Netgear Router WGR614 V5 User Manual

							Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v5
Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics B-11
July 2004 202-10036-01
Stateful Packet Inspection
Unlike simple Internet sharing routers, a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to 
ensure secure firewall filtering to protect your network from attacks and intrusions. Since 
user-level applications such as FTP and Web browsers can create complex patterns of network 
traffic, it is necessary for the firewall to analyze groups of network connection states. Using 
Stateful Packet Inspection, an incoming packet is intercepted at the network layer and then 
analyzed for state-related information associated with all network connections. A central cache 
within the firewall keeps track of the state information associated with all network connections. 
All traffic passing through the firewall is analyzed against the state of these connections in order to 
determine whether or not it will be allowed to pass through or rejected.
Denial of Service Attack
A hacker may be able to prevent your network from operating or communicating by launching a 
Denial of Service (DoS) attack. The method used for such an attack can be as simple as merely 
flooding your site with more requests than it can handle. A more sophisticated attack may attempt 
to exploit some weakness in the operating system used by your router or gateway. Some operating 
systems can be disrupted by simply sending a packet with incorrect length information.
Ethernet Cabling
Although Ethernet networks originally used thick or thin coaxial cable, most installations currently 
use unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cabling. The UTP cable contains eight conductors, arranged in 
four twisted pairs, and terminated with an RJ45 type connector. A normal straight-through UTP 
Ethernet cable follows the EIA568B standard wiring as described below in Ta b l e  B - 1. 
						

							Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v5
B-12 Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics
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Category 5 Cable Quality
Category 5 distributed cable that meets ANSI/EIA/TIA-568-A building wiring standards can be a 
maximum of 328 feet (ft.) or 100 meters (m) in length, divided as follows:
20 ft. (6 m) between the hub and the patch panel (if used)
295 ft. (90 m) from the wiring closet to the wall outlet
10 ft. (3 m) from the wall outlet to the desktop device
The patch panel and other connecting hardware must meet the requirements for 100 Mbps 
operation (Category 5). Only 0.5 inch (1.5 cm) of untwist in the wire pair is allowed at any 
termination point.
A twisted pair Ethernet network operating at 10 Mbits/second (10BASE-T) will often tolerate low 
quality cables, but at 100 Mbits/second (10BASE-Tx) the cable must be rated as Category 5, or 
Cat 5, by the Electronic Industry Association (EIA). This rating will be printed on the cable jacket. 
A Category 5 cable will meet specified requirements regarding loss and crosstalk. In addition, 
there are restrictions on maximum cable length for both 10 and 100 Mbits/second networks.
Table B-1. UTP Ethernet cable wiring, straight-through
Pin Wire color Signal
1 Orange/White Transmit (Tx) +
2 Orange Transmit (Tx) -
3 Green/White Receive (Rx) +
4Blue
5 Blue/White
6 Green Receive (Rx) -
7 Brown/White
8Brown 
						

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Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics B-13
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Inside Twisted Pair Cables
For two devices to communicate, the transmitter of each device must be connected to the receiver 
of the other device. The crossover function is usually implemented internally as part of the 
circuitry in the device. Computers and workstation adapter cards are usually media-dependent 
interface ports, called MDI or uplink ports. Most repeaters and switch ports are configured as 
media-dependent interfaces with built-in crossover ports, called MDI-X or normal ports. Auto 
Uplink technology automatically senses which connection, MDI or MDI-X, is needed and makes 
the right connection.
Figure B-4 illustrates straight-through twisted pair cable.
Figure B-4:   Straight-Through Twisted-Pair Cable
Figure B-5 illustrates crossover twisted pair cable.
Figure B-5:   Crossover Twisted-Pair Cable 
						

							Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v5
B-14 Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics
July 2004 202-10036-01 Figure B-6:   Category 5 UTP Cable with Male RJ-45 Plug at Each End
Note: Flat “silver satin” telephone cable may have the same RJ-45 plug. However, using telephone 
cable results in excessive collisions, causing the attached port to be partitioned or disconnected 
from the network.
Uplink Switches, Crossover Cables, and MDI/MDIX Switching
In the wiring table above, the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the 
computer, which is wired as Media Dependant Interface (MDI). In this wiring, the computer 
transmits on pins 1 and 2. At the hub, the perspective is reversed, and the hub receives on pins 1 
and 2. This wiring is referred to as Media Dependant Interface - Crossover (MDI-X). 
When connecting a computer to a computer, or a hub port to another hub port, the transmit pair 
must be exchanged with the receive pair. This exchange is done by one of two mechanisms. Most 
hubs provide an Uplink switch which will exchange the pairs on one port, allowing that port to be 
connected to another hub using a normal Ethernet cable. The second method is to use a crossover 
cable, which is a special cable in which the transmit and receive pairs are exchanged at one of the 
two cable connectors. Crossover cables are often unmarked as such, and must be identified by 
comparing the two connectors. Since the cable connectors are clear plastic, it is easy to place them 
side by side and view the order of the wire colors on each. On a straight-through cable, the color 
order will be the same on both connectors. On a crossover cable, the orange and green pairs will be 
exchanged from one connector to the other. 
						

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The WGR614 v5 router incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology (also called MDI/MDIX). Each 
LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port 
should have a normal connection (e.g. connecting to a computer) or an uplink connection (e.g. 
connecting to a router, switch, or hub). That port will then configure itself to the correct 
configuration. This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables, as Auto 
Uplink
TM will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection. 
						

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							Preparing Your Network C-1
July 2004 202-10036-01
Appendix C
Preparing Your Network
This appendix describes how to prepare your network to connect to the Internet through the 54 
Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v5 and how to verify the readiness of broadband Internet service 
from an Internet service provider (ISP).
What You Need To Use a Router with a Broadband Modem
You need to prepare these three things before you begin:
Cabling and Computer Hardware
To use the WGR614 v5 router on your network, each computer must have an 802.11g or 802.11b 
wireless adapter or an installed Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) and an Ethernet cable. If 
the computer will connect to your network using an Ethernet NIC at 100 Mbps, you must use a 
Category 5 (Cat 5) cable such as the one provided with your router. For an explanation of Ethernet 
cabling, see “Ethernet Cabling“ on page B-11. The cable or DSL broadband modem must provide 
a standard 10 Mbps (10BASE-T) or 100 Mbps (100BASE-Tx) Ethernet interface. 
Computer Network Configuration Requirements
The WGR614 v5 includes a built-in Web Configuration Manager. To access the configuration 
menus on the WGR614 v5, your must use a Java-enabled Web browser program which supports 
HTTP uploads such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. Use Internet Explorer 
or Netscape Navigator 4.0 or above. 
Note: If an ISP technician configured your computer during the installation of a 
broadband modem, or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP, you 
may need to copy the current configuration information for use in the configuration of 
your firewall. Write down this information before reconfiguring your computers. Refer 
to “Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers” on page C-21 or 
“Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers” on page C-22 for 
further information. 
						

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For the initial setup of your router, you will need to connect a computer to the router. This 
computer has to be set to automatically get its TCP/IP configuration from the router via DHCP.
Note: For help with DHCP configuration, please use the Windows TCP/IP Configuration 
Tutorials on the NETGEAR 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v5 Resource CD (230-10091-01), 
or in this appendix.
Internet Configuration Requirements
Depending on how your Internet service set up your account, you may need one or more of these 
configuration parameters to connect your router to the Internet: 
• Host and Domain Names
• ISP Login Name and Password
• ISP Domain Name Server (DNS) Addresses
• Fixed IP Address which is also known as Static IP Address
Where Do I Get the Internet Configuration Parameters?
There are several ways you can gather the required Internet connection information.
• Your Internet service provides all the information needed to connect to the Internet. If you 
cannot locate this information, you can ask your Internet service to provide it or you can try 
one of the options below.
• If you have a computer already connected using the Internet, you can gather the configuration 
information from that computer.
— For Windows 95/98/ME, open the Network control panel, select the TCP/IP entry for the 
Ethernet adapter, and click Properties. Record all the settings for each tab page.
— For Windows 2000/XP, open the Local Area Network Connection, select the TCP/IP entry 
for the Ethernet adapter, and click Properties. Record all the settings for each tab page.
— For Macintosh computers, record the settings in the TCP/IP or Network control panel. 
• You may also refer to the NETGEAR 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v5 Resource CD 
(230-10091-01) for the NETGEAR Router ISP Guide which provides Internet connection 
information for many ISPs.
Once you locate your Internet configuration parameters, you may want to record them on the page 
below. 
						

