Tascam Remote Control Unit RC-898 Owners Manual
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Section 7.2 - Unit-related functions 7-3 1) From menu group F, move the cursor to Key Mode , and press SELECT : 2) Use the UP or DOWN key to select between All and Individual. If you select Individual, only that unit cur- rently selected for control (see 5.1.1, “Selecting the unit to which operations refer”) will be con- trolled by the three keys mentioned above. If you select All, then all DTRS units connected will respond to the commands of the ALL SAFE , ALL INPUT and AUTO M O N keys. 7.2.3 Chasing with an offset It is not always required that the DTRS units are in perfect synchronization with each other. For instance, it may be that three DTRS units are being used for video post-production purposes. The dialog and Foley tracks of a project have been recorded on one DTRS tape (up to eight tracks), and the backing music has been recorded on two more tapes (16 tracks). Obviously, the units replaying the two music tapes should be synchro- nized to each other, but the music may need to be “slipped” relative to the dialog and Foley unit (which is, in turn, synchronized to the timecode on the video, as described in 8.1.8, “Chasing to external timecode”). Once the dialog and Foley is synchronized to the video timecode, “slipping” the two music units is accomplished in the following way: 1) From menu group 3, move the cursor to Mcn Offset and press SELECT : 2) Choose the first machine which will take the chase offset (in the illustration above, we show machine 2) by using the SHIFT and UP (NEXT ) keys.3) Use the numeric keypad to enter an offset value which is shown on the LOCATE TIME/VALUE display. The +/- key of the numeric keypad is used to change between positive and negative values. The offset value may be ± 2 hours relative to the master time. You can also use the cursor keys to enter a value directly on the display screen. The Auto Offset function described below can also be used to set the offset. 4) Transfer the value to the display screen by pressing and holding down the SHIFT key [23] and pressing the ENTER/LOAD key [20]. 5) Use the SHIFT and UP (NEXT ) keys to select any other units which will chase with an offset. When the master DTRS unit plays, the slave units should now chase at the offset value you have set up. If an offset value is set on any unit or units, and the Time Mode is set to ABS, the OFFSET indi- cator [10] will light. If you need to “fine-tune” these values, you can use the UP and DOWN keys to adjust the value of the offset while monitoring the playback of the units. If adjustment finer than a frame is required, it is suggested that you use the Track Delay function (see 7.1.1, “Track delay”). 7.2.4 Auto Offset function In addition to the manual offset entry, it is also possible to set an offset automatically by follow- ing the procedure below: 1) From menu group 3, move the cursor to McnOffset and press SELECT . Key Mode All Machine Offset Machine 2 +00:00:00:00 ABS NOTE There is an “invisible” field immediately to the right of the frames field. If you place the cursor there and increment or decrement the value, you can change the time as a whole (as the frame field passes its maximum value, the seconds field will increment).
