Samsung Syncmaster 2220lm Quick Start Guide

							
Menu
Description
Information Shows a video source, display mode on the OSD screen.  
 
[MENU 
→ ,   → MENU] 
						

							
 
Model     
 
 
  C h e c k   L i st
 
B e f o r e   c a lli ng   f o r   s e r v i c e ,  c he ck   t he   i n f o r m a t i o n   i n  t h i s   s e c t i o n  t o   s e e   i f  y ou   c a n   r e m ed y   an y 
p r ob l e m s   y ou r s e l f. If  y o u   do   n e ed   a ss i s t a n c e ,  p l ea s e   c a ll  t he   ph o ne   nu m be r   on  t h e 
I n f o r m a t i on   s e c t i on   o r   c on t a c t   y ou r   d ea l er .
 
 
S y m p t om C h eck   L i st S o l u t i o ns
N o   i m age s   on  t h e 
sc r een .   I  c ann o t t u r n 
o n  t he   m on i t o r. I s  t he   p o w e r   c o r d   c on n e c t ed 
p r op e r l y? C h e ck  t he   p o w e r   c o r d   c o n ne c t i on 
a nd   s u p p l y.
C a n   y ou   s e e 
 C h e c k   S i gn a l  C a b l e  
o n  t he   sc r een ?  ( C o n n ec t e d   u s i n g   t h e   D - s u b 
c a b l e)  
C h e ck  t he   s i g n a l   c ab l e   c o nne c t i on . 
I f t he   p o w e r   i s   o n ,  r e b oo t t h e 
c o m pu t e r  t o   s ee  t he   i n i t i a l   sc r een
( t he   l o g i n   sc r e e n ) ,  w h i c h   c an   be 
s e en .  I f t he   i n i t i a l   s c r een   ( t he   l o g i n   sc r e e n ) 
a ppea r s ,  bo o t t he   c o m pu t e r   i n  t h e 
a pp li c ab l e   m ode   ( t he   s a f e   m o d e  f o r 
W i n d o w s   M E / X P / 2 0 00 )   a nd  t h e n 
c h ange   t he  f r equen cy   o f t he   v i d eo 
c a r d . 
( R e f e r  t o  t h e  P r e s e t  T i m i ng   M o des ) 
N o t e : If t h e   i n i t i a l   sc r e en   ( t he   l og i n 
sc r een )   doe s   n o t  ap p ea r ,  c o n t a c t 
t he   S e r v i c e   C e n t e r   o r   y ou r   dea l er .   
C a n   y ou   s e e 
 N o t   O p t i m u m 
M o d e  ,  R ec o m m e n d e d   M o d e 
1 680   x   1050   6 0 H z   on  t h e   sc r ee n ?  Y o u   c an   s ee   t h i s   m e ss a g e   w hen   t he 
s i g na l  f r o m  t he   v i d eo   c a r d   e xc ee d s 
t he   m a x i m u m   r e s o l u t i o n   and 
f r eq u en cy  t ha t  t he   m on i t o r   c an 
h and l e   p r op e r l y .   
 
A d j u s t   t he   m a x i m u m   r e s o l u t i o n   and   S y n c M a s t e r   2220LM 
						

							
frequency that the monitor can 
handle properly.  
 
 
If the display exceeds SXGA or 75 
Hz, a 
Not Optimum 
Mode,Recommended mode 
1680 x 1050 60 Hz  message is 
displayed. If the display exceeds 85 
Hz, the display will work properly but 
the  Not Optimum 
Mode,Recommended Mode 
1680 x 1050 60 Hz  message 
appears for one minute and then 
disappears.  
Please change to the recommended 
mode during this one-minute period. 
 
(The message is displayed again if 
the system is rebooted.) 
There is no image on the screen.  
Is the power indicator on the monitor 
blinking at 1 second intervals? The monitor is in PowerSaver mode.  
 
press a key on the keyboard to 
activate the monitor and restore the 
image on the screen.  
 
