AOR AR5000 Wideband Reciever Instructions

							AR5000 OPERATING MANUAL          PAGE 21
Select receive bandwidth:  For point-to-point
communications a bandwidth of 15 kHz usually provides
best results, however if adjacent channel interference is
experienced a bandwidth of 6 kHz may provide better
results.  Press 
  t
o access the I.F. bandwidth
menu then use the SUB DIAL to make the selection (in this
example select 15 kHz).  Press 
 
to accept the
selection and return to VFO mode.
If the MAIN DIAL is rotated the frequency will increment in
10 kHz steps but the trailing 1.25 kHz will remain in place...
27.60125 MHz, 27.61125 MHz, 27.62125 MHz etc.
The trailing digits will not be set to zero enabling tracking
of unusual band plans.
The MAIN DIAL follows the adjusted frequency
bandplan while the 
SUB DIAL kills the trailing digits
and steps rigorously in round numbers.
To cancel step-adjust
The easiest way to cancel step-adjust is to return to
AUTOMODE, press and hold the 
 
key for more
than one second.  Step-adjust will be cancelled and the
frequency will hop to the nearest whole increment as
determined by the automode bandplan data.
You may also cancel step-adjust using the STEP MENU.
Press 
 
to activate the step menu.  If step-adjust is
active, the legend “*” will be displayed on the left of the
LCD.  Press 
 
to toggle the step-adjust facility On/
Off.  To accept the change to OFF, press 
 
to return
to VFO mode.
Another example:
If the frequencies you need to search are allocated as:
145.210 145.224 145.238 145.252 145.266 145.280
145.294 145.308
Check the stepping size at first:
145.224 - 145.210 = 0.014  STEP SIZE
To enter this step size and data using the 
easiest method!
First key in the start frequency while in VFO mode:
      
Select the step menu by pressing 
Key in the required step size:   
Select step-adjust by pressing the  key, the legend
“*” appears on the left of the LCD to confirm selection.
Complete the entry by pressing 
The MAIN DIAL will now tune the receiver in 14 kHz steps
with the trailing offset maintained.  The SUB DIAL tunes the
receiver in 14 kHz steps but clears the offset to a round
number (i.e. zero).Note: You may review the step-adjust value quite simply...
While in VFO mode, press 
 followed by  to
access the step-adjust sub menu.  In the above example
the step-adjust value will be 2.0 kHz, refer to the following
text for the mathematical explanation... 
this is not
essential but makes good bedtime reading!!!
Application of arithmetic for the step-adjust
For those who wish further information on the
mathematics involved... the AR5000 works this out for
you automatically!  The following examples should explain
how the step-adjust works in theory.
If the frequencies you need to search are allocated as:
145.210 145.224 145.238 145.252 145.266 145.280
145.294 145.308 (MHz)
Check the stepping size at first:
145.224 - 145.210 = 0.014  STEP SIZE (MHz)
Now you have found that each frequency is allocated
with a 0.014 MHz (14kHz) spacing you now have to
calculate the value of the internal processing frequency:
145.210 / 0.014 = 10372.14285
This should be rounded as 10372 INTERNAL
PROCESSING VALUE
To obtain the internal processing frequency, multiply the
STEP SIZE by the INTERNAL PROCESSING VALUE:
0.014 x 10372 = 145.208  INTERNAL PROCESSING
FREQUENCY (in MHz).
Now calculate the STEP-ADJUST VALUE by subtracting
the INTERNAL PROCESSING FREQUENCY from the
DESIRED FREQUENCY:
145.210 - 145.208 = 0.002 (MHz)  = 2 kHz
STEP-ADJUST VALUE
It can be concluded that a step-adjust value of 2 kHz is
required.
In order to step through the above frequency
allocation you need to apply a STEP SIZE OF 14 kHz
with a 2 kHz STEP-ADJUST.
To apply a step size of 14 kHz and step-adjust of 2kHz:
Select VFO mode by pressing 
, select the desired
VFO (displayed in the right hand lower corner of the LCD).
Press 
 to activate the STEP select menu.
Press 
 to select STEP-ADJUST.  The legend
“*” will appear on the left of the display to confirm selection
of step-adjust.
Key in the required step size for tuning (14 kHz in this
example) by pressing 
  
Press the  
key to select the step-adjust entry menu.
The “STEP-ADJ” legend will flash in the middle of the 
						

							PAGE  22          AR5000 OPERATING MANUAL
LCD inviting you to enter the value for step-adjust (2 kHz
in the example).  Press 
 
