NEC Projector Vt46 User Manual

							Portable Projector
VT46
User’s Manual 
						

							E-2
Safety Cautions
Precautions
Please read this manual carefully before using your NEC VT46 Projec-
tor and keep the manual handy for future reference. Your serial number
is located on the bottom of your projector. Record it here:CAUTION
To turn off main power, be sure to remove the plug from power
outlet.
The power outlet socket should be installed as near to the
equipment as possible, and should be easily accessible.
CAUTION
TO  PREVENT SHOCK, DO NOT OPEN THE CABINET.
NO USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE.
REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED NEC SERVICE PER-
SONNEL.
This symbol warns the user that uninsulated voltage within the
unit may be sufficient to cause electrical shock. Therefore, it is
dangerous to make any kind of contact with any part inside of
the unit.
This symbol alerts the user that important information con-
cerning the operation and maintenance of this unit has been
provided.
The information should be read carefully to avoid problems.
W ARNINGTO  PREVENT FIRE OR SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS UNIT TO
RAIN OR MOISTURE.
DO NOT USE THIS UNIT’S PLUG WITH AN EXTENSION CORD
OR IN AN OUTLET UNLESS ALL TWO PRONGS CAN BE FULLY
INSERTED.
DO NOT OPEN THE CABINET. THERE ARE HIGH-VOLTAGE COM-
PONENTS INSIDE. ALL SERVICING MUST BE DONE BY QUALI-
FIED NEC SERVICE PERSONNEL.
DOC Compliance Notice
This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian
Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.
Acoustic Noise Information Ordinance-3. GSGV:
The sound pressure level is less than 70 dB (A) according
to ISO 3744 or ISO 7779.
RF Interference
W ARNING
The Federal Communications Commission does not allow any
modifications or changes to the unit EXCEPT those specified
by NEC Soluctions (America), Inc. in this manual. Failure to com-
ply with this government regulation could void your right to
operate this equipment. This equipment has been tested and
found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed
to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference
in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses,
and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. However, there is no guar-
antee that interference will not occur in a particular installa-
tion. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio
or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct
the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from
that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio / TV technician for
help.
In UK, a BS approved power cable with moulded plug has a Black (five
Amps) fuse installed for use with this equipment. If a power cable is n\
ot
supplied with this equipment please contact your supplier.
Important Safeguards
These safety instructions are to ensure the long life of your projector
and to prevent fire and shock. Please read them carefully and heed all
warnings.
Installation
1. For best results, use your projector in a darkened room.
2. Place the projector on a flat, level surface in a dry area away from dust and moisture.
3. Do not place your projector in direct sunlight, near heaters or heat radiating appliances.
4. Exposure to direct sunlight, smoke or steam can harm internal com- ponents.
5. Handle your projector carefully. Dropping or jarring can damage in- ternal components.
6. Do not place heavy objects on top of the projector.
7. If you wish to have the projector installed on the ceiling:
a. Do not attempt to install the projector yourself. b. The projector must be installed by qualified technicians in order
to ensure proper operation and reduce the risk of bodily injury.
c. In addition, the ceiling must be strong enough to support the projector and the installation must be in accordance with anylocal building codes.
d. Please consult your dealer for more information.
Important Information
CAUTION
•A void displaying stationary images for a prolonged pe-
riod of time.
Doing so can result in these images being temporarily
sustained on the surface of the LCD panel.
If this should happen, continue to use your projector. The
static background from previous images will disappear.
• Do not put the projector on its side when the lamp is
turned on.
Doing so may cause damage to the projector. 
						