Section 7.2 - Unit-related functions 7-4 2) Use the RIGHT key to move the cursor to a second “invisible” field to the right of the frames field. The display will appear as follows: 3) Locate the two tapes (master and slave) so that they have the right offset. You can play up the tapes and pause them once they have been lined up, or carry out the next step while either or both of the tapes is being replayed. 4) Press either the UP or DOWN key at the correct offset time to capture and store the offset. 7.2.5 Checking the offset The offset of a slave DTRS unit relative to its mas- ter may be checked (“absolute” difference), as well as the difference (if any) between the intended offset and the actual offset (“relative” difference). In practice, usually there will be no difference between the intended and actual offset, resulting in a relative difference of zero. As an example, consider the following: A slave machine has its offset set to +00:10:00:00, and while chasing, the two machines’ tape counters read as follows: Here, the difference between the master and the slave times (the “absolute difference” is now 00:10:00:04, and this is what is shown if we exam- ine the absolute difference. However, the result of subtracting the intended offset from the absolute difference is 4 frames, and this is the “relative difference”, which may also be examined as described below:1) From menu group E, move the cursor to either Abs Diff (absolute) or Rel Diff (relative). There is no need to press SELECT here. 2) The appropriate difference value will be displayed on the bottom line of the display screen. 7.2.6 Clock selection The word clock (as opposed to the timecode clock source) of a DTRS unit is usually selected using the CLOCK key on the front panel. However, the RC-898 can be used to select the input clock. • In ABS time mode, the clocks of all DTRS units will be set together, following the setting of the first machine in the chain. • However, as explained below in 8.1.11, “Inde- pendent clock settings”. they can also be set independently. 1) From menu group 9, move the cursor to Clock, and press SELECT : 2) Use the UP and DOWN keys to select between Int and Word and (in the case of SY-88- equipped DA-88s and DA-98 units) Video. 7.2.7 Output timing On the DA-88, regardless of whether an SY-88 synchronizer board is fitted or not, there is a facil- ity to use either Digital or Analog output mode for exact synchronization when dubbing between DTRS units, etc. Note that while it is possible to output both digital and analog signals simultaneously, there two sets of signals will be out of sync with each other. 1) From menu group 9, move the cursor to OutputTim (output timing) and press SELECT : Machine Offset Machine 2 AUTO OFFSET NOTES The value entered in this way can be edited later using the technique described above. Offsets cannot be set from unformatted tapes, nor if either tape is displaying a negative ABS value. Master10:15:12:12 Slave10:05:12:08 Clock Machine 1 Int Output Timing Digital»»»»»» Analog Machine123456 88
Section 7.2 - Unit-related functions 7-5 2) Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to select a unit, and the UP and DOWN keys to change the setting between Digital and Analog. See p15 and pp25-26 of the DA-88 manual for fur- ther information regarding this facility. 7.2.8 Varispeed (pitch control) The DTRS design allows for ±6.0% speed control, in 0.1% increments. 1) From menu group 0, move the cursor to Vari Spd , and press SELECT : 2) Use the UP key to change Fix to Vari, or the DOWN key to change Vari to Fix. The VA R I indicator [10] will light if Vari is selected, even if the setting is 0.0%, and will go out if Fix is selected, even if the setting is not zero. 3) Move the cursor to the right (numeric) field, and use the UP and DOWN keys to set the value. 7.2.9 Input selection DTRS units can accept either digital or analog inputs. The choice of which inputs are to be used for each machine is made in the following way: 1) From menu group 9, move the cursor to InputSel and press SELECT : 2) Use the UP and DOWN keys to select between the digital and analog input sources for each unit. In the screen above, units 1 through 4 are accept- ing analog signals, while 5 and 6 are using TDIF - 1 digital inputs. 7.2.10 Word length The DA-38 and DA-98 units are able to accept digital data at their digital I/O connectors at either 16-bit, 20-bit or 24-bit word lengths. These settings are made in the following way: 1) From menu group 2, move the cursor to Word Len , and press SELECT : 2) Use the UP and DOWN keys to select between 16, 20 and 24 bit word length of incoming data, which will be converted to 16 bits for recording purposes. If you select a value higher than 16, you may want to experiment with the Dither settings (see 7.2.11, “Dither”, below), as this may help with dis- tortion, though a little may be lost from the signal- to-noise ratio. 