If there is still no image, 
press the 
 button.  
Then press any key on the keyboard 
again to activate the monitor and 
restore the image on the screen. I cannot see the On 
Screen Display.
Have you locked the On Screen 
Display (OSD) Menu to prevent 
changes? Unlock the OSD by pressing the 
[MENU / ] button for at least 5 
seconds.The screen shows 
strange colors or just 
black and white.
Is the screen displaying only one 
color as if looking at the screen 
through a cellophane paper?  Check the signal cable 
connection.Make sure the video 
card is fully inserted in its slot.
Have the screen colors become 
strange after running a program or 
due to a crash between 
applications? Reboot the computer.
Has the video card been set 
properly? Set the video card by referring to the 
video card manual. 
The screen suddenly 
has become 
unbalanced. Have you changed the video card or 
the driver?
Adjust screen image position and 
size using the OSD.
Have you adjusted the resolution or 
frequency to the monitor? Adjust the resolution and frequency 
at the video card.  
(Refer to the 
Preset Timing Modes ).
The screen can be unbalanced due to the cycle of the video card signals. 
Readjust Position by referring to the OSD.
The screen is out of 
focus or OSD cannot  Have you adjusted the resolution or 
frequency on the monitor? Adjust the resolution and frequency 
of the video card.   
						

							
 
 b
e  ad ju sted. (R efe r t o the  Pre se t T im ing  M odes ).
L E D  is  b lin kin g bu t no 
i m age s o n  the  sc reen. I
s  t he  freque ncy  p ro pe rly  a dju sted 
w hen  c he ckin g t he  Di sp la y T im ing 
o n  the  m enu? A
dju st t he  freque ncy  p ro pe rly  b y 
r e fe rr ing  to  the  v id eo  c a rd  m an ua l 
a nd  the  Pre se t T im ing  M odes .  
( T he m axim um  freque ncy  pe r 
r e so lu tio n m ay d if f e r f ro m  p rodu ct t o 
p rod uct. ) 
T he re  a re  on ly  1 6 
c o lo rs  s h ow n on  the 
sc reen . 
T he  sc reen  c o lo rs 
h a ve  c h anged  a ft er 
c h ang ing  t he  v ide o 
c a rd. H
ave  the  W ind ow s c o lo rs  b een  s e t 
p rop erly ?  W
in do w s M E/200 0/X P: 
S et t he  c o lo rs  p ro pe rly  a t t he 
C on tr o l P an el →
 D is p la y  →
 
S ett in gs . 
H as t he  v ide o c a rd  been  s e t 
p rop erly? S
et t he  v ide o c a rd  b y r e fe rr in g t o the 
v id eo  c a rd  m anua l. 
T he re  is  a  m ess age 
t ha t read s 
 U nre co gn iz ed 
m on it o r,  P lu g  &  P la y 
( V ES A D DC ) m on it o r 
f ound .  H
ave  y ou  in sta ll e d  the  m on it o r 
d riv e r? I
n sta ll t he  m on it o r d riv e r a cc ord ing 
t o  the  Driv e r I nsta lla tion  Instr u ctio ns .
S ee t he  v ide o c a rd  m anu al t o s ee  if 
t he  P lug  &  P la y ( V E SA  D D C) 
f un ction  c a n  be  s u ppo rted .  I
n sta ll t he  m on it o r d riv e r a cc ord ing 
t o  the  Driv e r I nsta lla tion  Instr u ctio ns .
P ro b le m s r e la ted  t o 
A udio  N
o s ound  Ensu re  that t he  a ud io  c ab le  is  f irm ly 
c o nne cte d  to b oth  the  aud io -in  po rt 
o n  y ou r m onit o r a nd  the  a ud io -o u t 
p o rt  on  y ou r s ound  c a rd .  
( R efe r t o  Conne cting  t he  M on it or )  
 
C he ck  the  v o lu m e le ve l. 
S ound  le ve l  is  t oo lo w .  Che ck  the  v o lu m e le ve l.   
 
I f t he  v o lu m e is  s till  too lo w  a fter 
t u rn in g t he  c o ntr o l t o it s  m axim um , 
c h e ck  the  v o lu m e c o n tr o l  o n  the 
c o m pu te r s ou nd  c a rd  o r s o ft w are 
p rog ra m.
 