Press  once more to return to VFO mode.  You
will note the static legend “STEP-ADJ” to confirm that
step-adjust is in operation.
Key in the start frequency (145.210 MHz in this example)
by pressing 
       .
Change frequency using the 
MAIN DIAL,  or 
keys to confirm correct operation.
6-8  FREQUENCY OFFSET
This facility enables receive frequency to be quickly
SHIFTED (two key presses) by pre-determined margin,
which makes it easy to track duplex-transmissions or check
repeater inputs / outputs.
Offset frequencies may be factory pre-programmed into
the automode bandplan data for some world market areas.
Frequency offset may also be programmed manually.
Setting up an OFFSET FREQUENCY
Before the FREQUENCY OFFSET facility can be used,
it first needs to be configured (unless factory programmed
for certain bands).
1.  To activate the frequency offset set-up menu press
 
then press and hold the  
key for more than
one second.
Example of display:
OFF
+ 45.000000   02
+ 0.600000    01
Offset frequency can be selected between the ranges of
0 to 999.999999 MHz and OFF.  Available offset
frequencies can be allocated into special storage locations
numbered from 01 to 47.  Number 00 is always treated
as OFF and cannot be overwritten.
Locations 20 to 47 are reserved for factory pre-
programming.  These locations may be recalled and the
positive / negative frequency shift altered using the 
key but new numeric frequency offsets may not be stored.
Locations 01 to 19 are available for the operator to store
new frequency offsets.
00             OFF
01 ~ 19    Available for storage of new offsets
20 ~ 47    Reserved for factory pre-programming
Having a number of frequency offset set-ups programmed
ready for retrieval makes the facility even more useful
when changing between frequency bands which have
different duplex or repeater frequency offsets.2.  While the “FR-OFS” legend is flashing on the display
to indicate that the frequency offset menu has been
selected, rotate the SUB DIAL to select a new (blank) location
(i.e. 02).
3. Enter the offset frequency via the numeric keypad in
MHz  (i.e. for 600 kHz press 
  .  The LCD
will return to VFO, MEMORY, SCAN or SEARCH mode,
whichever was previously in use.
4.  If editing a previously stored offset frequency it is
possible to select whether the offset should be up (+) or
down (-) from the displayed frequency.  If the frequency
entered was new, simply re-enter the setup mode by
pressing 
 
then holding the  
key for more than
one second.  Press 
 
to toggle the direction of the
offset either “+” or “-”, confirmation will be displayed on
the LCD.  To accept any changes press 
Note:  The direction of frequency offset “+” or “-” selected
using the 
 key has global effect on all OFFSET
locations.  The default is “+”.
Activating frequency offset
To activate frequency offset press 
 .  The
legend “FR-OFS” will be displayed on the LCD above the
“MHz” legend to confirm operation.  The displayed receive
frequency will change to reflect the offset value and the
receiver will monitor the new displayed frequency.
To deactivate frequency offset key 
  again, the
“FR-OFS” legend will be removed from the LCD and the
receiver will revert to the original frequency.  See above
(item 4) for selection of “+” or “-” offset.
Note:  The use of frequency offset will take the AR5000
out of automode.  To reactivate automode press and hold
the 
 
key for more than one second, the legend
“AUTO” appears on the LCD to confirm that automode
has been reactivated.
Frequency offset with memory channels
All of the above may appear rather long-winded, however
the facility comes into its own when the frequency offset
is stored into memory along with other data such as receive
frequency, mode etc during normal memory write (see
section 7 of this manual), no special sequence is required.
When written to memory both the frequency offset and
direction of offset are stored for quick recall.
6-9  Changing receive mode (AUTOMODE)
As mentioned earlier in this manual, the specification for
step and mode are allocated by departments of
Government following International discussions.  Like step
size, the receive mode has been pre-programmed at the
factory to simplify operation of the receiver while you
familiarise yourself with all the facilities.
Should you wish, the defaults may be manually overridden
at any time so that an alternative receive mode can be 
						

							AR5000 OPERATING MANUAL          PAGE 23
used on any frequency within the set’s range.
In normal operation AUTOMODE should be used.  The
legend “AUTO” is displayed above the right hand (last)
digit of the frequency readout when automode is in
operation.
Activating AUTOMODE
To activate automode, press and hold the 
 
