Antares JVP user manual
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JVP UserÕs Manual21 Understanding Equalization The diagram below shows how analog hardware can be conÞgured to do the de-essing job. JVP uses a digital algorithm to implement the de-esser function. While the details of the algorithm are quite complex, the diagram above illustrates the functional relationships for the purposes of explanation. The details of using the de-esser Õs controls are explained in ÒThe De-esserÓ on page 33. Understanding Equalization While the subject of equalization is well understood by most people involved in digital audio, there are some facets of the technology which are not. One of these is the resolution of digital Þlters. The Þlters used in all hardware and software equalizers have less than 16 bits dynamic range, especially at low frequencies. Typically, the last 4 bits of the sixteen bit word contain noise and distortion, generated by the mathe- matics of the Þlter design. In most applications, this noise is inaudible. It is quite audible, however, in quiet passages that contain low frequency infor- mation. Many users are unaware of this problem or have simply accepted it. The manufacturers, for obvious reasons, have not been forthcoming regard- ing this ßaw. The algorithms used in JVPÕs equalizer are specially optimized for the Motorola DSP 56000 chip used in DigidesignÕs DSP cards. These algorithms have a true 140 dB (23 bit) dynamic range. This extraordinary performance is achieved by feeding back the errors generated by the equalization process, Sidechain Input In Out IN OUT COMPRESSOR HIGH PASS FILTER Only the sibilants pass through the highpass Þlter. When the input signal contains sibilant material, the output of the Þlter causes the compressor to com- press to signal. The compressor only oper- ates when a sibilant is present.
Introducing JVP 22JVP UserÕs Manual thereby correcting the errors to a high degree. JVPÕs equalizer gives perfor- mance unsurpassed by any DSP based equalizer in existence today. Filter Types JVPÕs equalizer contains Þve different Þlter types: Low Pass, Low Shelf, Peak/Notch, High Shelf, High Pass. Each Þlter type has its own characteris- tics and applications. The graphs used in the next section show the fre- quency response for each type with the settings used to generate the curves notated next to the graph. The details of using JVPÕs equalizer are covered in ÒThe Parametric EQÓ on page 40. Low Pass - High Pass Filters The low pass and high pass Þlters used in JVP have a 12 db per octave roll-off characteristic. This makes JVP very useful for attenuating sub-sonic noise, rumble, mike stand noise, high frequency hiss, and other environ- mental noises encountered in the recording process. Since these Þlters have Low Pass Filter Frequency: 1,000 Hz Gain: N/A Bandwidth: N/A
JVP UserÕs Manual23 Understanding Equalization a true 140 dB dynamic range, they are especially useful for mastering stereo Þles. Peak/Notch Filters JVPÕs peak/notch Þlters are useful in shaping the tone of solo instruments and complete mixes. Beside having a 140 dB dynamic range, their control ranges are also extraordinarily broad. The range of frequencies over which the Þlter has effect is called the bandwidth of the Þlter. The bandwidth of JVPÕs Þlters can be adjusted from between 0.1 to 4.0 octaves. The gain of the Þlters can be adjusted up to ± 24 dB. JVPÕs peak/notch Þlters can be used to shape the tone of an instrument or eliminate narrow band noises like hum. Because they can supply high gain and very narrow bandwidth, the Þlters can be used to accentuate the har- monics of many instrumental sounds and noises. High Pass Filter Frequency: 1,000 Hz Gain: + 12 dB Bandwidth: N/A
Introducing JVP 24JVP UserÕs Manual The graphs below show the effect of changing the bandwidth control of a peak/notch Þlter. Note: The bandwidth of the Þlter is the number of octaves included between the ±3 dB points on either side of the Þlter Õs center frequency. Shelving Filters Shelving Þlters are used as primarily as Òtone controlsÓ, cutting or boosting whole regions of the spectrum. A high shelf Þlter, for instance, acts by rais- ing or lowering the part of the spectrum above the cutoff frequency. In JVP, the cutoff frequency is the frequency at which the response curve is 3 dB below/above the Þnal gain of the Þlter. Peak/Notch Filter Frequency: 1,000 Hz Gain: + 12 dB Bandwidth: 1.0 octave Peak/Notch Filter Frequency: 1,000 Hz Gain: + 12 dB Bandwidth: 0.1 octave
JVP UserÕs Manual25 What Is A Multi-Tap Delay? The graphs below show the response of the high shelf and low shelf Þlters at +12 dB gain. Notice that the slope of the roll-off is 6 dB per octave. What Is A Multi-Tap Delay? Delay effects are often used to thicken or ÒfattenÓ a solo voice or instrumen- tal track. This thickening occurs because a copy or copies of the sound are delayed and added to the original, creating a more complex waveform. JVP contains a multi-tap delay which has six separately adjustable delayed sig- nals. In addition, a comb Þlter with adjustable feedback is added before the High Shelf Filter Frequency: 1,000 Hz Gain: + 12 dB Bandwidth: N/A Low Shelf Filter Frequency: 1,000 Hz Gain: + 12 dB Bandwidth: N/A
