Sharp El738 User Guide
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10 Selecting the date format (see page 44) • US (Month-Day-Year): ~ 3 0 (default setting) • EU (Day-Month-Year): ~ 3 1 Operating Modes This calculator has two operating modes, which can be selected using the MODE key. Selecting a mode 1. Press m. The menu display appears. 2. Press 0 or = to se- lect NORMAL mode. • Press 1 or y = to select STAT mode. Operations available in each mode NORMAL mode: Allows you to perform fi nancial, arithmetic, or scientifi c calculations. STAT (statistics) mode: Allows you to perform statistical, arithmetic, or scientifi c calculations. The symbol appears in the display. NORMAL STAT 01 000 SD LINE QUAD 021 (FUUJOH4UBSUFEJOEE(FUUJOH4UBSUFEJOEE1.1.
11 Chapter 2 General Information Basic Calculations Entering numbers and arithmetic operations Use the number keys 0 to 9, decimal point key ., and sign change key , to enter numbers into the calcula- tor. To clear the display or entry, press s. Use the S key to enter a value in scienti c notation. Use the arithmetic keys + - x 8 to perform the standard arithmetic calculations of addition, subtraction, multi- plication, and division. Press = to perform each calculation. Use the ( and ) keys to place parentheses around inner parts of expressions. The closing parenthesis ) just before = or h may be omitted. When you enter a series of operations in one sequence, the calculator performs the calculation according to the priority levels in calculation on page 81. Example Key operation Result 45 + 285 ÷ 3 =s 45 + 285 8 3 =14000 18 + 6 = 15 – 8( 18 + 6 ) 8 ( 15 - 8 = 343 42 × (–5) + 120 =42 x , 5 + 120 = *1 (5 ,)-9000 (5 × 103) ÷ (4 × 10–3) =5 S 3 8 4 S , 3 =125000000 Clearing the Entry and Memories The following methods of clearing the calculator (restoring de- fault settings) are available: *1 (FOFSBM*OGPSNBUJPOJOEE(FOFSBM*OGPSNBUJPOJOEE1.1.
12 *1 N, I/Y, PV, PMT, and FV (P/Y and C/Y are not included.) *2 Note that listed nancial variables sharing common memory with TVM variables, such as “COUPON (PMT)” used in bond calculations, are also cleared or restored to default settings. *3 Listed variables used in nancial calculations (such as “RATE (I/Y),” etc.) including P/Y and C/Y *4 When you press * to enter a nancial calculation, AMRT P1 and AMRT P2 both revert to their default values. The same holds true for YEAR when you press O. *5 With one of the variables of a listed group (such as those used in bond calculations) displayed, when . b is pressed, all the variables in the listed group are cleared or restored to their default settings. Note that TVM variables sharing common memory with listed nancial variables are also cleared or restored to default settings. *6 Press . b when a cash ow value is displayed. *7 Statistical data (entered data) and variables (n, x , etc.) *8 Are cleared when changing between sub-modes in STAT mode. Notes: To clear any of the “A-H, M, X-Z” or “ANS” memories, press s g and then specify the memory. To clear or restore to the default setting one variable or value of TVM variables, listed nancial variables, cash ow data, or S TAT, r e f e r t o the relevant section. If you turn off the calculator (by pressing . c or by let- ting it turn itself off automatically), it will resume wherever you left off when you turn it on again. Delete key To delete a number/function, move the cursor to the number/ function you wish to delete, then press L. If the cursor is located at the right end of an equation or if you are entering a value, the L key will function as a back space key. s . b m (Mode selection) . k 0 (MEM) RESET switch × × × . k 1 (RESET) Operation : Cleared or restored to the default setting : Retained× A-H, M, X-Z Entry (display)ANSTVM variablesListed financial variablesCash flow data ×× ×× × × × STAT × × *1*3*7 *6*2*5 *8 *4 (FOFSBM*OGPSNBUJPOJOEE(FOFSBM*OGPSNBUJPOJOEE1.1.
