Samsung Nx 300 M Owners Manual
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20 Concepts in Photography How the aperture setting, shutter speed, and ISO sensitivity control exposure The aperture setting, shutter speed, and ISO sensitivity are closely interconnected in photography. The aperture setting controls the opening that regulates the light that enters the camera, while the shutter speed determines the length of time that light is allowed to enter. ISO sensitivity determines the speed at which the film reacts to light. Together, these three aspects are described as the triangle of exposure. A change in shutter speed, aperture value, or ISO sensitivity can be offset by adjustments to the others to maintain the amount of light. The results, however, change according to the settings. For example, shutter speed is useful in expressing movement, aperture can control the depth of field, and ISO sensitivity can control the graininess of a photo. Settings Results Aperture value Wide aperture = more light Narrow aperture = less light Wide = small depth of field Narrow = large depth of field SettingsResults Shutter speed Fast speed = less light Slow speed = more light Fast = still Slow = blurry ISO sensitivity High sensitivity = more sensitive to light Low sensitivity = less sensitive to light High = more grainy Low = less grainy
21 Concepts in Photography Correlation between focal length, angle, and perspective Focal length, which is measured in millimeters, is the distance between the middle of the lens to its focal point. It affects the angle and perspective of captured images. A short focal length translates into a wide angle, which allows you to capture a wide shot. A long focal length translates into a narrow angle, which allows you to capture telephoto shots. Short focal length wide shot wide angle wide-angle lens Long focal length telephoto shot narrow angle telephoto lens Look at these photos below and compare the changes. 18 mm angle 55 mm angle200 mm angle Normally, a lens with a wide angle is suitable for shooting landscapes and a lens with a narrow angle is recommended for shooting sports events or portraits.
22 Concepts in Photography Depth of field Portraits or still-life photos mostly acclaimed by people are the ones on which the background is out of focus so the subject looks pronounced. Depending on the focused areas, a photo can be blurred or sharpened. This is called ‘a low DOF’ or ‘a high DOF’. The depth of field is the focused area around the subject. Therefore, a small DOF signifies that the focused area is narrow and a large DOF means the focused area is wide. A photo with a small DOF, which stresses the subject and makes the rest of it blurred, can be obtained by using a telescope lens or selecting a low aperture value. Conversely, a photo with a large DOF which shows all the elements on the photo sharply focused can be achieved by using a wide angle lens or selecting a high aperture value. Small Depth of FieldLarge Depth of Field What controls out-of-focus effects? DOF depends on aperture value The wider the aperture is (namely the lower the aperture value), the lower the DOF becomes. Under the condition where the other values including shutter speed and ISO sensitivity are equal, a low aperture value leads to a photo with a low DOF. 55 mm F5.7 55 mm F22
23 Concepts in Photography DOF depends on focal length The longer the focal length is, the lower the DOF gets. A telescope lens with a longer focal length than a telescope lens with a short focal length is better to capture a photo of a low DOF. A photo captured with a 18 mm telescope lens A photo captured with a 100 mm telescope lens DOF depends on the distance between the subject and the camera The shorter the distance between the subject and the camera is, the lower the DOF gets. Therefore, taking a photo close to a subject can result in a photo of low DOF. A photo captured with a 100 mm telescope lens A photo captured close to the subject
24 Concepts in Photography Optical preview You can press the Custom button to view the optical preview before capturing a photo. The camera adjusts the aperture to the predefined settings and shows the results on the screen. Set the Custom button to Optical preview. (p. 150) Composition It is fun to capture a photo of the beauty of world with a camera. No matter how the world is beautiful, however, a poor composition cannot capture the beauty of it. When it comes to composition, it is very important to prioritize subjects. Composition in photography means arranging objects in a photo. Usually, abiding by the rule of thirds leads to a good composition. Rule of Thirds To use the rule of thirds, divide the image into a 3x3 pattern of equal rectangles. To compose photos that best emphasize the subject, make sure the subject is located at one of the corners of the center rectangle.
25 Concepts in Photography Using the rule of thirds will create photos with stable and compelling compositions. Below are a few examples.Photos with two subjects If your subject is in one corner of the photo, it creates an unbalanced composition. You can stabilize the photo by capturing a second subject in the opposite corner to balance the weight of the photo. Subject 1Subject 2Subject 1 Subject 2 Unstable Stable When taking landscape photos, centering the horizon will create an unbalanced effect. Give more weight to the photo by moving the horizon up or down. Subject 1 Subject 2Subject 1 Subject 2 Unstable Stable
26 Concepts in Photography Flash guide number The model number of a flash refers to the flash’s power, and the maximum amount of light created is represented by a value known as a “guide number.” The bigger the guide number, the more light is emitted from the flash. The guide number is achieved by multiplying the distance from the flash to the subject and the aperture value when the ISO sensitivity is set to 100. Guide number = Flash to Subject Distance X Aperture value Aperture value = Guide number / Flash to Subject Distance Flash to Subject Distance = Guide number / Aperture value Therefore, if you know the guide number of a flash, you can estimate an optimum flash to subject distance when setting the flash manually. For example, if a flash has a guide number of GN 20 and is 4 meters away from the subject, the optimal aperture value is F5.0. Flash Light is one of the most important components in photography. It’s not easy, however, to have an enough amount of light anytime and anywhere. Making use of a flash allows you to optimize light settings and create a variety of effects. Flash, also known as strobe or speed light, helps to create adequate exposure in low-light conditions. It is also useful in light-abundant situations. For example, flash can be used in compensating the exposure of a subject’s shadow or capturing clearly both the subject and the background in backlit conditions. Before correctionAfter correction
27 Concepts in Photography Bounce Photography Bounce photography refers to the method of bouncing light off of the ceiling or walls so that the light spreads evenly over the subject. Normally, photos captured with flash may appear unnatural and cast shadows. Subjects in photos captured with bounce photography cast no shadows and look smooth due to evenly spread light.
Chapter 1 My Camera Learn about your camera’s layout, display icons, lens, optional accessories, and basic functions.
My Camera 29 Getting started Unpacking Check your product box for the following items. Camera (including the body cap and hot-shoe cover) AC adapter/USB cable Rechargeable battery External flash Software CD-ROM (User manual included) Adobe Photoshop Lightroom DVD-ROM Quick Start Guide Strap • The illustrations may differ from your actual items. • You can purchase optional accessories at a retailer or a Samsung service center. Samsung is not responsible for any problems caused by using unauthorized accessories. For information about accessories, refer to page 195.