a 3M™ Dynatel™ Transmitter 2200 Series) can be used to detect 
some CATV cables (31.5 kHz). (A horizontal-scan television NTSC must be turned on to 
generate this frequency.)
1.  Press  Locate/OK  [5]
2.  Press  Cable/Pipe  [SK]
3.  Press  Freq [SK]
4.  Press  Pasv [SK Toggle]
5.  Press  Locate/OK  [5] to return to Locate mode.
D. Auxiliary Frequencies
Auxiliary frequencies are signals generated from remote location transmitters, or 
frequency generating transmitters.
1.  Press  Locate/OK  [5]
2.  Press  Cable/Pipe  [SK]
3.  Press  Freq [SK] 
						

							78-8130-6150-0 Rev G 33
4. Press  Aux [SK Toggle] until the desired frequency is displayed in the softkey 
command [9] (“Aux” 512, 560, 333 Hz, or user defined frequencies).
5.  Press  Locate/OK  [5] to return to Locate mode.
10. Locating in Directional Peak Mode
The following are instructions for locating a buried pipe or cable using the direct connect 
method and the directional peak (Dir Pk) mode. Other methods of connection and 
tracing modes/features are explained in previous sections.
1.  Insert the ground rod into the ground, perpendicular to the suspected target path.
2. Remove the grounding from the near-end of the target cable/pipe.
Note: Never connect or disconnect the transmitter when the unit is on.
3.  Connect the red lead of the transmitter to the shield, neutral, or deenergized target 
conductor.
4.  Connect the black lead of the transmitter to the ground rod.
5.  Perform a battery check by pressing and holding off [T-1].
6.  Power on the transmitter by pressing Ohms  [T-2] once for Ohm-meter mode. An 
indicator flag will be displayed above the ohms symbol (Ω) in the  Digital Display 
[T-4].
a.  A solid tone from the transmitter indicates a complete circuit with a good 
ground.
b.  A beeping tone from the transmitter indicates a usable ground. An attempt 
should be made to improve the ground.
c.  No tone from the transmitter indicates a poor, or no ground. The transmitter will 
display ‘OL’ in this instance. An attempt should be made to improve the ground. 
Verify that the far end is grounded.
7.  Press  Trace  [T-3] to set the transmitter to Trace mode.
8.  Select a frequency on the transmitter by pressing Trace  [T-3]. The unit will cycle 
through the available frequencies (577, 8K, 33K, 200K, and ALL).
9.  Press  On/Off (Power) [1] to power on the receiver.
10.  Press  Locate/OK  [5].
11.  Press  Cable/Pipe  [SK]. 
						

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12. Set the Frequency and mode of the receiver.
a. Press  Freq [SK]
b.  Select the same frequency on the receiver 
as the transmitter by pressing Active  [SK 
Toggle].
c.  Press  Locate/OK  [5] to save the setting and 
return to locate mode.
d.  Press  Mode  [SK Toggle] until Dir Pk is 
displayed.
13.  Stand away from the suspected target path and adjust the Gain  [4] down until the 
bar graph opens completely.
14.  Walk in a wide circle with your back toward the transmitter (about 10 to 15 feet 
(3–4.5 m) away).
 
− Watch the receiver display and listen to the signal. Take note of where the 
receiver detects the strongest Signal Strength [10].
 
− The bar graph will close when the unit detects a signal, and the arrows 
will reverse.
 
− Adjust the Gain [4] down if the bar graph closes completely.
 
− The Signal Strength [10] numbers on the display will change with the signal 
strength (smaller, as you walk away from the target path; larger, as you approach 
the target path).
 
− Make a complete circle around the transmitter. Return to each point in the circle 
that the receiver detected.
15.  Measure the depth and current of each point to identify the target path. The depth 
of the target path should be as expected and the relative current should compare 
to the relative current that is alternately flashing with the frequency value on the 
transmitter.
Note: The relative current reading will decrease steadily as the locator moves away 
from the transmitter. When using higher frequencies, this decline is more evident.
16.  Adjust the gain so that the bar graph responds to the target path (open when off 
path, almost completely closed when directly over target).
17.  Trace the cable/pipe at a slow walk while moving the receiver in a side-to-side 
motion, keeping the receiver perpendicular to the ground.
18.  Measure the depth and current occasionally to verify target path. 
						