key for
more than one second.  The receive mode, I.F. filter
bandwidth, step, step-adjust and frequency offset will then
be automatically read from the automode bandplan data
pre-programmed at the factory for each specific world
market area.
Manually changing any of the parameters held by the
automode bandplan data will cancel automode operation.
To reinstate automode press and hold the 
 key for
more than one second again.
Selecting automode will cancel any user defined items
from the following list and select them automatically from
the AR5000 bandplan data:
w Receive mode
w Offset frequency
w IFBW
w LPF
w HPF
w De-emphasis
w Tuning step
w Step-adjust
w AGC
The automode bandplan information can only be
programmed at the factory or via a specialised computer
program.
Manually changing receive mode
To change receive mode and override automode, briefly
press the 
 key.  The “MODE” legend will flash on
the LCD to confirm that the mode select menu has been
activated.  The following modes are available from the
MODE menu:  “AUTO”, “FM”, “AM”, “LSB”, “USB” and
“CW”.
If automode is currently in use, the legend “AUTO” will
be displayed on the LCD.
To escape from the menu press 
The SUB DIAL is used to change mode.  When you have
made your selection, press 
 
to accept the new
mode.  The display will revert to VFO mode and the
AR5000 will receive in the selected receive mode.
Automode will have been cancelled and the “AUTO”
legend will not be displayed on the LCD.
Each of the five VFOs (“VA”, “VB”, “VC”, “VD”, “VE”)
can hold different modes, it is suggested that one be left
on AUTOMODE for general tuning and others set to
specific modes for specialist listening applications.
Remember: To reinstate automode press and hold the
 key for more than one second.
Although any receive mode may be selected at any
frequency within the receiver’s frequency coverage,
generally speaking the following modes will apply:
AM
Amplitude Modulation - Used by broadcast services
throughout the world on long wave, medium wave and
short wave.  AM is also used by VHF civil airband, UHF
military airband and some PMR (Private Mobile Radio)
and utility services.
FM
There are two common types of FM (Frequency
Modulation), these are:
NFM - Narrow Band Frequency Modulation - this provides
high quality communication for relatively short distance
operation.  FM uses a greater frequency bandwidth than
other modes such as SSB so is less efficient.
NFM is the most common mode used above 30 MHz with
the exception of the airbands.  NFM is widely used on the
VHF bands: VHF marine band, 2m amateur band
(145MHz), 70cm amateur band (433 MHz), PMR (Private
Mobile Radio) and utilities.
In the absence of a signal, the background white noise
may appear quite loud.  For ease of listening, the squelch
control should be rotated clockwise until the background
noise just disappears, this should be carried out while no
signal is present.  The point where the background noise
is cancelled is known as 
threshold point.  Do not advance
the squelch control more than necessary or the receiver
will appear to be desensitised and weaker signals will be
missed.
WFM - The AR5000 does not list WFM (Wide Band
Frequency Modulation) as a separate mode, it is simply a
product of the I.F. filter bandwidth selection.  Select a wide
filter such as 100 kHz or 220 kHz and the receiver will
use WFM.
Wide Band Frequency Modulation - used by VHF and
UHF broadcast stations as excellent audio quality is
available due to the relatively wide frequency bandwidth
employed.  Used only for local services such as VHF
Band-II stereo (received as mono on the AR5000) and
UHF TV sound channels. 
						

							PAGE  24          AR5000 OPERATING MANUAL
LSB
Lower Side Band - is a form of Single Side Band (SSB).
LSB tends 
not to be used commercially but is extensively
used by Radio Amateurs on frequencies below 10 MHz.
This assists the separation of Commercial and Amateur
users on traditionally shared bands and prevents them
from speaking to each other.
SSB is a very efficient method of transmission as the
unwanted second sideband and carrier have been
removed.  This allows the full transmitter power to be
employed in carrying useful information within the wanted
sideband.  As a result, greater distances are possible on
SSB and a smaller frequency bandwidth is required than
most other modes.
The AR5000 uses true carrier re-insertion and a dedicated
SSB I.F. filter so that voice becomes intelligible.  However
due to the complexities of SSB,  audio never sounds 100%
natural and often listeners comment on it sounding a little
like 
Donald Duck or Micky Mouse but this is normal and
with practice you soon become used to this characteristic.
This is not a criticism of the AR5000 and is applicable to
ALL SSB receivers in varying degrees... the AR5000
being very good.
Small tuning steps of 10 Hz (or 100 Hz at most) should
be used for tuning in LSB and other similar modes USB &
CW.
The SSB frequency display is not offset (like some other
units). However being such a compact wide band receiver,
it will not be unusual for the SSB display to be very slightly
off frequency when listening to known frequencies such
as VOLMET (airband weather forecast service).
USB
Upper Side Band -  The same comments apply as for
LSB.  By convention, Radio Amateurs also use USB above
10MHz.
All long range shipping and oceanic air traffic (as well as
long range military aircraft) use USB.  DATA modes such
as RTTY, SITOR, PACKET, FAX etc may be resolved
using USB.
CW
Continuous Wave - Often referred to as Carrier Wave or
Morse code (
dots and dashes).  Commonly used on the
short wave bands by radio amateurs toward the lower
end of each band allocation.  Some commercial use is
still made by shipping etc although its use is being phased
out due to the introduction of automated stations.  The
AR5000 has the provision for the operator to select the
frequency offset used by the receiver in CW mode using
the AF.SET menu.
Note about AGC (Automatic Gain Control)
If the AGC is not set appropriately, audio will sound
distorted.  The key sequence 
  