   
  C
heck  t h e f o ll o wi ng  ite m s if t h ere  is t r o u ble  wi th  t h e m onit o r. 
1 . Che ck  if t he  po wer c o rd  a nd  the  v id eo  c ab le s a re  p rope rly  c onn ected  to the  c o m pu te r.  
2 . Che ck  if t he  c o m pu te r b eep s m ore  than  3  tim es w hen  b oo ting . 
( If  it  doe s,  re que st  an a fter- se rv ic e  for t he  m ain  b oa rd  o f t he  c o m pu te r.)   
3 . If  you  in sta ll e d  a  n ew  v id eo  c a rd  o r if   y ou  a ss em bled  the  P C ,  c he ck if t he in sta lled  the  ada pter
( v ideo ) d riv e r and  the  m on it o r d riv e r.  
4 . Che ck  if t he  s ca nn ing  r a tio  o f t he  v ide o sc ree n is  s e t at 56  H z ~  75  H z.  
( D o no t  e xc eed  6 0  H z w hen  u sing  the  m axim um  r e so lu tion .)   
5 . If  you  h ave  p ro b le m s in  in sta lli ng  the  adap te r ( v id eo ) d riv e r,  boo t the  c o m pu te r in  S afe  M ode , 
r e m ove  the  Di sp la y A dap te r a t t he  
C on tr o l P an el →
 S yste m  →
 D ev ice  A dm in is tr a tor 
 and 
t hen  r eboo t t he  c o m pu te r t o r e in sta ll t he  adap te r ( v id eo ) d riv e r.  
   
If  pro b le m s r epea ted ly  o cc ur,  co n ta ct  an  au th oriz ed  s e rv ic e  c en ter . 
						

							
 
 
  Q & A
  Q u es t i on  
A n s w er  
H o w   c an  I  c h a nge  t h e 
f r eq u en cy? F r e q uen cy   c a n   be   c h a nged   b y   r e c o n f i gu r i n g  t he   v i d e o   c a r d .   
 
N o t e  t ha t   v i deo   c a r d   s up p o r t  c a n   v a r y ,  d epen d i n g   on   t he   v e r s i o n 
o f t he   d r i v e r   u s ed .  ( R e f e r   t o  t he   c o m pu t e r   o r  t he   v i d e o   c a r d 
m anu a l   f o r   d e t a il s . ) 
H o w   c an  I  a d j u s t t he   r e s o l u t i o n? W i n d o w s   M E / X P / 2 0 00  :  S e t t h e   r e s o l u t i on   a t  t he   C on t r o l 
P a n el →
Di s p l ay →
S e t t i n g s .  
 
*   C on t a c t t he   v i d eo   c a r d   m a n u f a c t u r e r  f o r   de t a i l s.
H o w   c an  I  s e t  t he   P o w e r   S a v i n g 
f un c t i on? W i n d o w s   M E / X P / 2 0 00  :  S e t t h e  f un c t i o n   a t  B IO S - SE T U P   o f t h e 
c o m pu t e r   o r  t he   sc r een   s a v e r .  ( R e f e r   t o   W i ndo w s / C o m p u t e r 
M anu a l ) .  
H o w   c an  I  c l ea n  t he   o u t e r 
c a s e / L CD   P ane l? Di sc o n ne c t t h e   po w e r   c o r d   a nd  t h e n   c l ean   t he   m o n i t o r   wi t h   a   s o ft 
c l o t h ,  u s i ng   e i t he r   a   c l ean i n g   s o l u t i on   o r   p l a i n   w a t e r .  
 
D o   no t  l e a v e   an y   r e m a i n s   o f t he   d e t e r g en t  n o r   sc r a t c h  t he   c a s e . 
D o   no t  a ll o w   a n y   w a t e r  t o   go   i n s i d e  t he   m on i t o r . 
 
 
  S e l f - T e s t   F e a t u r e   C h e ck
 
S e l f - T e s t  F ea t u r e   C he ck    |    W a r n i ng   M e ss age s    |    E n v i r on m e nt     |    U s e f u l   T i ps
 
Y o u r   m o n i t o r   p r o v i d es   a   se l f   t es t   f e a t u r e   t h a t   a ll o w s   y o u   t o   c h eck  w h e t h e r   y o u r   m o n i t o r   i s 
f u n c t i o n i n g   p r o p e r l y .  
 
 
 
 
  S e l f - T es t   F e a t u r e   C h eck 
 
1 . T u r n   o ff  b o t h   y ou r   c o m p u t e r   and  t h e   m on i t o r .   
2 . U n p l ug  t h e   v i deo   c a b l e  f r o m  t he   b a ck   o f t h e   c o m p u t e r .  
3 . T u r n   on  t h e   m o n i t o r .  
I f t he   m on i t o r   i s  f un c t i o n i n g   p r o pe r l y ,  y o u   wil l   s ee   a   b o x   i n  t he   i ll u s t r a t i on   b e l o w .   
 