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Note: In order to measure the depth and current accurately, the operator must 
pinpoint the target pipe or cable, and the receiver handle should be in-line with the 
target path.
 
− While in Dir Pk mode, find the highest Signal Strength [10].
 
− Lower the tip of the receiver to the ground. Twist the receiver left and right 
while watching the signal strength.
 
− When the highest Signal Strength [10] reading is displayed, the handle of the 
receiver is in line with the target pipe or cable.
Occasionally, a signal will appear on adjacent cables or pipes. Compare the relative 
and actual current readings (value that is under the relative current value and in mA 
units) over each path to help determine the target path. Current readings will be 
significantly less on the adjacent cable compared to the target path.
19.  As tracing proceeds, remember that the most powerful signal is near the transmitter. 
As the receiver gets farther away from the transmitter the Signal Strength [10] 
decreases. It may be necessary to readjust the gain as needed to ensure that there is 
adequate signal for the receiver to operate. Press the Gain  [4] up or down when the 
Bar Graph [11] is no longer visible (too little signal) or when the Bar Graph [11] is 
closed (too much signal).
20.  Trace the path until you reach a logical termination point (i.e.: terminal, meter, 
cabinet, etc).
11. Locating Active Duct Probes (Sondes)
1.  Press On/Off [1] on the receiver.
2.  Press  Locate/OK  [5].
3.  Press  Cable/Pipe  [SK].
4.  Press  Mode  [SK Toggle] to select Special Peak (Spl Pk).
5.  Press  Freq [SK].
6.  Press  Active  [SK Toggle] to select the 33kHz frequency (for a 33 kHz Sonde 
or  Active Duct Probe (ADP)).
7.  Press  Locate/OK  [5].
8.  With the receiver handle perpendicular to the conduit path, locate the ADP position 
by moving along the path until the strongest signal is found. Adjust Gain  [4] up or 
down  when the bar graph remains either fully open or fully closed.
9.  Refer to the ADP operating instructions for further information.
A. Determining ADP Depth
1.  Place the tip of the receiver on the ground directly above the located ADP position.
2.  Maintain the handle orientation perpendicular to the target path.
3.  Press  Depth [SK] in the Cable Locate display. 
						

							 36 78-8130-6150-0 Rev G
4. Press  Sonde Depth [SK] to read ADP Depth
 
− The depth to the ADP is displayed in units, 
as specified in the receiver set up menu.
 
− Five Sonde depth readings can be saved 
with the time and date measured. Press Mem 
Select [SK] after the Sonde depth displays.
 
− Press Mem Select [SK] to select a specific 
memory location (M1-M5) or select Save 
[SK]. Save [SK] will place each entry in 
sequential order in memory (M1–M5) until 
five readings have been stored. The unit will 
overwrite saved entries in excess of five, 
beginning with M1.
5.  Press  Clear All  [SK] to delete all saved depth readings.
6.  Press  Mem Select  [SK] to select the memory location to store the depth readings.
7.  When the preferred location appears on the display, press Save [SK]. The display 
and memory location will populate with the current information.
8.  Each memory location can be reviewed by pressing Mem Select  [SK].
9.  Press  Cable Depth [SK] to switch to the cable depth display, or Locate/OK  [5] to 
return to Locate Mode.
Note: During a depth measurement, the display will exhibit ‘- -’ when the received 
signal is too low, too high or erratic.
12.  Locating Buried Sheath Faults and 
Earth Return Faults 
(3M™ Dynatel™ Models 2273M and 2273M-iD only)
Note: Remove (disconnect) both the near-end and far-end grounding from the test 
section. Fault location will not work unless the near-end and far-end grounds are 
disconnected.
Note: This method only works on direct buried cables/conductors. It will\
 not work if 
the cables/conductors are faulted inside of a conduit, such as a PVC con\
duit.
A.  Transmitter Setup
Note: Do not make any connections while the transmitter is on.
1.  Attach the red clip to the earth-faulted conductor of the cable or condu\
ctor under test.
2.  Place the ground rod behind the transmitter and in parallel with the target path.
3.  Connect the black clip to the ground rod behind the transmitter and in parallel with 
the target path.
4.  Press and hold off [T-1] to perform a battery test. 
						