activates the
AGC menu.In FM mode the options are AGC ON / OFF and in other
modes are OFF, FAST, MIDDLE and SLOW.  When AGC
OFF has been selected, two horizontal bars “=“ are
displayed on the LCD between the kHz and MHz legends.
FM:AGC  OFF
AGC  ON
Other modes:AGC  OFF
AGC  FAST
AGC  MIDDLE
AGC  SLOW
Note: “AUT” for AUTO AGC will be displayed toward
the top right of the LCD if AUTOMODE is in operation,
the appropriate AGC selection will be made automatically
by the AR5000.
6-10  IF BANDWIDTH
The I.F. bandwidth selects how SELECTIVE the receiver
will be when monitoring signals off air.  However it is not
simply a case of using the narrowest filter at all times,
particular modes require differing amounts of bandwidth
in order to operate otherwise the receive system simply
will not produce intelligible sound!
Correct receive mode and IF bandwidth must always be
selected for optimum reception.  If the bandwidth selection
is too narrow, distortion or signal break-up may occur.  If
the bandwidth selection is too wide, adjacent interference
may be encountered.
For this reason, a selection of I.F. filter bandwidths are
fitted as standard.  Typical examples of receive mode and
IF bandwidth are:
FM 220kHz  VHF FM broadcast (110k may also be
             used - mono only)
FM 110kHz  TV audio (also VHF FM broadcast - in
                     mono only)
FM 100 or 30kHz  Wireless mic, etc  (30kHz for
                       satellite FAX too)
FM 15kHz  PMR, amateur band etc  FM 6 kHz may
                   also be used
AM 6kHz  VHF / UHF airband, short wave broadcast,
                 medium & long wave, PMR etc
USB/LSB 3kHz  Short wave amateur band, short wave
                            utility such as oceanic airband etc
CW 3kHz  (0.5kHz with optional filter fitted).  Morse
                  code used by radio amateurs and some
                  marine traffic on short wave
An appropriate IF filter is automatically selected when
automode is engaged.  However any combination of IF
filter and receive mode is possible in the MANUAL MODE.
When you have manually selected an IF filter bandwidth,
AUTOMODE will be disengaged, but the receive mode,
stepping size, etc will be retained until they are changed
manually. 
						

							AR5000 OPERATING MANUAL          PAGE 25
Manually selecting I.F. bandwidth.
The sequence 
  
activates the I.F. bandwidth
menu.
In normal operation the word “AUT” will be displayed in
the upper right of the LCD to signify that automode is in
operation and the I.F. bandwidth, receive mode and
channel step will be automatically selected by the AR5000
from its detailed pre-programmed bandplan data.
Selecting a new bandwidth from the list of 220, 110, 30,
15, 6 and 3 kHz is accomplished using the SUB DIAL, 0.5
kHz is only available if the optional CW filter has been
fitted.  To accept the new bandwidth selection press
Once automode has been cancelled, it may be reinstated
from the MODE select menu or by pressing and holding
the 
 
key for more than one second.
I.F. filter bandwidth table:
  Filter kHz Total nose Total skirt
                        (b’width kHz / dB)
   0.5(500Hz) opt 0.5   -3 2.0   -60
   2.5 opt 2.5   -3 5.2   -60
   3 2.4   -6 4.5   -60
   5.5 opt 5.5   -3 11.0  -60
   6 9.0   -6 20    -50
   15 15    -6 30    -50
   30 30    -6 70    -50
   110 140   -3 350   -20
   220 260   -3 520   -20
6-11  AF SET - (Audio characteristics)
It is possible to optimise the audio settings of the AR5000,
there are a total of 5 different settings relating to the audio
characteristics:
1)  Low pass filter        A-LPF   3.0 kHz
2)  High pass filter        A-HPF  0.3 kHz
3)  De-emphasis          DE.EMP  750
4)  CW pitch                 CW.PITCH 0.7 kHz
5)  Input switching        AUDIO INT
1  Audio Low Pass Filter
The audio low pass filter is useful to cut off high tones
(allowing low tones to pass) to improve intelligibility of weak
signals in close proximity to adjacent interference and to
remove 
hiss making listening for extended periods easier
on the ears.
There are four available cut off frequencies: 3.0 kHz,
4.0kHz, 6.0kHz & 12.0 kHz.  The lower the frequency the
more limited the audio bandwidth... for highest fidelity for
Band-II listening select 12.0 kHz.  If the filter selection has
been left to automode, the legend “AUT” will be displayed.
The audio low pass filter will initially be automatically
selected according to the IF bandwidth:
Bandwidth          Audio Low Pass Filter
0.5 kHz to 15 kHz             3.0 kHz
Above 30 kHz               12.0 kHz
The audio low pass filter selection is accessed via a
sub menu.
A-LPF 3.0 kHz   
						

