Steinberg Cubase Essential 4 Plug-In Reference Manual

							31
MIDI effects
6.Now you can play the keyboard and control the varia-
tions according to the selected switch modes.
These work as follows:
To turn the variation switch feature off, select the “No 
Switch” mode.
Compress
This MIDI compressor is used for evening out or expanding 
differences in velocity. Though the result is similar to what 
you get with the Velocity Compression track parameter, the 
Compress plug-in presents the controls in a manner more 
like regular audio compressors. The parameters are:
Switch mode Description
Velocity The full velocity range (1–127) is divided into “zones”, 
according to the number of variations you specified. For 
example, if you’re using two variations (Max is set to 2) 
there will be two velocity “zones”: 1–63 and 64–127. 
Playing a note with velocity at 64 or higher will trigger the 
second variation, while playing a softer note will trigger 
the first variation.
Note In this mode, the chorder will play one chord at a time – 
you cannot play several different chords simultaneously. 
When the Note switch mode is selected, you play a key to 
determine the base note for the chord, then press a higher 
key to select a variation. The variation number will be the 
difference between the two keys. To select variation 1, 
press a key one semitone higher than the base note, for 
variation 2, press a key two semitones higher, and so on.
Parameter Description
Threshold Only notes with velocities over this value will be affected 
by the compression/expansion.
Ratio This determines the rate of compression applied to the 
velocity values above the threshold level. Ratios greater 
than 1:1 result in compression (i.e. less difference in ve-
locity) while ratios lower than 1:1 result in expansion (i.e. 
greater difference in velocity).
What actually happens is that the part of the velocity 
value that is above the threshold value is divided by the 
ratio value.
Gain This adds or subtracts a fixed value from the velocities. 
Since the maximum range for velocity values is 0–127, 
you may need to use the Gain setting to compensate, 
keeping the resulting velocities within the range. Typi-
cally, you would use negative Gain settings when ex-
panding and positive Gain settings when compressing. 
						

							32
MIDI effects
Density
This generic control panel affects the “density” of the 
notes being played from (or thru) the track. When this is 
set to 100 %, the notes are not affected. Lowering the 
Density setting below 100 % will randomly filter out or 
“mute” notes. Raising the setting above 100 % will instead 
randomly add new notes.
Micro Tuner
The Micro Tuner lets you set up a different microtuning 
scheme for the instrument, by detuning each key. 
 Each Detune field corresponds to a key in an octave (as indi-
cated by the keyboard display). Adjust a Detune field to raise 
or lower the tuning of that key, in cents (hundreds of a semi-
tone).
 Set the Convert setting according to whether the track is 
routed to a VST instrument or a “real” standard MIDI instru-
ment (capable of receiving microtuning information).
The Micro Tuner comes with a number of presets, includ-
ing both classical and experimental microtuning scales.
MIDIControl
This generic control panel allows you to select up to eight 
different MIDI controller types, and use the value fields or 
sliders (which are displayed when you click on a value field 
while holding down the [Alt]/[Option] key) to set values for 
these. A typical use for this would be if you’re using a MIDI 
instrument with parameters that can be controlled by MIDI 
controller data (e.g. filter cutoff, resonance, levels, etc.). By 
selecting the correct MIDI controller types, you can use the 
plug-in as a control panel for adjusting the sound of the in-
strument from within Cubase Essential, at any time.
 To select a controller type, use the pop-up menus to the right.
 To deactivate a controller slider, set it to “Off” (drag the slider 
all the way down). 
						

							33
MIDI effects
MIDIEcho
This is an advanced MIDI Echo, which will generate addi-
tional echoing notes based on the MIDI notes it receives. 
It creates effects similar to a digital delay, but also features 
MIDI pitch shifting and much more. As always it is impor-
tant to remember that the effect doesn’t “echo” the actual 
audio, but the MIDI notes which will eventually produce 
the sound in the synthesizer.
The following parameters are available:
Quantize
The echoed notes will be moved in position to a quantizing 
grid, as set up with this parameter. You can either use the 
slider or type to set the value in ticks (1/480 ticks of quar-
ter notes) or click the arrow buttons to step between the 
“rhythmically exact” values (displayed as note values – see 
the table below). This makes it easy to find rhythmically 
relevant quantize values, but still allows experimental set-
tings in between.