							E-3
Fire and Shock Precautions
1. Ensure that there is sufficient ventilation and that vents are unob-structed to prevent the build-up of heat inside your projector. Allow
at least 3 inches (10 cm) of space between your projector and a
wall.
2. Prevent foreign objects such as paper clips and bits of paper from falling into your projector.
Do not attempt to retrieve any objects that might fall into your pro-
jector. Do not insert any metal objects such as a wire or screwdriver
into your projector. If something should fall into your projector, dis-
connect it immediately and have the object removed by a qualified
NEC service personnel.
3. Do not place any liquids on top of your projector.
4. Do not look into the lens while the projector is on. Serious damage to your eyes could result.
5. Keep any items such as magnifying glass out of the light path of the projector. The light being projected from the lens is extensive, there-
fore any kind of abnormal objects that can redirect light coming out
of the lens, can cause unpredictable outcome such as fire or injury
to the eyes.
6. Do not cover the lens with the supplied lens cap or equivalent while the projector is on. Doing so can lead to melting of the cap and
possibly burning your hands due to the heat emitted from the light
output.
7. The projector is designed to operate on a power supply of 100-120 or 200-240 V 50/60 Hz AC. Ensure that your power supply fits this
requirement before attempting to use your projector.
8. Handle the power cable carefully and avoid excessive bending. A damaged cord can cause electric shock or fire.
9. If the projector is not to be used for an extended period of time, disconnect the plug from the power outlet.
10. Do not touch the power plug during a thunderstorm. Doing so can cause electrical shock or fire.
CAUTION
1. Do not try to touch the ventilation outlet on the left side (when seenfrom the front) as it can become heated while the projector is turned
on.
2. Do no use the tilt-foot for purposes other than originally intended. Misuses such as gripping the tilt-foot or hanging on the wall can
cause damage to the projector.
3. Enable High-Speed Fan mode if you continue to use the projector for consecutive days. (From the menu, select [Advanced]  → [High
Speed Fan Mode].)
4. Do not unplug the power cable from the wall outlet under any one of the following circumstances.
Doing so can cause damage to the projector:
* While the Hour Glass icon appears.
* While the cooling fans are running. (The cooling fans continue
to work for 60 seconds after the projector is turned off).
Lamp Replacement
•T o replace the lamp, follow all instructions provided on page E-25.
• Be sure to replace the lamp when the message  The lamp has
reached the end of its usable life. Please replace the lamp.
appears. If you continue to use the lamp after the lamp has reached
the end of its usable life, the lamp bulb may shatter, and pieces of
glass may be scattered in the lamp case. Do not touch them as the
pieces of glass may cause injury.
If this happens, contact your NEC dealer for lamp replacement.
• Allow a minimum of 60 seconds to elapse after turning off the pro-
jector. Then turn off the main power switch, disconnect the power
cable and allow 60 minutes to cool the projector before replacing
the lamp.
Whats in the Box?Make sure your box contains everything listed. If any pieces are miss-
ing, contact your dealer.
Please save the original box and packing materials if you ever need to
ship your VT46 Projector.
Lens cap
(24F38091)
Remote control (7N900421)
Power cable(US:7N080206)(EU:7N080005)
Projector
CD-ROMUser’s manual
Quick
Connect
GuideImportant
InformationGuarantee policy
Lithium battery
(CR2032)
RGB signal cable(7N520012)
Soft carrying case(24BS7201)
MnO2-LiCELL3VOLTSJAPANHCR2032 
						