7.2.11 Dither Dithering, in digital audio, is the tech- nique of adding a known noise signal to a low- level input signal, especially when converting from a word length with a higher number of bits than the destination (see 7.2.10, “Word length” above). Paradoxically, this technique removes quantiza- tion noise and improves overall distortion figures, though at the slight expense of the signal-to-noise ratio. The DA-38 implements an “on/off” dither function, and the DA-98 allows two “shapes” of dither. See section 4-8 of the DA-38 manual or 8.13 of the DA-98 manual for further details. 1) From menu group 1, move the cursor to Dither and press SELECT : 2) Allowable values for DA-38 units are on and off. The DA-98 allows the following settings to be made: off, triangular and rectangular. See the section 8.13 of the DA-98 manual for a discussion of rectangular vs. triangular dither modes. Vari Speed Machine 1 Fix + 0.0% NOTE The varispeed function is only available if the unit clock has been set to internal (see 7.2.6, “Clock selection”) and the video resolve function ( see 8.2.10, “Video resolve”) is off. Input Select Digital » » Analog»»»» Machine123456 TDIF Word Length Machine 1 16 bit Dither Machine 1 off 3898 3898
Section 7.2 - Unit-related functions 7-6 7.2.12 Confidence mode The DA-98 allows off-tape monitoring while recording (confidence mode). This can be switched on or off on a per-machie basis. However, since there is a slight delay between the input signal and its replay in confidence mode, you should not use confidence mode in the follow- ing circumstances: • When making punch recordings, as you will not be able to hear the exact timings for punch operations. • When operating a mixed chain of DA-98s and other units. The delay introduced by confi- dence mode on the DA-98 will make these tracks appear to be out of time with the other tracks. However, confidence mode can be very useful when making test recordings so that you can instantly hear the effects of different dither set- tings (see 7.2.11, “Dither”), or to monitor possible clipping at high recording levels on a test take, allowing you to “back off” the level a little before making a final recording. 1) From menu group 9, move the cursor to ConfdMod and press SELECT : 2) Use the UP and DOWN keys to select between the three states: off, ready and on. Confidence mode is selected using this three-state switch to prevent accidental switching of the unit into confidence mode, which might otherwise cause confusion when performing monitoring operations. 7.2.13 Reference levels The reference level for analog I/O on the DA- 98 can be set to one of three standard values: European, TASCAM and SMPTE. These levels correspond to:1) From menu group 2, move the cursor to Ref Level and press SELECT : 2) Use the UP and DOWN keys to select between -16, -18 and -20 dB. The appropriate reference level indicator(s) next to the meters on the DA-98 unit will light. See sec- tion 8-7 of the DA-98 manual for further details of reference levels. 7.2.14 Meter modes On the DA-98, the peak hold time and the decay ballistics of the meters can be changed. 1) From menu group 2, move the cursor to MeterMode and press SELECT : 2) Move the cursor to the Peak Hold setting, and choose between the following values: 0 through 9 seconds (in 1-second increments) and continue. The continue setting sets an infinite peak hold time. The peak levels can be reset by setting the time to 0 seconds. 3) Move the cursor to the Release setting, and choose between the following release times: Fast, Medium and Slow. The meter functions are described in section 8.8 of the DA-98 manual. 7.2.15 Sine oscillator The DA-98 incorporates a sine oscillator for line-up purposes at either 440Hz or 1kHz. The level of the oscillator is a full bit +16dBu (but can- not be compared to transient signals, on account of the constant nature of a sine-wave oscillator). Confidence Mode Machine 1 off Standard Reference levelNominal levelMaximu m level TASCAM –16dBFS +4dBu +20dBu European –18dBFS +4dBu +22dBu SMPTE –20dBFS +4dBu +24dBu 98 98Analog In/Out Reference Level Machine 1 -16 dB Level Meter Mode Machine 1 Peak Hold Release 0 sec Fast 98 98
Section 7.2 - Unit-related functions 7-7 1) From menu group 2, move the cursor to Sine Osc. and press SELECT . 2) Use the UP and DOWN keys to select between off, 440 Hz and 1 kHz. All other inputs will be overridden by the oscillator when it is turned on. Sine Oscillator Machine 1 off WARNING When using the oscillator, turn down the levels of all moni- toring equipment in the control room and studio to avoid possible damage to your ears (and speakers, etc.).