An example: setting this to “16th” will force all echo notes 
to be played on exact 16th note positions, regardless of 
the timing of the original notes and the Echo-Quant. set-
ting.
ÖTo disable quantizing, set this parameter to its lowest 
value (1).
Length
This sets the length of the echoed notes. This can either 
be the same as their original notes (parameter set to its 
lowest value, “Source”) or the length you specify manually. 
You can either set the length in ticks or click the arrow 
buttons to step between the “rhythmically exact” lengths 
(displayed as note values – see the table below).
ÖThe length can also be affected by the Length Decay 
parameter.
Repeat
This is the number of echoes (1 to 12) from each incom-
ing note.
Echo-Quant.
The Echo-Quant. parameter sets the delay time, i.e. the 
time between a played note and its first echo note. You can 
either use the slider or type to set the value in ticks (1/480 
ticks of quarter notes) or click the arrow buttons to step be-
tween the “rhythmically exact” delay times (displayed as 
note values – see the table below). 
For example, setting this to “8th” will cause the echo 
notes to sound an eighth note after their original notes.
ÖThe echo time can also be affected by the Echo Decay 
parameter.
Velocity Decay
This parameter allows you to add or subtract to the veloc-
ity values for each repeat so that the echo fades away or 
increases in volume (provided that the sound you use is 
velocity sensitive). For no change of velocity, set this to 0 
(middle position).
Pitch Decay
If you set this to a value other than 0, the repeating (echo-
ing) notes will be raised or lowered in pitch, so that each 
successive note has a higher or lower pitch than the pre-
vious. The value is set in semitones.
For example, setting this to -2 will cause the first echo 
note to have a pitch two semitones lower than the original 
note, the second echo note two semitones lower than the 
first echo note, and so on.
Echo Decay
This parameter lets you adjust how the echo time should 
be changed with each successive repeat. The value is set 
as a percentage.
 When set to 100 % (middle position) the echo time will be the 
same for all repeats (as set with the Echo-Quant. parameter).
 If you raise the value above 100, the echoing notes will play with 
gradually longer intervals (i.e. the echo will become slower).
 If you lower the value below 100, the echoing notes will be-
come gradually faster, like the sound of a bouncing ball. 
						

							34
MIDI effects
Length Decay
This parameter lets you adjust how the length of the ech-
oed notes should change with each successive repeat. 
The higher the setting (25 –100), the longer the echoed 
notes will be compared to their original notes.
About ticks and note values
The timing and position-related parameters (Echo-Quant., 
Length and Quantize) can all be set in ticks. There are 480 
ticks to each quarter note. While the parameters allow you 
to step between the rhythmically relevant values (dis-
played as note values), the following table can also be of 
help, showing you the most common note values and their 
corresponding number of ticks:
Note to CC
This effect will generate a MIDI continuous controller 
event for each incoming MIDI note. The value of the con-
troller event corresponds to the note number (pitch) and 
the single parameter allows you to select which MIDI con-
troller should be sent out (by default controller 7, MIDI vol-
ume). The incoming MIDI notes pass through the effect 
unaffected.For example, if MIDI volume (controller 7) is selected, 
notes with low note numbers (pitches) will lower the vol-
ume in the MIDI instrument, while higher note numbers will 
raise the volume. This way you can create “keyboard 
tracking” of volume or other parameters.
Quantizer
Quantizing is a function that changes the timing of notes 
by moving them towards a “quantize grid”. This grid may 
consist of e.g. straight sixteenth notes (in which case the 
notes would all get perfect sixteenth note timing), but 
could also be more loosely related to straight note value 
positions (applying a “swing feel” to the timing, etc.).
ÖThe main Quantize function in Cubase Essential is de-
scribed in the Operation manual.
While the Quantize function on the MIDI menu applies the 
timing change to the actual notes on a track, the Quantizer 
effect allows you to apply quantizing “on the fly”, changing 
the timing of the notes in real time. This makes it easier to 
try out different settings when creating grooves and 
rhythms. Note however, that the main Quantize function 
contains settings and features that are not available in the 
Quantizer.
Note Value Ticks
1/32 note 60
1/16 note triplet 90
1/16 note 120
1/8 note triplet 160
1/8 note 240
Quarter note triplet 320
Quarter note 480
Half note 960
!Note that a controller event is sent out each time a 
new note is played. If high and low notes are played 
simultaneously, this could lead to somewhat confus-
ing results. Therefore, the Note to CC effect is prob-
ably best applied to monophonic tracks (playing one 
note at a time). 