 
 
T h i s   bo x   appe a r s   du r i ng   no r m a l   o p e r a t i o n   i f t he   v i d eo   c ab l e   be c o m e s   d i sc onn e c t ed   o r 
d a m a g ed . 
  
						

							
4.Turn off your monitor and reconnect the video cable; then turn on both your computer and the 
monitor.  
If your monitor screen remains blank after using the previous procedure, check your video 
controller and computer system; your monitor is functioning properly.   
 
  W a r n i ng   M ess a g e s   
 
I f t he r e   i s   s o m e t h i ng   w r ong   wi t h  t h e   i npu t   s i g na l ,  a   m e ss age   appea r s   on  t h e   sc r e e n   o r   t he 
sc r een   g oe s   b l a n k   a l t hou g h  t he   p o w e r   i n d i c a t o r   L E D   i s   s t ill   on .   T he   m e ss ag e   m a y   i n d i c a t e 
t ha t t h e   m on i t o r   i s   ou t   o f  sc an   r ang e   o r  t h a t  y ou   n eed  t o   c he ck  t h e   s i gna l   c a b l e . 
 
 
 
 
  E n v i r o n m e n t   
 
T h e  l o c a t i o n   a n d   t h e   p o s i t i o n   o f   t h e   m o n i t o r   m ay  i n f l u e n c e   t h e   q u a li t y   a n d   o t h e r 
f ea t u r es   o f   t h e   m o n i t o r . 
1 . I f t he r e   a r e   an y   s u b   w oo f e r   s pea k e r s   nea r  t he   m on i t o r ,  unp l u g   and   r e l o c a t e  t he   w o o f e r 
t o   ano t he r   r oo m .   
2 . R e m o v e   a l l   e l e c t r o n i c   d e v i c e s   s u c h   a s   r ad i o s , f an s ,  c l o cks   and  t e l e phone s   t ha t  a r e 
wi t h i n   3  f e e t  ( on e   m e t e r)   o f t he   m on i t o r .   
 
 
  U s e f u l  T i p s 
 
l
A   m on i t o r   r e c r e a t e s   v i s ua l   s i g na l s   r e c e i v e d  f r o m  t he   c o m pu t e r .  T he r e f o r e ,  i f t he r e   i s  t r o ub l e   wi t h 
t he   c o m pu t e r   o r  t h e   v i deo   c a r d , t h i s   c an   c au s e  t he   m on i t o r  t o   be c o m e   b l a n k ,  ha v e   poo r   c o l o r i ng , 
n o i s e ,  V i deo   m ode   n o t  s upp o r t ed ,   e t c . I n   t h i s   c a s e , f i r s t  c he ck  t h e   s ou r c e   o f t h e   p r o b l e m ,  a nd 
t hen   c o n t a c t  t he   S e r v i c e   C e n t e r   o r   y ou r   dea l er .   
 
l
J u d g i n g   t h e   m o n i t o r  s   w o r k i n g   c o n d i t i o n   
I f t he r e   i s   no   i m age   o n  t he   sc r een   o r   a 
 N o t   O p t i m u m   M o d e  ,  R e c o m m e n d e d   M o d e   1680   X 
1 050   6 0   H z   m e ss ag e   c o m e s   up ,  d i sc o n ne c t t h e   c ab l e  f r o m  t h e   c o m p u t e r   w h i l e  t he   m on i t o r   i s 
s t i ll   p o w e r e d   on . 
¡
I f t he r e   i s   a   m e ss age   c o m i ng   u p   on  t h e   sc r ee n   o r   i f  t he   sc r e en   go e s   w h i t e , t h i s   m ean s   t he 
m on i t o r   i s   i n   w o r k i n g   c ond i t i o n .   
¡
I n  t h i s   c a s e ,  c he ck  t h e   c o m p u t e r  f o r  t r oub l e .   
						