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5. Press  on: Ohm-meter/Fault Locate/Tone [T-2] to turn the transmitter on and place 
the transmitter in Ohm-meter mode.
 
− The resistance of the fault will be displayed in ohms on the transmitter Digital 
Display [T-4].
 
− Resistance less than 50KΩ = Significant fault exists
 
− Resistance 50KΩ to 1.0MΩ = High resistance fault exists (May or may not 
cause problems yet, but gets worse with time.)
 
− Resistance greater than 1.0MΩ = No significant fault exists
Note: The fault locating limit is 2.0MΩ, although the transmitter's ohm-meter mode 
can display a fault resistance up to 10MΩ.  
− Note: The fault locating limit is 2.0MΩ, although the transmitter's ohm-meter 
mode can display a fault resistance up to 10MΩ.
6.  Press on: Ohm-meter/Fault Locate/Tone [T-2] again, to select Fault Locate mode.
 
− The Indicator Flag will turn on under the fault icon in the Digital Display [T-4] 
(as shown in the illustration below)
B.  Pinpointing the Buried Fault
1.  Connect the 3M™ Earth Contact Frame (also known as an A-Frame) to the External 
Jack  [14] ([13] on 2250M) of the receiver using the earth frame cable (4 ft. (1.2m) 
cable).
2.  Press  On/Off (Power) [1] to power on the receiver. The receiver display screen will 
display  "Fault Calibrating"  for about 5 seconds.
3.  Press  Locate/OK  [5].
4.  Press  Fault  [SK] to select Fault mode.
5.  Hold the receiver in one hand and the Earth Contact Frame in the other with the 
solid green-banded leg of the frame toward the test section. Near the location of 
the ground rod (about one Earth Contact Frame width away from the ground rod, 
slightly to the side and towards the faulted cable), insert the Earth Contact Frame 
probes fully into the ground in line with the target path.
6.  Press  Ref [SK] to record the fault level reference signal. The signal level will be 
recorded in the box above Ref  [SK] on the display. This reference indicates the 
Signal Strength [10] level at the ground rod. When the operator reaches the major 
fault location, the Signal Strength [10] indicated on the receiver will be very close 
(within 12dB) to this reference signal level. 
						

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7. Continue along the cable path, re-inserting the 3M™ Earth Contact Frame probes 
every few steps while watching the receiver bar graph. The bar graph on the 
receiver will fill toward the right side of the display (green Fault Finding Direction 
Indicator [13] (See illustration below)), indicating that the fault is ahead of the 
operator (in the direction of the green-banded leg of the Earth Contact Frame).
Transmitter Signal
Ground Fault location
Green Band
Red-and-White-Striped Band
Move in direction of red-banded leg of 
3M™ Earth Contact Frame.
Move in direction of green-banded leg of 
3M™ Earth Contact Frame.
8. When the bar graph fills toward the left (red-and-white-striped  Fault Finding 
Direction Indicator [13] (See illustration above)) side of the display, the fault has 
been passed and is now behind the operator. Move back, inserting the Earth Contact 
Frame every few inches, until the arrows alternate back to green. Mark the point 
beneath the center of the frame. Turn the Earth Contact Frame 90 degrees and insert 
into the ground over the previously marked point. Move the Earth Contact Frame 
to the left and right (following the directions of the green and red indicator arrows). 
When the arrows reverse a third time, turn the Earth Contact Frame 90 degrees 
again. Pinpoint the fault by moving the Earth Contact Frame in the direction of the 
green and red arrows. The fault is located beneath the center of the Earth Contact 
Frame when the arrows change from one side to the other this time.
9.  To verify the fault location, insert the Earth Contact Frame’s red-and-white-striped 
probe directly on the spot identified above. Pivot the Earth Contact Fra\
me in a 
circle around the red-and-white-striped leg re-inserting the green-bande\
d leg in the 
ground every few degrees of the circle (Figure 2). The arrow should always point 
toward the left (red) indicating that the fault is directly below the \
red-and-white-
striped leg.   
						

