Steinberg Nuendo 3 Getting Started Manual

							NUENDOSetting up your system 4 – 51
Setting up a default MIDI input and output
The Default MIDI Ports page in the Device Setup dialog allows you to 
select which MIDI ports should be selected by default when you create 
a new MIDI track. In other words, newly created tracks will always use 
the input and output specified on this page. However, you can later 
change this setting for each individual track in the Project window.
Connecting a synchronizer
Always make all connections with all equipment turned off!
When using Nuendo with external tape transports you will most likely 
need to add a synchronizer to your system. All connections and setup 
procedures for synchronization are described in the Synchronization 
chapter in the Operation Manual. 
						

							NUENDO4 – 52 Setting up your system
Setting up video
Always make all connections with all equipment turned off!
Nuendo plays back video films in AVI, Quicktime or MPEG formats. 
Under Windows, video playback can be done using the playback en-
gines DirectX, DirectShow or Quicktime. Under Mac OS X, Quicktime 
is used as playback engine.
There are several ways to play back video:
•Without any special hardware.
While this will be fine in many situations it does put a limit on the size of the internal 
video window as well as the quality of the image.
•Using FireWire (Mac OS X).
Using a FireWire port, you can play back video on an external monitor using a DV-to-
analog converter or a DV camera (see also the Video chapter in the Operation Manual).
This is valid for DV video and QuickTime is used for playback.
•Using Graphics cards (Windows).
Multi-head graphics cards which support overlay functionality can be used to display 
the video picture on an external monitor. As of this writing, the following manufacturers 
have working solutions available: nVIDIA and Matrox.
•Using Video cards.
Video cards can also be used to display the video on an external monitor. As of this 
writing, the following cards can be used:
Mac OS X: Decklink (Blackmagic)
Windows: Liquid Chrome (Pinnacle Systems) and Decklink (Blackmagic).
If you plan to use special video hardware, install it and set it up as 
recommended by the manufacturer.
Before you use the video hardware with Nuendo, we recommend that 
you test the hardware installation with the utility applications that came 
with the hardware and/or the Windows Media Player or Quicktime 
Player (Mac OS X) applications. 
						

							NUENDOSetting up your system 4 – 53
Optimizing audio performance
This section gives you some hints and tips on how to get the most out 
of your Nuendo system, performance-wise. Some of this text refers to 
hardware properties and can be used as a guide when upgrading your 
system. This text is very brief. Look for details and current information 
on the Nuendo web site (see page 13)!
Two aspects of performance
There are two distinct aspects of performance in respect to Nuendo:
Tracks and effects
Simply put: the faster your computer, the more tracks, effects and EQ 
you will be able to play. Exactly what constitutes a “fast computer” is 
almost a science in itself, but some hints are given below.
Short response times (latency)
Another aspect of performance is response times. Latency is a phenom-
enon based on the fact that in a computer, audio has to be “buffered” 
(stored) in small chunks during various steps of the recording and play-
back process. The more and larger those chunks, the higher the latency.
High latency is most troublesome when playing VST Instruments and 
when monitoring through the computer, that is when listening to a live 
audio source via the Nuendo Mixer and effects. However, very long 
latency times (several hundred milliseconds) can hamper other pro-
cesses like mixing, since e.g. a fader movement will affect the audio 
noticeably late.
While Direct Monitoring and other techniques reduce the problems 
associated with very long latency times, a system that responds fast 
will always be more convenient to work with.
•Depending on your audio hardware, it may be possible to “trim” your 
latency times, usually by lowering the size and number of buffers.
For details, refer to the audio hardware documentation, or, if you are using a DirectX or 
MME driver under Windows, the HTML Help. 
						

							NUENDO4 – 54 Setting up your system
System factors that affect performance
CPU and processor cache
It goes without saying that the faster the computer processor, the bet-
ter. But there are a number of factors that affect the apparent speed of 
a computer: the bus speed and type (PCI is strongly recommended), 
the processor cache size and of course, the processor type and brand. 
Nuendo relies heavily on floating point calculations. When shopping for 
a processor, please make sure you get one that is powerful in calculat-
ing floating point arithmetics.
Note also that Nuendo features full support for multi-processor sys-
tems. So if you own a computer system with more than one processor, 
Nuendo can take advantage of the total capacity and evenly distribute 
the processing load to all available processors. See page 55.
Hard disk and controller
The number of hard disk tracks you can record and play back at the 
same time also depends on the speed of your hard disk and hard disk 
controller. If you use E-IDE disks and controllers, make sure that the 
transfer mode is DMA Busmaster. Under Windows, you can check 
the current mode by launching the Windows Device Manager and 
looking for properties of the IDE ATA/ATAPI Controller’s primary and 
secondary channel. DMA transfer mode is enabled by default, but may 
be turned off by the system should hardware problems occur.
Audio hardware and driver
The hardware and its driver can have some effect on regular perfor-
mance. A badly written driver can reduce the performance of your 
computer. But where the hardware driver design makes the most dif-
ference is with latency.
Again, we strongly recommend that you use audio hardware for which 
there is a specific ASIO driver!
This is especially true when using Nuendo for Windows:
•Under Windows, ASIO drivers written specifically for the hardware are more 
efficient than MME or DirectX drivers and produce shorter latency times. 
						