							
 
Model     
 
  General
 G
en eral
M ode l  N ame Syn cM aste r 2220LM
L CD  P an el
S ize 22  W ide  Di agona l  ( 5 5 .9  c m)
Di sp la y a rea 473 .7 6 mm (H ) x  29 6.1  m m(V)
P ix e l  P it ch 0.282  m m  ( H ) x  0 .2 82  m m ( V)
S yn ch ro niz a tion
H oriz on tal 30  ~  81  k Hz
V ertic al 56  H z ~  75  Hz
D is p la y C olor
1 6 .7  M
R es o lu tion
O ptim um  r e so lu tion 1680  x  1 050  @  60  Hz
M axim um  r e so lu tion 1680  x  1 050  @  60  Hz
I n pu t S ig n al, T erm in ated
R G B A na lo g. 
0 .7  V p-p  ± 5  % 
s e pa ra te  H /V  sy nc,  C om po sit e , S O G 
T T L le ve l  ( V  h igh  ≥
 2 .0  V , V  lo w  ≤
 0 .8  V)
M ax im um  P ixe l C lo ck  S
yn cM aste r 2220LM 
						

							
150 MHz 
Power Supply
AC 100 - 240 V~ (+/- 10 %), 50/60 Hz 
Signal Cable
15pin-to-15pin D-sub cable, Detachable 
Dimensions (WxHxD) / Weigh
517.26 X 362.48 X 61.56 mm / 20.4 x 14.3 x 2.4 inch (Without Stand) 
517.26 X 424.38 X 207.83 mm / 20.4 x 16.7 x 8.2 inch (With Stand) / 5.1 kg / 11.2 lbs
VESA Mounting Interface
100 mm x 100 mm (For use with Specialty(Arm) Mounting hardware.)
Max internal speaker
2 W
Environmental considerations
Operating
Temperature : 14 °F~104  °F (-10  ℃~ 40  ℃)  
Humidity : 20% ~ 80%, non-condensing
Storage Temperature : -4 °F~140  °F (-20  ℃~ 60  ℃)  
Humidity: 10 % ~ 80 %, non-condensing
Plug and Play Capability
This monitor can be installed on any Plug & Play compatible system. Interaction of the monitor and 
computer systems will provide the best operating conditions and monitor settings. In most cases, 
monitor installation will proceed automatically, unless the user wishes to select alternate settings.
Dot Acceptable
TFT LCD panel manufactured by using advanced semiconductor technology with precision of 1ppm 
(one millionth) above is used for this product. But the pixels of RED, GREEN, BLUE and WHITE 
color seem to be bright sometimes or some of black pixels could be seen. This is not from bad 
quality and you can use it without uneasiness. 
l For example, the number of TFT LCD sub pixels that is contained in this product are 3,888,000.  
Note: Design and specifications are subject to change without prior notice.
Class B Equipment (Information Communication equipment for residential use)
This product complies with the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directives for residential use and can 
be used in all areas including common residential areas.  
 
(Class B equipment emits less electromagnetic waves than Class A equipment.)
 
  
  PowerSaver
   
						

							
This monitor has a built-in power management system called PowerSaver. This system saves energy 
by switching your monitor into a low-power mode when it has not been used for a certain amount of 
time. The monitor automatically returns to normal operation when you press a key on the keyboard. For 
energy conservation, turn your monitor OFF when it is not needed, or when leaving it unattended for 
long periods. The PowerSaver system operates with a VESA DPM compliant video card installed in 
your computer. Use a software utility installed on your computer to set up this feature. 
 
S
ta te  
Norm al O pera tion  
Pow er sav in g  m ode   P
ow er o ff 
( P ow er b utton  O FF)  
EP A/E N ER G Y 2000  
P ow er I nd ic a tor Blue Blue  b li n king Off
P ow er C on su m ption Le ss  tha n 55  w atts  L
e ss  than 
1  w atts  L
e ss  than 
1  w atts
  T
his  m on it o r is  EP A E N ER G Y S TAR ®
 c o m plian t and  E N ER G Y20 00 
c o m plian t w hen  u se d wi th  a  c o m pu te r equ ip ped  wi th  VE SA D PM 
f un ction alit y . 
A s a n E N ER G Y S TAR ®
 P artne r,  S AM SUN G ha s d e te rm ined  tha t t his 
p rod uct  m eets  t he  E N ER G Y S TAR ®
 g u ide line s f or en erg y e ff ic ie n cy.
 