Section 8.1 - Primary timecode functions 8-1 8 – Timecode functions This section describes the timecode-based functions available through the RC-898. Note that while the RC-898 contains no timecode generator or reader of its own, it is able to control the time- code generators and synchronization facilities of DA-98 and DA-88/SY-88 units. Since the DA-38 does not have any timecode facilities, this section does not have any relevance if you are using a setup composed of only DA-38 units. Note that in this section, we use the term “time- code” to refer to SMPTE/EBU timecode rather than to ABS timecode. When using a chain of DTRS units which are to be synchronized to external timecode, you will usually need to synchronize the first unit in the chain. The other units should then chase to the first, using the DTRSABS synchronization facil- ity. For information related to this and to other non-timecode-related synchronization features, see 9, “External control and settings”. 8.1 Primary timecode functions These functions cover the basic timecode setup when synchronizing DTRS units to timecode. 8.1.1 Selecting the timecode source When using a DA-98 unit, the timecode used for recording can be from one of three different sources: external, from the internal generator, or off-tape (“synthesized” timecode—see 8.1.2, “Synthesizing timecode from ABS times”). See section 10.5 of the DA-98 manual for further details regarding this function. 1) From menu group 8, move the cursor to TcRec Src and press SELECT : 2) Use the UP and DOWN keys to select between External TC, Generator TC and Tape. If you select Tape, there will be another param- eter shown which will correspond to the timecode type selected in 6.4, “ABS setting”. This shows the kind of timecode on the tape: striped timecode or synthesized timecode (as described in 8.1.2, “Syn- thesizing timecode from ABS times” below). 8.1.2 Synthesizing timecode from ABS times As mentioned earlier, linear timecode does not necessarily have to be striped on a tape for the DTRS unit to be able to use the TC setting. The subcode can be used to synthesize timecode, eliminating the need to pre-stripe the tape for timecode-based work. In addition, the DA-98 can add offsets to the ABS value, so that the timecode values can start at any desired position, or can create a repeating timecode pattern for tracks of nominal 10 or 20 minutes’ duration. See also 10.2.3 and 10.2.4 of the DA-98 manual for further details. 1) From menu group 5, move the cursor to Tape TC, and press SELECT : 2) Use the SHIFT ed UP and DOWN keys (NEXT and PREVIOUS ) to select the DTRS unit whose values you will change. 3) Use the UP and DOWN keys to choose between the following: • TC Track: The timecode is read from the timecode track striped on the tape. Full details of these operations are given in 8.1.7, “Record- ing the timecode on a DTRS timecode track”.. • ABS: The timecode is “synthesized” from the ABS time (i.e. the ABS values are read and used as timecode). • ABS-Ofs: You can add or subtract an offset from the ABS values to arrive at the final synthesized timecode value. If you select ABS-Ofs, use the numeric keypad [16] to enter an offset value on the LOCATE TIME/ VA L U E display [15] and enter it into the offset value on the display screen using the SHIFT and ENTER/LOAD keys [23]+[20]. • ABS-13 and ABS-23: provide a con- venient way of dividing a tape into “sessions”. Timecode is synthesized with a pre-roll time of xx:57:00:00, the session is assumed to start at xx:00:00:00, and finishes at xx:10:00:00 or xx:20:00:00, depend- TC Record Source Machine 1 External TC 9888 98Tape TC Mode Machine 1 Mode ABS 9888 98 98 98
Section 8.1 - Primary timecode functions 8-2 ing on whether ABS-13 or ABS-23 has been selected. The value of xx varies, depend- ing on the starting “hour” chosen. If you select ABS-13 or ABS-23, use the UP and DOWN keys to select the starting hour. In the illustration above, the starting hour is 0. 8.1.3 Selecting a timecode type The RC-898 can work with a number of different timecode types, as shown by the TC indicators [7]. The 29 on the RC-898 panel is an abbreviation for “29.97”. The DF indicator will light if the time- code is in drop-frame format.The supported types are therefore: To select or change the timecode type used by a DTRS unit: 1) From menu group 5, move the cursor to TC Frame and press SELECT : 2) Use the SHIFT ed UP and DOWN keys (NEXT and PREVIOUS ) to select the unit where you will make settings. 3) Use the UP and DOWN keys to change between the following settings:•30 DF •30 NDF • 29.97 DF • 29.97 NDF •25F •24F These types will not, of course, affect the type of any timecode which has already been used to stripe a tape. They are used for the type of timecode which will be produced by the internal timecode generator of a DTRS unit (DA-98 or SY-88) or the synthesis from ABS timecode of these units. 