Steinberg Nuendo 3.1 User Manual

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Working with film transfers  71
If the project is going to be returning to film for the final presentation, 
the audio can be slowed back down to normal speed when transfer-
ring back to film in order to preserve the fidelity and performance val-
ues of the original material.
Transferring film to PAL/SECAM video requires a 4% pull-up in speed 
for both the picture and sound elements.
Transferring film to NTSC video
Transferring film at 24 fps to NTSC video at 29.97 fps presents a few 
more...

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4.The third film frame is transferred to the second field of video frame 
three and the first field of video frame four.
This is a block diagram of the 2-3 pull-down process. Notice that 4 frames of film 
are transferred to 5 frames of video using the 2-3 field technique.  

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5.The remaining film frames are transferred in this manner, alternating 
between 2 and 3 fields of video, until the end of the transfer.
After four frames of film have been transferred this way, an even five video frames will 
be created. Over the course of one second, 24 frames of film and 30 frames of video 
will have gone by. Since they are running at -0.1%, the actual framerate is 29.97 video 
frames per second, the NTSC standard.
It is important to have a clear...

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Compensating for film transfers to video
When working with film transfers to video, it is necessary to compen-
sate for the change in speed that results from the telecine process. 
With Nuendo, there are two basic ways this can be done. The first is 
by adjusting the playback speed of the audio to match the speed of 
the video. The second is to adjust the speed of the video file to match 
the original speed of the film and production audio in Nuendo.
Adjusting audio...

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Please refer to the Timebase manual for more information on how to 
connect it to Nuendo, your audio card, video tape machines and other 
equipment in your studio. Varispeed operations are also covered in the 
TImebase manual.
Since the video and audio playback speeds are independent in Nu-
endo, the video will remain at the same speed while the audio is slowed 
down (pulled down). This will ensure that the production audio and film 
transfer will remain in sync....

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Audio Pull-up +4.1667% (PAL/SECAM)
Audio pull-up (+4.1667%) is the same concept applied to PAL/SE-
CAM video transfers. Since the film is sped up by 4.1667% during 
transfer, audio in Nuendo must be running at +4.1667% speed in order 
to remain in sync with the video during editing and mixing. 
In this case, the Timebase or other external clock must be set to +4% 
varispeed. 
Devices such as the Rosendahl Nanosync are capable of varispeed and 
have presets for the...

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•Other pull-up/pull-down options
There may be other scenarios where non-standard pull-ups and pull-downs can be 
used to correct mistakes. Nuendo provides further pull-up/pull-down options for such 
situations in the Project Setup dialog (see below).
All the examples used here are with 48 kHz as the standard sample rate 
for the film and video industry. However, it is possible to accomplish the 
same tasks using 44.1 kHz, 88.2 kHz, 96 kHz (this is double the stan-...

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Nuendo provides an adjustment of the timeline to compensate for 
these changes. This setting is found in the Project Setup dialog:
The Pull-up/Pull-down pop-up menu in the Project Setup dialog.
Whenever you apply an audio pull to Nuendo from an external clock, 
you should also set this menu to the appropriate choice. This allows 
Nuendo to recalculate the sample count to reflect the adjusted sam-
ple rate. 
For example, if the setting in the Project Setup dialog is...

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Moving events
When you change the setting in the Pull-up/Pull-down pop-up menu 
and there are events already in the timeline, Nuendo prompts you to 
choose whether or not to keep the original sample start times or not.
• Choosing “No” allows events to follow the timecode and minutes:seconds 
clock change and remain at their SMPTE start times.
• Choosing “Yes” forces Nuendo to leave events at the same sample start time 
regardless of the clock speed change.
Video...

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Video +0.1% pull-up for NTSC
Since NTSC video is running -0.1% slower than the original film, pull-
ing the video speed back up by +0.1%, returns it to original film speed. 
With the video now running at the correct film speed, audio originally 
recorded at 48 kHz on the film shoot will remain in sync with the video. 
Additionally, the final mix can be digitally transferred back to film at 
48 kHz without the need for an analog copy or sample rate conversion.
Video...