   
  P
rese t T im in g M od es
 
I f t he  s ig na l t ra nsfe rred  fro m  the c o m pute r is  t he  s a m e a s t he f ollo wi ng  P re se t  T im in g M od es, t he 
sc reen  will  b e ad ju ste d au to m atic a lly .  H ow eve r,  if t he  s ig na l  d iff ers , t he  s creen  m ay go  b lan k w hile 
t he  po wer L E D  is  on . R efe r t o t he  v ide o c a rd  m anu al  and  a dju st t he  sc reen  a s f ollo w s.  
 
T ab le  1 . P rese t T im in g M od es  D
is p la y M ode H
oriz o n ta l 
F re q uen cy 
( k H z) V
ertic a l 
F re q uen cy 
( H z)  P
ix el  C lo ck 
( M Hz)  S
yn c P ola rit y 
( H /V)
I B M . 640  x  350  31 .46 9  70 .08 6  25 .17 5  +/- 
I B M . 640  x  480  31 .46 9  59 .94 0  25 .17 5  -/- 
I B M . 720  x  400  31 .46 9  70 .08 7  28 .32 2  -/+ 
M AC . 640  x  4 80  35 .00 0  66 .66 7  30 .24 0  -/- 
M AC . 832  x  6 24  49 .72 6  74 .55 1  57 .28 4  -/- 
M AC . 1152  x  870  68 .68 1  75 .06 2  100 .0 00 -/- 
VE SA. 640  x  48 0  31 .46 9  59 .94 0  25 .17 5  -/- 
VE SA. 640  x  48 0  37 .86 1  72 .80 9  31 .50 0  -/- 
VE SA. 640  x  48 0  37 .500 75 .00 0  31 .50 0  -/-  
						

							
  
 
 VE S A .  8 0 0   x   60 0  3 5 . 15 6  5 6 . 25 0  3 6 . 00 0  + / + 
VE S A .  8 0 0   x   60 0  3 7 . 87 9  6 0 . 31 7  4 0 . 00 0  + / + 
VE S A .  8 0 0   x   60 0  4 8 . 07 7  7 2 . 18 8  5 0 . 00 0  + / + 
VE S A .  8 0 0   x   60 0  4 6 . 87 5  7 5 . 00 0  4 9 . 50 0  + / + 
VE S A .  1 0 24   x   7 6 8  4 8 . 36 3  6 0 . 00 4  6 5 . 00 0  - / - 
VE S A .  1 0 24   x   7 6 8  5 6 . 47 6  7 0 . 06 9  7 5 . 00 0  - / - 
VE S A .  1 0 24   x   7 6 8  6 0 . 02 3  7 5 . 02 9  7 8 . 75 0  + / + 
VE S A .  1 1 52   x   8 6 4  6 7 . 50 0  7 5 . 00 0  1 08 . 0 0 0  + / + 
VE S A . 1 2 80   x   960 6 0 . 00 0  6 0 . 00 0  1 08 . 0 00 + / + 
VE S A . 1 2 80   x   10 2 4  7 9 . 97 6  7 5 . 02 5  1 35 . 0 0 0  + / + 
VE S A .  1 4 40   x   9 0 0  5 5 . 93 5  5 9 . 88 7  1 06 . 5 0 0  - / + 
VE S A . 1 6 80   x   10 50 6 5 . 29 5 9 . 954 1 46 . 26 - / + 
H o r i z o n t a l  F r e q u e n cy
T he   t i m e  t o   sc a n   one   l i n e   c onn e c t i ng  t he   r i gh t  e dge  t o  t he   l e ft   edge   o f 
t he   sc r e en   ho r i z on t a ll y   i s   c a ll ed   H o r i z on t a l   C yc l e   and  t h e   i n v e r s e 
n u m b e r   o f  t he   H o r i z o n t a l   C yc l e   i s   c a ll ed   H o r i z on t a l   F r e q uen cy .  U n i t: 
k H z   
 
V e r t i c a l  F r e q u e n cy
L i k e   a  f l uo r e sc en t   l a m p ,  t he   sc r e e n   ha s   t o   r e p ea t t h e   s a m e   i m age 
m an y  t i m e s   pe r   s e c ond   t o   d i s p l a y   a n   i m ag e  t o  t h e   u s e r .   T he 
f r eq u en cy   o f t h i s   r ep e t i t i on   i s   c a ll ed   V e r t i c a l   F r equen cy   o r   R e f r e s h 
R a t e .  U n i t:  Hz