8.1.4 Setting the generator start time The DTRS unit’s internal generator can be set in the following way: 1) From menu group 8, move the cursor to Gen Start , and press SELECT : 2) Enter the generator start time using the numeric keypad [16]. 3) Press and hold down SHIFT and press ENTER/ LOAD to transfer the value to the display screen. You can also use the cursor keys and the display screen to set the value here. We suggest that you choose a value such as 00:57:00:00, allowing a few minutes of lead- in on the tape before the program material starts. 24 24fps (cine) 25 25fps (PAL/SECAM) 29 29.97 (NTSC color non-drop) 29 DF 29.97 (NTSC drop-frame) 30 30fps (NTSC mono) 30 DF 30fps drop-frame (NTSC color) NOTE 30 fps drop-frame is only supported by DA-98 units. TC Frame Mode Machine 1 30DF 0313 2926 3916 Absolute time in minutes from start of tape (ABS-13 setting) etc… Timecode values 98Generate Start Time Machine 1 00:00:00:00 30DF NOTES The frame value at the bottom right of the screen is not set here. The procedure for setting this is described in detail in 8.1.3, “Selecting a timecode type”, and is accessed from menu group 5. If the timecode source is synthesized ABS timecode, the timecode type may be changed by changing the timecode type of the ABS “timecode”. It is not possible to receive one type and convert it for recording, however. If timecode is being recorded from an external source, thetype cannot be changed. 98
Section 8.1 - Primary timecode functions 8-3 8.1.5 Starting and stopping the generator 1) From menu group 8, move the cursor to Gen Mode and press SELECT : 2) Use the LEFT and RIGHT cursor keys to move between the Run/Stop and Mode fields. 3) Use the UP and DOWN keys in the Mode field to determine whether the generator will Continue from the last point where it was stopped, or whether it will be Reset to the starting value as set above when restarted. 4) When the cursor is on the Run/Stop field, use the UP key to start the generator, and the DOWN key to stop it again. 8.1.6 Checking the generator progress While the generator screen above is visible, the generator’s output can be viewed in the display screen. However, there is also another way to check the generator: 1) From menu group E, move the cursor to Gen TC (there is no need to press SELECT ): The bottom line of the display shows the current timecode value being output by the generator. If the generator is stopped, it will show the value at which it was stopped. 8.1.7 Recording the timecode on a DTRS timecode track This procedure applies to all timecode recording, regardless of the timecode source used. The dedicated timecode tracks of any DTRS units can be armed and safed on a per-machine basis:1) From menu group 8, move the cursor to TcTrkRec and press SELECT : 2) Use the UP and DOWN keys to arm the timecode track on the required DTRS unit(s). Make sure that all other units’ timecode tracks are disabled. When a unit’s timecode track is armed for record- ing, and that machine is selected, as shown by the MACHINE indicators [8], the TC REC indicator [10] on the RC-898 (as well as the TC REC indi- cator on the DTRS unit) will light. 3) Rewind the tape to the beginning. It is possible to start recording timecode halfway through the tape, but it can make later synchroni- zation difficult. For this reason, we advise record- ing timecode all the way through the tape from the start (unless you use the ABS-13 or ABS-23 preset functions to convert ABS time into synthesized timecode, as described in 8.1.2, “Synthesizing timecode from ABS times”). 4) Start the timecode source. If the timecode source is an external source (see 8.1.1, “Selecting the timecode source”), start the source so that timecode is transmitted from it. If the timecode source is the DTRS internal gener- ator, start the generator as described in 8.1.5, “Starting and stopping the generator”. If the timecode source is the ABS timing, used to synthesize timecode, no separate operation is nec- essary to start the timecode source. 5) Press and hold down the RECORD key and press the PLAY key. The TC REC indicator on the RC-898 (if the DTRS unit is selected) as well as the DTRS units, will light steadily. Generate Mode Mcn 1 00:57:00:00 30DF Run/Stop Mode Stop Continue Ext TC Abs Diff Tape TC Rel Diff >Gen TC 01:02:34:12 30DF TC Track Record enable » disable»»»»» Machine123456 NOTE Remember, as mentioned earlier, that it is usually necessary to record timecode on only one unit; the other units in the chain can use the DTRS chase facility. However, it may be necessary, if dubbing audio tracks, etc. between DTRS units, to transfer timecode simultaneously with the audio tracks.