						

							35
MIDI effects
The Quantizer has the following parameters:
Step Designer
The Step Designer is a MIDI pattern sequencer that sends 
out MIDI notes and additional controller data according to 
the pattern you set up. It does not make use of the incom-
ing MIDI, other than automation data (such as recorded 
pattern changes).
Creating a basic pattern
1.Use the Pattern selector to choose which pattern to 
create.
Each Step Designer can hold up to 200 different patterns.
2.Use the Quantize setting to specify the “resolution” of 
the pattern.
In other words, this setting determines how long each step is. For exam-
ple, if Quantize is set to “16th” each step will be a sixteenth note.
3.Specify the number of steps in the pattern with the 
Length setting.
As you can see in the note display, the maximum number of steps is 32. 
For example, setting Quantize to 16 and Length to 32 would create a 
two bar pattern with sixteenth note steps.
4.Click in the note display to insert notes.
You can insert notes on any of the 32 steps, but the Step Designer will 
only play back the number of steps set with the Length parameter.
The display spans one octave (as indicated by the pitch 
list to the left). You can scroll the displayed octave up or 
down by clicking in the pitch list and dragging up or down.
This way you can insert notes at any pitch. Note that each step can contain 
one note only – the Step Designer is monophonic.
Click and drag to view other octaves.
To remove a note from the pattern, click on it again.
5.Select “Velocity” on the Controllers pop-up menu.
This pop-up menu determines what is shown in the lower controller dis-
play.
6.Adjust the velocity of the notes by dragging the veloc-
ity bars in the controller display.
7.To make notes shorter, select “Gate” on the Controllers 
pop-up menu and lower the bars in the controller display.
When a bar is set to its maximum value (fully up), the corresponding note 
will be the full length of the step (as set with the Quantize parameter).
8.To make notes longer, you can tie two notes together. 
This is done by inserting two notes and clicking the Tie 
button below the second note.
When the Tie button is lit for a note, it won’t retrigger – instead the pre-
vious note will be lengthened. Also, the tied (second) note will automati-
cally get the same pitch as the first note. You can add more notes and tie 
them in the same way, creating longer notes.
9.If you now start playback in Cubase Essential, the pat-
tern will play as well, sending out MIDI notes on the track’s 
MIDI output and channel (or, if you have activated the 
Step Designer as a send effect, on the MIDI output and 
channel selected for the send in the Inspector).
Parameter Description
Quantize Note This sets the note value on which the quantize grid is 
based. Straight notes, triplets and dotted notes are avail-
able. For example, “16” means straight sixteenth notes 
and “8T” means eighth note triplets.
Swing This allows you to offset every second position in the 
grid, creating a swing or shuffle feel. The value is a per-
centage – the higher you set this, the farther to the right 
every even grid position is moved.
Strength This determines how close the notes should be moved to 
the quantize grid. When set to 100 %, all notes will be 
forced to the closest grid position; lowering the setting 
will gradually loosen the timing.
Delay This delays (positive values) or advances (negative val-
ues) the notes in milliseconds. Unlike the Delay setting in 
the Track Parameters, this delay can be automated. 
						

							36
MIDI effects
Adding controller curves
The Controllers pop-up menu has two more items: two 
controller types.
You can select which two controller types (filter cutoff, 
resonance, volume, etc.) should be available on the pop-
up menu by clicking the Setup button and selecting con-
trollers from the lists that appears.
This selection is global to all patterns.
To insert controller information in a pattern, select the 
desired controller from the pop-up menu and click in the 
controller display to draw events.
The MIDI controller events will be sent out during playback along with the 
notes.
ÖIf you drag a controller event bar all the way down, no 
controller value will be sent out on that step.
Other pattern functions
The following functions make it easier to edit, manipulate 
and manage patterns:
Automating pattern changes
You can create up to 200 different patterns in each Step 
Designer – just select a new pattern and add notes and 
controllers as described above.