13 Memory clear key Press . k to display the menu. To clear all (A-H, M, X-Z, ANS, TVM variables, listed nancial variables, cash ow data, and STAT), press 0 0 or 0 = . To RESET the calculator, press 1 0 or 1 = . The RESET operation erases all data stored in memory, and restore the calculator’s default settings. Editing and Correcting an Entry Cursor keys In a menu, such as the SET UP menu, use g or y to select a number (the selected number will blink), then press =. If you need to scroll up or down the screen, use z or i . In nancial calculations, such as bond calculations, press i or z to move through the variables (items). Playback function After obtaining an answer, pressing g brings you to the end of the equation and pressing y brings you to the beginning. Press g or y to move the cursor. Press . g or . y to jump the cursor to the beginning or end of the equation. Insert and overwrite modes in the equation display This calculator has two editing modes: insert mode (default), and overwrite mode. Pressing . d switches between the two modes. A triangular cursor indicates an entry will be inserted at the cursor, while the rectangular cursor indicates existing data will be overwritten as you make entries. To insert a number in the insert mode, move the cursor to the place immediately after where you wish to insert, then make the desired entry. In the overwrite mode, data under the cursor will be overwritten by the number you enter. This mode setting will be retained until you press . d or RESET the calculator. MEM RESET 01 ( FOFSB M *O GP SN BUJP OJO EE (FOFSBM*OGPSNBUJPOJOEE 1 .1.
14 Changing “15 ÷ 3 =” into “25 ÷ 13 =” Procedure Key operation Display 15 ÷ 3 = s 15 8 3 = 15©3= 500 Enter the playback function.y15©3 Switch to overwrite mode.. d15©3 Change “15” to “25” and move the cur- sor to “3”.2 y y25©3 Change to insert mode.. d25©3 Change “3” to “13” and calculate.1 =25©13= 192 Errors An error will occur if an operation exceeds the calculation ranges, or if a mathematically illegal operation is attempted. When an error occurs, pressing g or y automatically moves the cursor to the place in the equation/number where the error occurred. Edit the equation/number or press s to clear the equation. For details, see page 76. Memory Calculations This calculator has 11 temporary memories (A-H and X-Z), one independent memory (M) and one last answer memory (ANS). It also has various variables for use in nancial calculations and statistical calculations. Memory use in each mode for memory calculations NORMAL S TAT Mode : Available : Unavailable× M A-H, X-Z ANSTVM variablesListed financial variablesStatistical variables × ××× *1*2*3 (FOFSBM*OGPSNBUJPOJOEE(FOFSBM*OGPSNBUJPOJOEE1.1.
15 *1 N, I/Y, PV, PMT, FV *2 All nancial variables, except for TVM variables *3 x , sx , σx , n , Σx , Σx2, y , sy , σy , Σy , Σy2, Σxy , r , a , b , c Temporary memories (A-H, X-Z) Press g and the variable key to store a value in memory. Press f and the variable key to recall a value from the memory. To place a variable in an equation, press i and the variable key. Independent memory (M) In addition to all the other features of temporary memories, a value can be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value. Press s g M to clear the independent memory (M). Last answer memory (ANS) The calculation result obtained by pressing = or any other calculation ending instruction (including storing and recalling operations) is automatically stored in the last answer memory. Listed nancial variables are automatically stored in the last answer memory by displaying the variable and the value. TVM variables TVM variables can be recalled using f in the same way as temporary memories. It is not necessary to press g to store a value. Listed fi nancial variables Financial variables are speci c to the type of calculation they are used in. For example, the variable N is available to the TVM solver but not to discounted cash ow analysis calculations. If you want to carry a value from a variable over into a different type of calculation, use one of the following methods: Last answer memory (ANS): Within the original calculation, dis- play the variable and value that you wish to carry over. The value is automatically entered into last answer memory. Press s to exit the calculation (the listed nancial variables will disappear from the screen), and press i / to bring up the value from the previous calculation. M-D-Y (D-M-Y) 1 and M-D-Y (D- M-Y) 2 are not stored in last answer memory. Variables common to both calculations: If the value that you wish to carry over is held in a variable that exists in both types (FOFSBM*OGPSNBUJPOJOEE(FOFSBM*OGPSNBUJPOJOEE1.1.
16
of calculation (for example, both bond calculations and the TVM
solver use the variable I/Y), you can retrieve the value simply by
switching calculation types and bringing up the variable.
Statistical variables
Statistical data is not entered into variables. Statistical variables
are the results of the calculation of statistical data. Therefore,
you cannot enter values directly into statistical variables. After
calculation, however, you can use the values held in statistical
variables in subsequent calculations.
Note: Use of
f or
i will recall the value stored in
memory using up to 14 digits.
Memory calculations
Example Key operation Result
24 ÷ (8
× 2) =
(8
× 2)
× 5 =s 8
x 2
g
M
24
8
i
M
=
i
M
x 5
=1600150
8000
$150
×3:M1+)$250:M2=M1+250
–)M2×5%
M
s
g
M
150
x 3
h
250
h
f
M
x 5
.
%
.
j
f
M00045000
25000
3500
66500
$1 = ¥110
¥26,510 = $?
$2,750 = ¥?110
g
Y
26510
8
f
Y
=
2750
x
f
Y
=1100024100
30250000
r = 3 cm (r
→Y)
πr2 = ?3
g
Y
.
t
i
Y*
.