Section 8.1 - Primary timecode functions 8-4 6) To check the off-tape timecode as it is being recorded, from menu group E, move the cursor to Tape TC (there is no need to press SELECT )): The bottom line of the display shows the current timecode value being output from the tape. If the tape is stopped, the last timecode read from tape will be shown. External timecode, if it is being used for recording or for synchronization purposes, can be read in the same way, except that the cursor should be moved to Ext TC in menu group E. 8.1.8 Chasing to external timecode When chasing to an external timecode source (remember that you cannot chase to MTC), there are two cases to be considered. The first is when the DTRS unit which will be chasing timecode is the first unit in the chain. In this case, there is no DTRS sync signal received at the SYNC IN con- nector (of course, the RC-898 provides control signals), and hence, pressing the CHASE key [32] will automatically synchronize the DTRS unit to the incoming timecode. The reference to which the incoming timecode is matched, however, depends on the Time Mode settings of the DTRS unit with regard to ABS or timecode (see 6.4.2, “Selecting Time Mode”). In the case of a unit which is connected to the master DTRS unit in the chain, the situation is a little more complex, as the unit must be set up to slave to incoming timecode rather than the DTRS sync signals. Here, the Time Mode menu is used once again (6.4.2, “Selecting Time Mode”), but here it determines the chase sync source; time- code or ABS sync. Note that it is unlikely that you will need to syn- chronize a slave unit with timecode—typically, only the first unit in the chain will be a timecode slave, and this will act as a DTRS sync master for the other units in the chain. 8.1.9 Chasing with a timecode offset. If the timecode on the DTRS unit matches the timecode coming from the master unit (e.g. the DTRS tapes contain a video soundtrack and have been striped either concurrently with, or from the video tape), there is no need for an offset. If, however, the DTRS tracks are not linked in this way with the master source, an offset is required. The offset can be ±12 hours from the received timecode. Timecode “wraps” in a 24-hour clock format, so that 12 hours in advance of 13:00:00:00 is 01:00:00:00, and 12 hours behind 02:00:00:00 is 14:00:00:00. 1) From menu group 4, move the cursor to TC Offset and press SELECT : Note that this setting is made to subframe accu- racy. The timecode type will be shown in the bot- tom right of the display screen. 2) Use the numeric keypad to set the offset (use the +/- key to change values between positive and negative). The value will be shown in the LOCATE TIME/ VA L U E display and the OFFSET indicator [10] will light. If an offset value is set on any unit or units and the Time Mode is set to TC, the OFFSET indicator [10] will light. As an alternative to using the numeric keypad, you may also use the cursor keys to enter values directly into the LCD display. Ext TC Abs Diff >Tape TC Rel Diff Gen TC 01:01:22:03 30DF NOTE This procedure described here should be used when chasing to timecode. When slave machines are chasing to DTRS sync from a master DTRS unit, use the procedure described in 7.2.3, “Chasing with an offset”. Timecode Offset Machine 1 +00:00:00:00.00 30DF