Typically, you want the pattern selection to change during 
the project. You can accomplish this by automating the Pat-
tern selector, either in real time by activating the Write auto-
mation and switching patterns during playback or by 
drawing in the automation subtrack for the Step Designer’s 
MIDI track. Note that you can also press a key on your MIDI 
keyboard to change patterns. For this, you have to set up 
the Step Designer as an insert effect for a record enabled 
MIDI track. Press C1 to select pattern 1, C#1 to select pat-
tern 2, D1 to select pattern 3, D#1 to select pattern 4 and 
so on. If you want, you can record these pattern changes as 
note events on a MIDI track. Proceed as follows:
1.Select the desired MIDI track or create a new one and 
activate the Step Designer as an insert effect.
2.Set up several patterns as described above.
3.Press the Record button and press the desired keys 
on your keyboard to select the corresponding patterns.
The pattern changes will be recorded on the MIDI track.
4.Stop recording and play back the MIDI track.
You will now hear the recorded pattern changes.
ÖThis will only work for the first 92 patterns.
Function Description
Shift Oct These buttons allow you to shift the entire pattern up or 
down in octave steps.
Shift Time Moves the pattern one step to the left or right.
Reverse Reverses the pattern, so that it plays backwards.
Copy/Paste Allows you to copy the current pattern and paste it in an-
other pattern location (in the same Step Designer or an-
other).
Reset Clears the pattern, removing all notes and setting con-
troller values to default.
Random Generates a completely random pattern – useful for ex-
perimenting.
Swing The Swing parameter allows you to offset every second 
step, creating a swing or shuffle feel. The value is a per-
centage – the higher you set this, the farther to the right 
every even step is moved.
Presets Note that a stored Preset contains all 200 patterns in the 
Step Designer. 
						

							37
MIDI effects
Track Control
The Track Control effect contains three ready-made con-
trol panels for adjusting parameters on a GS or XG com-
patible MIDI device. The Roland GS and Yamaha XG 
protocols are extensions of the General MIDI standard, al-
lowing for more sounds and better control of various in-
strument settings. If your instrument is compatible with 
GS or XG, the Track Controls effect allows you to adjust 
sounds and effects in your instrument from within Cubase 
Essential.
Selecting a control panel
At the top of the Track Controls effect window you will 
find a pop-up menu. This is where you select which of the 
available control panels to use:
About the Reset and Off buttons
Regardless of the selected mode, you will find two buttons 
labelled “Off” and “Reset” at the top of the control panel:
Clicking the Off button will set all controls to their low-
est value, without sending out any MIDI messages.
Clicking the Reset button will set all parameters to their 
default values, and send out the corresponding MIDI mes-
sages.
For most parameters, the default values will be zero or “no adjustment”, 
but there are exceptions to this. For example, the default Reverb Send 
settings are 64.
GS Basic Controls
The following controls are available when the GS Basic 
Controls mode is selected:
Control panel Description
GS Basic 
ControlsEffect sends and various sound control parameters for 
use with instruments compatible with the Roland GS 
standard.
XG Effect + 
SendsEffect Sends and various sound control parameters for 
use with instruments compatible with the Yamaha XG 
standard.
XG Global Global settings (affecting all channels) for instruments 
compatible with the Yamaha XG standard.
Control Description
Send 1 Send level for the reverb effect. 
Send 2 Send level for the chorus effect.
Send 3 Send level for the “variation” effect.
Attack Adjusts the attack time of the sound. Lowering the value 
shortens the attack, while raising it gives a slower attack. 
Middle position (64) means no adjustment is made.
Decay Adjusts the decay time of the sound. Lowering the value 
shortens the decay, while raising it makes the decay 
longer.
Release Adjusts the release time of the sound. Lowering the value 
shortens the release, while raising it makes the release 
time longer.
Cutoff Adjusts the filter cutoff frequency.
Resonance Adjusts the filter resonance.
Express Allows you to send out expression pedal messages on 
the track’s MIDI channel.
Ch.Press. Allows you to send out aftertouch (channel pressure) 
messages on the track’s MIDI channel. This is useful if 
your keyboard cannot send aftertouch, but you have 
sound modules that respond to aftertouch. The default 
value for this parameter is zero.
Breath Allows you to send breath control messages on the 
track’s MIDI channel.
Modul. Allows you to send modulation messages on the track’s 
MIDI channel (just as you normally do with a modulation 
wheel on a MIDI keyboard). 