Introducing JVP 26JVP UserÕs Manual delay taps, to create even greater complexity. Using six taps, it is possible to create very complex textures from the most common material. JVP also allows you to use negative gain on the taps (the delayed signal has reversed polarity) for even more sound shaping possibilities. The illustrations below show the effect of using a multi-tap delay. For pur- poses of clarity, the input signal is a simple pulse. In a musical application, a copy of the instrumental or vocal sound would begin at each point (and at the same amplitude) as the pulses seen in the graph. The details of using the Delay FX module are discussed in ÒThe Delay FXÓ on page 44. JVP In The TDM Environment The TDM software environment is supported by NuBus hardware from Digidesign called the DSP Farm. Each DSP Farm card contains 4 DSP56001 chips on which JVP and other DSP plug-ins run. The TDM system requires that one chip on the DSP Farm be used for the Mixer plug-in which comes with ProTools. Assigning a large number of ProTools voices will sometimes require the use of two DSP chips on the DSP Farm. JVP makes the most efÞcient use of the remaining DSP chips by running four processes on two audio channels on one chip. Normally, this would Input Signal Input + 6 taps, + and - gain Input + 6 taps + feedback
JVP UserÕs Manual27 JVP In The TDM Environment take four DSP chips to accomplish. The illustration below shows the vari- ous DSP modules and the order in which processing occurs. The table below shows how many DSP chips are used as more JVP channels are allocated. Number of JVPs used Number of DSP chips allocated 2 mono to mono JVPs 1 2 mono to stereo JVPs 1 1 stereo to stereo JVP 1 1 mono to mono plus 1 mono to stereo JVP 2 NOTE: Sometimes TDM will post a warning dialog saying that there are an insufÞcient num- ber of DSP chips available when you have added a normally legal number of JVPs. This is because of the order in which TDM allocates the DSP chips as you add more inserts. If this occurs, de-assign a JVP or two and then re-assign them. This allows TDM to sort out its DSP allocation, allowing the greatest use of the available DSP chips. L R L ROut In De-esser EQDelay FX Level LevelParametric Comp Level MeterGain ReduxGain ReduxLevel Meter
Introducing JVP 28JVP UserÕs Manual General Controls JVP contains four powerful DSP tools in one easy-to-use interface. It is con- Þgured like a normal multi-effects processor with independent input and output level controls and metering with the DSP tools connected together in series. Input And Output Level Adjust JVP has high resolution level meters calibrated to a resolution of 0.25 dB per pixel with a total range of 45.5 dB. For stereo Þles, the level displayed is the maximum of both channels. The clipping indicator becomes lit when a sound greater than or equal to -0.08 dB is input to JVP. The indicator can be lit even when the window is not visible. To reset the clipping indicator, click on it. The level adjust sliders have a gain range of +24 db to -60 dB in 1 dB incre- ments. To zero the control, press and click in the area of the slot in which it travels. Input Level Meter Input Level ControlTool Bypass Button Tool Display Button Gain Reduction Indicator Processing Delay DisplayOutput Level Meter Output Level Control Input Gain (dB)Output Gain (dB) Clipping Indicator Setting Menu
JVP UserÕs Manual29 General Controls Tool Bypass Buttons Clicking on a Tool Bypass Button removes that tool from the signal path. This is useful for isolating the effect the tool is having on the Þnished sound. Clicking on all the Bypass buttons will leave only the input and out- put level adjust sliders in the signal path. Tool Display Buttons The interface for each of JVPÕs tools is contained on that toolÕs control page. To display the controls for a given tool, click on that toolÕs Display Button. The Tool Display Buttons work like radio buttons - only one can be active at a time. Gain Reduction Indicators The Gain Reduction Indicators associated with the De-esser and the Com- pressor enable you to see these tools running when you are viewing other pages. They have a 30 dB range and display the same information as the main Gain Reduction meters on the De-esser and Compressor pages. Setting Menu JVP has a Setting menu which allows you to store your most used JVP set-ups and recall them almost instantaneously. The Setting menu allows an unlimited number of ÒsnapshotsÓ of JVPÕs settings to be saved. This data is saved in the ÒJVP PreferencesÓ Þle in the SystemÕs ÒPreferencesÓ folder and are compatible with settings from the Sound Designer version of JVP. All settings on each tool including the input and output level settings can be saved and recalled using the Setting menu. To save settings in the Settings Menu, 1. Choose Save Settings AsÉ from the Setting menu. Tool Bypass Button Tool Display Button Gain Reduction Indicator
Introducing JVP 30JVP UserÕs Manual A dialog box appears requesting a setting name. 2. Type the name of the setting in the text box and click on Save. The settings are now saved under the name you typed. These settings appear at the bottom of the Setting menu. To recall the setting; 1. Choose the desired setting from the Setting menu. To delete the setting; 1. Choose Delete SettingsÉ from the Setting menu. A dialog appears with the list of the settings in the menu. 2. Scroll down to the desired setting and select it by clicking on it. You may select multiple settings for deletion by shift-clicking or click dragging over the items to be deleted. To make a non-contiguous selec- tion, press and click on the items to select them. Note that the control values of JVP remain unchanged. 3. Click on the Delete button.