							PAGE  26          AR5000 OPERATING MANUAL
The audio high pass filter selection is accessed via a
sub menu.
A-LPF 3.0 kHz
A-HPF 0.05 kHz  
						

							AR5000 OPERATING MANUAL          PAGE 27
3.  Press  to accept the changes,  to abort
or 
 to move on to the audio internal / external
selection.
6-12  Audio tone eliminator (T-ELMT)
Various utility radio users are permitted to transmit their
signals with an accompanying continuous tone (pilot tone)
which is over ridden by the operator ’s audio (voice).  This
type of tone is transmitted continuously in order to provide
advanced security for radio communication system and
to ensure that important radio links are in working order.
The AR5000 tone eliminator is used to eliminate many of
these tones to enable the squelch to close when in scan
& search modes preventing the AR5000 locking up on
unwanted busy channels.
VFO, memory, scan & search
The tone eliminator may be programmed independently
into each VFO, memory channel and search bank for
greatest flexibility, this prevents the scan and search
process from halting on unwanted signals... when the tone
eliminator is registered with a memory channel or search
bank, the scan & search process will ignore (skip) busy
frequencies which carry the specified tone frequency.
Selecting the required tone eliminator frequency
1  The tone eliminator is selected from the OPTION menu.
Press 
  
to access the menu then use the 
and  keys until the display shows “T-ELEM OFF”
(one press on the 
 key, the sequence will change if
the DESCRAMBLER or CTCSS options have been
installed).
DE-SCR OFF 
(if DS8000 option is fitted)
CTCSS OFF  (if CT5000 option is fitted)
DTMF OFF
T-ELMT OFF  
						

							PAGE  28          AR5000 OPERATING MANUAL
6-13  DTMF decoder
DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) tones are used by
many VHF/UHF communications services and amateur
radio operators to control switching devices and to enable
selective calling.  The AR5000 has the capability to decode
all 16 DTMF tones.
All 16 characters can be displayed including “1” to “0”,
“ABCD”, “#” and “*”.  The decoded DTMF characters will
automatically be displayed when the facility has been
enabled and will be removed from the display after
approximately 60 seconds (providing a transmission is
encountered using DTMF!).  (Note: Telephone services
do not normally use ABCD).
Frequency1209 1336 1447 1633
    697 1 2 3 A
    770 4 5 6 B
    852 7 8 9 C
    941  * 0# (=) D
Note:  The # symbol is displayed as “=“ on the AR5000
LCD.  If the DTMF tone consists of more than 10
characters, the LCD will scroll up the entire DTMF tone
set, overflowed characters will vanish and are not
retrievable unless an external display is used via the remote
RS232C port.
Selecting DTMF display
The operation of DTMF is 
global and affects VFO,
memory, scan & search operations and may be selected
ON or OFF.
1  DTMF ON/OFF is set & reviewed from the OPTION
menu.  Press 
  
to access the menu then use
the 
 
and  
keys until the display shows
“DTMF OFF”.  The sequence will change if the
DESCRAMBLER (DS8000) or CTCSS (CT5000) options
have been installed.
DE-SCR OFF 
(if DS8000 option is fitted)
CTCSS OFF  (if CT5000 option is fitted)
DTMF OFF  
						

							AR5000 OPERATING MANUAL          PAGE 29
The CONFIG menu provides access to: lamp, keypad
beep tone, external IF output, remote RS232 baud rate,
aerial automatic switching and internal / external
frequency reference.
6-16  CONFIG - LAMP
To switch the LCD backlight ON and OFF, the CONFIG
menu is used.  To access the CONFIG menu press
 .  The first item on the CONFIG menu is
“LAMP ON”.
LAMP ON  
						

							PAGE  30          AR5000 OPERATING MANUAL
Use the   keys to scroll through the menu
until the 
REMOTE BPS menu is displayed.
LAMP ON
BEEP 4
EXT-IF OFF
BPS  9600