						

							38
MIDI effects
XG Effects + Sends
The following controls are available when the XG Effects 
+ Sends mode is selected:
XG Global Settings
In this mode, the parameters affect global settings in the 
instrument(s). Changing one of these settings for a track 
will in fact affect all MIDI instruments connected to the 
same MIDI output, regardless of the MIDI channel setting 
of the track. Therefore, to avoid confusion it might be a 
good idea to create an empty track and use this only for 
these global settings.
The following controls are available:
Track FX
This plug-in is essentially a duplicate of the Track Parame-
ter section. This can be useful if you e.g. need extra Ran-
dom or Range settings, or if you prefer to have your track 
parameters in a separate window (to get this, [Alt]/[Op-
tion]-click the Edit button for the effect).
The Track FX also includes an additional function that isn’t 
available among the track parameters:
Scale Transpose
This allows you to transpose each incoming MIDI note, so 
that it fits within a selected musical scale. The scale is 
specified by selecting a key (C, C#, D, etc.) and a scale 
type (major, melodic or harmonic minor, blues, etc.).
ÖTo turn Scale Transpose off, select “No Scale” from 
the Scale pop-up menu.
Control Description
Send 1 Send level for the reverb effect. 
Send 2 Send level for the chorus effect.
Send 3 Send level for the “variation” effect.
Attack Adjusts the attack time of the sound. Lowering this value 
shortens the attack, while raising it gives a slower attack. 
Middle position means no adjustment is made.
Release Adjusts the release time of the sound. Lowering this value 
shortens the release, while raising it makes the release 
time longer. Middle position means no adjustment is 
made.
Harm.Cont Adjusts the harmonic content of the sound.
Bright Adjusts the brightness of the sound.
CutOff Adjusts the filter cutoff frequency.
Resonance Adjusts the filter resonance.
Control Description
Eff.  1 This allows you to select which type of reverb effect should 
be used: No effect (the reverb turned off), Hall 1–2, Room 
1–3, Stage 1–2 or Plate.
Eff. 2 This allows you to select which type of chorus effect 
should be used: No effect (the chorus turned off), Chorus 
1–3, Celeste 1–3 or Flanger 1–2.
Eff. 3 This allows you to select one of a large number of “varia-
tion” effect types. Selecting “No Effect” is the same as 
turning off the variation effect.
Reset Sends an XG reset message.
MastVol This is used to control the Master Volume of an instru-
ment. Normally you should leave this in its highest posi-
tion and set the volumes individually for each channel 
(with the volume faders in the Cubase Essential mixer or 
in the Inspector). 
						

							39
MIDI effects
Transformer
With the Transformer you can perform very powerful MIDI 
processing on the fly, without affecting the actual MIDI 
events on the track.
Setting up filter conditions
The upper list is where you set up the filter conditions, de-
termining which events to find. The list contains one or sev-
eral conditions, each on a separate line.
To add a new line (condition) click the Add Line button 
to the right.
The new line is added at the bottom of the list. If there are many lines, you 
may need to use the scrollbar to the right to view them.
To remove a line, select it and click the Delete Line but-
ton to the right.
You set up a filter condition line by clicking in the columns 
and selecting options from the pop-up menus that appear. 
Here is a brief description of the columns:
Conditions
The options in the Condition column have the following 
meaning (note that the available Condition options de-
pend on the Filter Target setting):
ÖThe Conditions for the “Property” filter target are dif-
ferent, see “Searching for properties” on page 41.
Below, the different Filter Targets (and their correspond-
ing Condition and Parameter options) are described in 
more detail.
Column Description
Left bracket This is used for “bracketing” several lines together when 
creating conditions with multiple lines and the boolean 
operators And/Or. See “Combining multiple condition 
lines” on page 42.
Filter Target Here you select which property to look for when finding 
events. Your choice here affects the available options in 
the other columns as well, see below.
Condition This determines how the Transformer should compare 
the property in the Filter Target column to the values in 
the Parameter columns (Equal, Unequal, Bigger, etc. – 
see the separate table below). The available options de-
pend on the Filter Target setting.
Parameter 1 Here you set which value the event properties should be 
compared to (a numeric value or a choice from a pop-up 
menu, depending on the Filter Target). 
Parameter 2 This column is only used if you have selected one of the 
“Range” options in the Condition column. Typically, this 
allows you to find all events with values inside (or out-
side) the range between Parameter 1 and Parameter 2.