;
=300
2827
24
4 + 6 = 2.4...(A)
3
× (A) + 60 ÷ (A) =24
8
( 4
+ 6
)
=
3
x
i
/
+ 60
8
i
/
=240
3220
* Entry of the multiplication procedure is omitted between “
π”
and a variable.
(FOFSBM*OGPSNBUJPOJOEE(FOFSBM*OGPSNBUJPOJOEE1.1.
17 Chapter 3 Financial Functions General Information Financial calculations The following fi nancial functions are available. Use NORMAL mode to perform fi nancial calculations. TVM (Time Value of Money) solver: Analyze equal and regular cash fl ows. These include calculations for mortgages, loans, leases, savings, annuities and contracts or investments with regular payments. Amortization calculations: Calculate and create amortization schedules using values stored in the TVM solver. Discounted cash fl ow analysis: Analyze unequal cash fl ows and calculate NPV (net present value) and IRR (internal rate of return). Bond calculations: Solve bond prices or yields to maturity with accrued interest. Depreciation calculations: Obtain depreciation base values using three types of calculation methods. Conversion between APR and EFF: Interest rates can be converted between APR (annual, or nominal percentage rate) and EFF (effective interest rate). Day and date calculations: Calculate dates and the number of days between dates. Percent change/Compound interest calculations: Calculate percent change (increase or decrease) and compound interest rates. Cost/Sell/Margin/Markup calculations: Calculate cost, selling price and margin/markup. Breakeven calculations: Calculate breakeven points (quantity) using fi xed costs, variable costs per unit, unit prices, and profi t. JOBODJBMVODUJPOT$VSSFOUJOEEJOBODJBMVODUJPOT$VSSFOUJOEE1.1.
18 Variables used in fi nancial calculations Financial calculations use multiple variables. By entering known values into variables, you can obtain unknown values. Variables used in fi nancial calculations are categorized into the following two types, depending on the entry method. TVM variables: Variables that are used in the TVM solver. These include N, I/Y, PV, PMT and FV. You can store, recall or calculate values directly using the corresponding keys. Listed fi nancial variables: Variables that are organized into lists in different categories. These variables can be accessed using the z/ i cursor keys in each calculation. P/Y and C/Y in the TVM solver are of this type of variable. Variables shared among calculations Financial variables are specifi c to the type of calculation they are used in. Values are stored in these variables and recalled as required. Some variables are shared (in the memory area) among calculations. If you change the value of a variable in one calculation, the value will change in all the other calculations as well. The following list shows the variables shared between calculations. While calculating, be aware of the values stored in these variables. TVM solverDiscounted cash fl ow analysisBond calculationsDepreciation calculationsPercent change/ Compound inter- est calculationsDay and date calculations N — CPN/Y (N) LIFE (N) PERIODS (N) — I/Y RATE (I/Y) YIELD (I/Y) DB (I/Y) % (I/Y) — PV — PRICE (PV) COST (PV) OLD PRC (PV) — PMT —COUPON (PMT)——— FV —REDEMPT (FV)SALVAGE (FV) NEW PRC (FV) — ——M-D-Y 1 D-M-Y 1 ——M-D-Y 1 D-M-Y 1 ——M-D-Y 2 D-M-Y 2——M-D-Y 2 D-M-Y 2 *The variable names vary according to the data format settings.* * * * JOBODJBMVODUJPOT$VSSFOUJOEEJOBODJBMVODUJPOT$VSSFOUJOEE1.1.
19 Basic variable operations TVM variables (N, I/Y, PV, PMT, FV) A. Entering a value Enter a value and then press the corresponding TVM vari- able key. Note: You can also enter values into variables using arithmetic operations. Ex. 100 x 12 u B. Displaying a value Press f and the corresponding TVM variable key. C. Executing calculation Press @ and the corresponding TVM variable key. Listed fi nancial variables A. Entering a value 1. Select the desired fi nancial calculation method by press- ing the corresponding fi nancial calculation key. 2. Use z/ i to select the variable you wish to enter. 3. Enter the value and press Q when the “ENT” symbol appears. Note: In step 3, you can also enter values into variables using arithmetic operations. Ex. 100 x 12 Q B. Displaying a value 1. Use z/ i to show the variable and value. C. Executing calculation 1. Use z/ i to select the variable you wish to calculate. 2. Press @ when the “COMP” symbol appears. Note: Pressing . b resets all the variables in the dis- played listed fi nancial group to the default values. For details, see the relevant sections for each fi nancial calcu- lation. JOBODJBMVODUJPOT$VSSFOUJOEEJOBODJBMVODUJPOT$VSSFOUJOEE1.1.