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10. After a fault is located and pinpointed, move the 3M™ Earth Contact Frame about 
one Earth Contact Frame width away from the fault and insert it in the ground with 
the green-banded leg towards the fault. Compare the numeric signal level with the 
fault level reference signal indicated in the lower left box labeled  Ref. If the reading 
is within 12 dB of the reference signal, the operator has found the major fault. If 
the fault reading does not fall within 12 db of the reference signal reading, multiple 
faults may exist. The signal level of this secondary fault can be saved by pressing 
Fault 1 [SK] or Fault 2 [SK]. The fault with the highest reading will be the primary 
fault.
Note: For additional information about locating buried sheath faults and earth return 
faults, please see the 3M publication Cable and Pipe Locating Techniques at www.3M.
com/dynatel.
13.  Locating 3M™ Electronic Markers and 
3M
™ iD Markers
(3M™ Dynatel™ Models 2250M-iD and 2273M-iD only)
A.  Enabling/Disabling Marker Types
Menu [6] + >>More [SK:4] + Setup [SK:6] + >>More [SK:6d] + Marker Type [SK:6f]
The unit will default with all markers enabled (✓).
1.  Press the up/down arrows [SK] to highlight a 
utility to enable or disable.
2.  Press  Enabl/Disabl  [SK].
 
− Only the markers that are enabled () will 
be available in the locate mode.
3.  Press  Locate/OK  [5] to save settings or Exit 
[SK] to cancel.
B.  Alert Mode
While tracing a cable or pipe, it is possible to search for markers.
1.  Press  Alert [SK].
 
− If the unit is in Dir Pk, DirNull or Ind Pk, 
a prompt will notify the operator that alert 
mode only functions in Special Peak  
(Spl Pk) mode.
2.  Press  Mode [SK Toggle] for Spl Pk.
3.  Press  Alert On [SK Toggle]. 
						

							 40 78-8130-6150-0 Rev G
 
− The receiver display will add the Alert bar 
graph and the type of marker to the display 
with a prompt to adjust the marker gain.
4.  Press the Gain [4] until only a small mark on 
the marker bar graph is visible.
5.  Press  Locate/OK  [5] to save the marker gain 
setting.
 
− The display will return to Special Peak Cable 
Locate / Alert On.
 
− If the selected type of utility marker is 
detected, a second audio tone will emit from 
the unit and the marker bar graph will fill. 
The marker utility will default to the last 
type of marker set in marker locate mode.
6.  Press  Locate/OK  [5] + Marker  [SK] + Marker 1 
[SK Toggle] to change the type of marker that 
the unit will detect in alert mode.
7.  Press  Locate/OK [5] and then Cable/Pipe  [SK] 
to return to the locate mode with the newly 
selected marker type now visible on the display. 
Adjust the Gain [4] again (per Step 4 above) 
and then press Locate/OK [5].
C.  Single Marker Locate
1.  Press  Locate/OK  [5]
2.  Press  Marker  [SK]
3.  Press  Markr 1 [SK Toggle] to select desired 
utility.
4.   Markr 2 should be OFF.
Note: Only the marker types enabled in the setup 
menu will be shown. (See Enabling/Disabling 
Marker types, Section 13A). When scanning for 
markers, the gain level [12] should be set high.  
− When a marker is detected, adjust the Gain 
[4] down until the bar graph opens.
 
− The bar graph will close, the audio will 
be steady, and the Signal Strength will be 
maximum when the receiver detects a marker 
of the specified utility and has pinpointed its 
location.