Right bracket This is used for “bracketing” several lines together. See 
“Combining multiple condition lines” on page 42.
bool This allows you to insert the boolean operators And/Or, 
when creating conditions with multiple lines. see “Com-
bining multiple condition lines” on page 42.
Condition Events will be found if their Filter Target property…
Equal …has the exact same value as set up in the Parameter 1 
column.
Unequal …has any value other than the one set up in the Parameter 1 
column.
Bigger …has a value higher than the one set up in the Parameter 1 
column.
Bigger or 
Equal…has a value that is the same as or higher than the one set 
up in the Parameter 1 column.
Less …has a value lower than the one set up in the Parameter 1 
column.
Less or 
Equal…has a value that is the same as or lower than the one set 
up in the Parameter 1 column.
Inside 
Range…has a value that is between the values set up in the Param-
eter 1 and Parameter 2 columns. Note that Parameter 1 
should be the lower value and Parameter 2 the higher.
Outside 
Range…has a value that is not between the values set up in the Pa-
rameter 1 and Parameter 2 columns.
Note is 
equal to…is the note specified in the Parameter 1 column, regard-
less of octave (Pitch only). Lets you find e.g. all C notes, in all 
octaves. Column Description 
						

							40
MIDI effects
Searching for notes of certain lengths
Only note events have lengths (actually, a note is made up 
of separate note-on and note-off events but in Cubase 
Essential it is considered as a single event with a length). 
Therefore, the “Length” Filter Target is only valid if you’re 
specifically searching for notes – there has to be another 
condition line with the Filter Target “Type”, Condition 
“Equal” and Parameter 1 set to “Note”. See “Combining 
multiple condition lines” on page 42 for more information 
about using multiple filter conditions.
Searching for Value 1 or Value 2
A MIDI event is composed of several values. The mean-
ings of value 1 and 2 depend on the type of event:
ÖSystem Exclusive events are not included in the table 
above, since they don’t use value 1 and 2.
Since value 1 and 2 have different meanings for different 
events, searching for e.g. value 2 = 64 would both find 
notes with the velocity 64 and controllers with the amount 
64, etc. If this is not what you want, you have to add an ad-
ditional filter condition line with the Filter Target “Type”, 
specifying which type of events to find (see below).The general procedures when searching for value 1 or 2 
are:
If you select any Condition other than the Range options, 
you set up a specific value in the Parameter 1 column.
Here, the Transformer will find all events with a value 2 less than 80.
If you select the Inside or Outside Range option in the 
Condition column, the range consists of the values be-
tween Parameter 1 and Parameter 2.
Note that Parameter 1 must have the lower value.
Searching for note pitch or velocity
If you add another condition line with the Filter Target 
“Type”, Condition “Equal” and Parameter 1 set to “Note”, 
the Transformer will “know” you are searching for pitch or 
velocity. This has the following benefits:
 The Filter Targets Value 1 and Value 2 will be displayed as 
“Pitch” and “Velocity” respectively, making it easier to grasp 
the function of the filter condition.
 Pitch values in the Parameter columns will be displayed as 
note names (C3, D#4, etc.). When entering pitch values you 
can either type a note name or a MIDI note number (0–127).
 When Value 1 (pitch) is selected as Filter Target, an additional 
option appears in the Condition column: “Note is equal to”. 
When this is selected, you specify a note name in the Param-
eter 1 column but without any octave number (C, C#, D, D#, 
etc.). The Transformer can then find all notes of a certain key, 
in all octaves.
See “Combining multiple condition lines” on page 42 for 
more information on working with multiple filter condition 
lines.
Searching for controllers
There is similar extended functionality when searching for 
controllers: If you’ve added an additional “Type = Control-
ler” condition line, the Transformer will “know” you are 
searching for controllers. The Parameter 1 column will 
then show the names of the MIDI controllers (Modulation, 
Volume, etc.) when Value 1 is selected as Filter Target.
Event type Value 1 Value 2
Notes The Note Number/Pitch. The velocity of the note.
PolyPressure The key that was pressed. The amount of pressure for 
the key.
Controller The type of Controller, 
displayed as a number.The amount of Control 
Change.
Program 
ChangeThe Program Change 
number.Not used.
Aftertouch The amount of pressure. Not used.
Pitchbend The “fine tune” of the 
bend. Not always used.The coarse amount of 
bend.
!This is particularly useful when searching for note 
pitch or velocity values, as described below.