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Preparing Your Network C-3
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Record Your Internet Connection Information
Print this page. Fill in the configuration parameters from your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
ISP Login Name: The login name and password are case sensitive and must be entered exactly as 
given by your ISP. Some ISPs use your full e-mail address as the login name. The Service Name is 
not required by all ISPs. If you connect using a login name and password, enter the following:
Login Name: ______________________________
 
Password: ____________________________
Service Name: _____________________________ 
Fixed or Static IP Address: If you have a static IP address, record the following information. For 
example, 169.254.141.148 could be a valid IP address.
Fixed or Static Internet IP Address: ______
 ______ ______ ______
Gateway IP Address: ______ ______ ______ ______
Subnet Mask: ______ ______ ______ ______
ISP DNS Server Addresses: If you were given DNS server addresses, fill in the following:
Primary DNS Server IP Address: ______
 ______ ______ ______
Secondary DNS Server IP Address: ______ ______ ______ ______
Host and Domain Names: Some ISPs use a specific host or domain name like CCA7324-A or 
home. If you haven’t been given host or domain names, you can use the following examples as a 
guide:
• If your main e-mail account with your ISP is 
[email protected], then use aaa as your host name. 
Your ISP might call this your account, user, host, computer, or system name. 
• If your ISP’s mail server is 
mail.xxx.yyy.com, then use xxx.yyy.com as the domain name.
ISP Host Name: _________________________
 ISP Domain Name: _______________________
For Wireless Access: See the configuration worksheet at “Information to Gather Before Changing 
Basic Wireless Settings“ on page 4-6.
Preparing Your Computers for TCP/IP Networking
Computers access the Internet using a protocol called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol). Each computer on your network must have TCP/IP installed and selected as its 
networking protocol. If a Network Interface Card (NIC) is already installed in your computer, then 
TCP/IP is probably already installed as well. 
						

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Most operating systems include the software components you need for networking with TCP/IP:
•Windows
® 95 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP/IP network. 
• Windows 3.1 does not include a TCP/IP component. You need to purchase a third-party TCP/
IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon.
• Macintosh Operating System 7 or later includes the software components for establishing a 
TCP/IP network.
• All versions of UNIX or Linux include TCP/IP components. Follow the instructions provided 
with your operating system or networking software to install TCP/IP on your computer.
In your IP network, each computer and the firewall must be assigned a unique IP addresses. Each 
computer must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask 
(netmask), a domain name server (DNS) address, and a default gateway address. In most cases, 
you should install TCP/IP so that the computer obtains its specific network configuration 
information automatically from a DHCP server during bootup. For a detailed explanation of the 
meaning and purpose of these configuration items, refer to “Appendix B, “Network, Routing, 
Firewall, and Basics.” 
The WGR614 v5 router is shipped preconfigured as a DHCP server. The firewall assigns the 
following TCP/IP configuration information automatically when the PCs are rebooted:
• PC or workstation IP addresses—192.168.0.2 through 192.168.0.254
• Subnet mask—255.255.255.0
• Gateway address (the firewall)—192.168.0.1
These addresses are part of the IETF-designated private address range for use in private networks.
Configuring Windows 95, 98, and Me for TCP/IP Networking
As part of the PC preparation process, you need to manually install and configure TCP/IP on each 
networked PC. Before starting, locate your Windows CD; you may need to insert it during the 
TCP/IP installation process.
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components
To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking:
1.On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.