							NUENDOSetting up your system 4 – 55
•Under Mac OS X, audio hardware with properly written Mac OS X (Core 
Audio) drivers can be very efficient and produce very low latency times.
However, there are additional features currently only available with ASIO drivers, such 
as the ASIO Positioning Protocol.
Making settings that affect performance
Choosing a driver for your audio hardware
As described on page 41, it is recommended to install and use a stan-
dard ASIO driver if available for your specific hardware. Check the 
manufacturers web site for the latest drivers etc.
Making audio buffer settings
Audio buffers affect how audio is sent to and from the audio hardware. 
The size of the audio buffers affects both the latency and the audio per-
formance. Generally, the smaller the buffer size, the lower the latency. 
On the other hand, working with small buffers can be demanding for the 
computer. If the audio buffers are too small, you may get clicks, pops or 
other audio playback problems.
•Under Mac OS X, you can adjust the size of the buffers on the VST Audiobay 
page in the Device Setup dialog.
You may also find buffer settings in the control panel for the audio hardware.
•Under Windows, you adjust the buffer size settings in the control panel for the 
audio hardware (opened by clicking the Control Panel button on the driver page 
in the Device Setup dialog).
The Expert settings
On the VST Audiobay page you will find a button called “Expert…”. This 
opens a dialog with advanced settings for the VST Engine, including a 
Multi Processing option. When this is activated (default setting if you 
have a hyper-threading or multiple-CPU system – in a single-CPU sys-
tem, this option is greyed out) and there is more than one CPU in your 
system, the processing load is distributed evenly to all available CPUs, 
allowing Nuendo to make full use of the combined power of the multiple 
processors. See the Online Help for details.
Activating the “Lower Latency” option will basically disable the CPU 
overload protection, but allow for lower latencies. See the Online Help 
for details. 
						

							NUENDO4 – 56 Setting up your system
Optimizing processor scheduling (Windows only)
To get the lowest possible latencies when using ASIO under Windows 
XP (on a single CPU system), the “system performance” has to be op-
timized for background tasks:
1.Open the Control Panel from the Start menu and select System.
2.Select the Advanced tab and click the Settings button in the Perfor-
mance section.
The Performance Options dialog appears.
3.Select the Advanced tab.
4.In the Processor Scheduling section, select “Adjust for best perfor-
mance of: Background services”
5.Click OK to close the dialogs. 
						

							5
Basic Nuendo concepts 
						

							NUENDO5 – 58 Basic Nuendo concepts
About this chapter
This chapter describes the basic “building blocks” and terminology in 
Nuendo. Please take your time to read this chapter thoroughly before 
moving on!
The project
The native document format of Nuendo is called a project. Before you 
can start recording, playing back or editing you always have to create 
a new project, or open a saved project file from disk. There can be 
several projects open at the same time, but one is always the active 
project.
Two Project windows in Nuendo. Here, the project “on top” is the active project, as 
indicated by the lit blue indicator in the upper left corner of the window.  
						

							NUENDOBasic Nuendo concepts 5 – 59
About the file and folder structure
A project file (file extension “.npr” under Windows) is always associated 
with a project folder on your hard disk. Several projects can share the 
same project folder (which is practical if you have several versions of 
your project, for example).
•The Audio folder contains audio files referenced by the project.
It is also possible for the project to refer to audio files elsewhere on your disk(s) – you 
can even specify different folders for different audio tracks when recording. However, 
having all audio files in the project’s Audio folder makes the project easy to move and 
archive, and is a good safety measure.
•The Edits folder contains audio files created automatically by editing 
and processing operations in Nuendo.
As a rule, you shouldn’t touch the files in this folder. To remove unused edit files, it is 
better to use the Cleanup function, as described in the Operation Manual.
•The Images folder contains waveform images for the audio files in the 
project.
•The Network folder contains information and settings for Nuendo’s 
networking features.
This folder will appear when you have set up a network project – see the separate 
Networking document.
•The Freeze folder contains audio files generated by the Track and 
Instrument Freeze function.
This function (described in the separate document “Working with MIDI”) renders the 
output of audio tracks and VST Instruments to temporary audio files, allowing you to 
conserve processor power. You shouldn’t touch these files.
•The project file itself contains all references to audio and video files, 
along with playback information, MIDI data and settings for the project 
(such as sample rate, frame rate, etc.).
•Video files are never automatically copied to the project folder.
This is because video files are often very large, and it doesn’t make sense to copy them 
into different project folders. However, nothing stops you from creating a Video folder 
inside the project folder and storing your video files there.
•You may also find additional files in the project folder.
For example, Nuendo’s Auto Save feature stores backup copies of the project file in its 
project folder. 
						

							NUENDO5 – 60 Basic Nuendo concepts
Audio terminology
When you record audio in Nuendo, this is what happens:
•An audio file is created on the hard disk.
•In Nuendo, an audio clip is created. The audio clip refers to the audio file on 
disk.
•An audio event is also created in Nuendo. This plays back the audio clip.
There are good reasons for this long chain of references:
•The audio event is the object that you place on a time position in Nuendo. If 
you make copies of an audio event and move them to different positions in the 
project, they will still all refer to the same audio clip. 
Furthermore, each audio event has an Offset value and a Length value. These 
determine at which positions in the clip the event will start and end, i.e. which 
section of the audio clip will be played back by the audio event. For example, 
if you resize the audio event, you will just change its start and/or end position 
in the audio clip – the clip itself will not be affected.
•The audio clip does not necessarily refer to just one original recorded file! 
For example, if you apply some processing to a section of an audio clip, this will 
actually create a new audio file that contains only the section in question. The 
processing will then be applied to the new audio file only, leaving the original 
audio file unchanged. Finally, the audio clip is automatically adjusted, so that it 
refers both to the original file and to the new, processed file. During playback, 
the program will switch between the original file and the processed file at the 
correct positions. You will hear this as a single recording, with processing ap-
plied to one section only.
This feature makes it possible to undo processing at a later stage, and to apply 
different processing to different audio clips that refer to the same original file.