							E-4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Important Information ........................................... E-2Safety Cautions ........................................................................\
................... E-2
Whats in the Box? ........................................................................\
.............. E-3
INTRODUCTION .................................................... E-5Introduction to the Projector ....................................................................... E-5
Part Names of the Projector ........................................................................\
 E-6
Top Features ........................................................................\
..................... E-7
Te rminal Panel Features ........................................................................\
... E-8
Part Names of the Remote Control ........................................................... E-8 Battery Installation ........................................................................\
........ E-9
Remote Control Precautions ................................................................. E-9
Operating Range for Wireless Remote Control ..................................... E-9
INSTALLATION AND CONNECTIONS ............................. E-10Setting Up the Screen and the Projector ................................................... E-10Selecting a Location ........................................................................\
....... E-10
Throw Distance and Screen Size ............................................................ E-11
Making Connections ........................................................................\
.......... E-12 Connecting Your PC or Macintosh Computer ......................................... E-12
To  connect SCART output (RGB) ............................................................ E-12
Connecting Your DVD Player .................................................................. E-13
Connecting Your VCR or Laser Disc Player ............................................ E-14
Connecting the Supplied Power Cable .................................................... E-14
PROJECTING AN IMAGE (BASIC OPERATION) ................. E-15Tu rning on the Projector ........................................................................\
.... E-15
Selecting a Source ........................................................................\
............. E-15
Adjusting the Picture Size and Position ..............................................E-16
Correcting the Vertical Keystone Distortion .........................................E-16
Optimizing RGB Picture Automatically ...............................................E-17
Tu rning Up or Down  Volume ..................................................................... E-17
Tu rning off the Image  and Sound............................................................ E-17
Tu rning off the  Projector........................................................................\
. E-17
USING ON-SCREEN MENU ....................................... E-18Basic Menu Operation ........................................................................\
....... E-18
Using the Menus ........................................................................\
............ E-18
List of Menu Items ........................................................................\
............ E-19
Menu Elements ........................................................................\
.................. E-20
Menu Descriptions & Functions ................................................................ E-21 Picture ........................................................................\
............................ E-21Brightness/Contrast/Sharpness/Color/Hue ......................................... E-21
Picture Management ........................................................................\
... E-21
Image ........................................................................\
............................. E-21 Correcting Vertical Keystone Distortion [Keystone] ......................E-21
Saving Vertical Keystone Correction [Keystone Save] ..................E-21
Selecting Aspect Ratio [Aspect Ratio] ..........................................E-22
Adjusting the Vertical Position of Image [Cinema Position](for Cinema o\
nly)..E-22
Set up........................................................................\
............................ E-22
Selecting Menu Language [Language] ............................................E-22
Selecting Menu Color [Menu  Color Select].................................... E-22
Selecting Menu Display Time [Menu Display Time] .....................E-22
Selecting a Color or Logo for Background [Background] ................. E-22
Selecting Projector Orientation [Orientation] ..............................E-22
Advanced ........................................................................\
..................... E-22
Security ........................................................................\
.................... E-22
Disabling the Cabinet Buttons [Control Panel Key Lock] .............E-23
Enabling High Speed Fan Mode [High Speed Fan Mode] ............... E-23
Selecting Signal Format [Signal Select] .......................................E-23
Page2 ........................................................................\
........................ E-23
Enabling Power Management [Power Management] ......................E-23
Selecting Noise Reduction Level [Noise Reduction] ...................E-23
Enabling Auto Adjust [Auto Adjust] ................................................E-24
Adjusting Position/Clock (when Auto Adjust is off) .....................E-24
Selecting Communication Speed [Communication Speed] ..........E-24
Information ........................................................................\
................. E-24
Default ........................................................................\
......................... E-24
Returning to Factory Default [Factory Default] .............................E-24
Resetting the Filter Usage Hours [Clear Filter Usage] .................E-24
Clearing Lamp Hour Meter [Clear Lamp Hour Meter] ...................... E-24
MAINTENANCE ................................................... E-25Replacing the Lamp........................................................................\
....... E-25
Cleaning ........................................................................\
.......................... E-26
Cleaning or Replacing the Filter ........................................................ E-26
Cleaning the Cabinet and the Lens .................................................... E-26
TROUBLESHOOTING .............................................. E-27Power Indicator ........................................................................\
................. E-27
Status Indicator ........................................................................\
................. E-27
Lamp Indicator ........................................................................\
.................. E-27
Common Problems & Solutions ................................................................ E-28
SPECIFICATIONS ................................................. E-29
APPENDIX ......................................................... E-30
Cabinet Dimensions ........................................................................\
.......... E-30
Pin Assignments of D-Sub RGB Input Connector ...................................... E-30
Compatible Input Signal List ..................................................................... E-31
PC Control Codes ........................................................................\
.............. E-32
Cable Connection ........................................................................\
.............. E-32
TravelCare Guide ........................................................................\
............... E-33 
						

							E-5
INTRODUCTION
Introduction to the ProjectorThis section introduces you to your new VT46 Projector and describes
the features and controls.
Congratulations on Your Purchase of The VT46
Projector
The VT46 is one of the very best projectors available today. The VT46
enables you to project precise images up to 300 inches across (mea-
sured diagonally) from your PC or Macintosh computer (desktop or note-\
book), VCR, DVD player, document camera, or a laser disc player.
You can use the projector on a tabletop or cart, you can use the projec-
tor to project images from behind the screen, and the projector can be
permanently mounted on a ceiling*
1. The remote control can be used
wirelessly.
*
1Do not attempt to mount the projector on a ceiling yourself.
The projector must be installed by qualified technicians in order
to ensure proper operation and reduce the risk of bodily injury.
In addition, the ceiling must be strong enough to support the pro-
jector and the installation must be in accordance with any local
building codes. Please consult your dealer for more information.
Features youll enjoy:
•Keystone correction allows you to correct trapezoidal distortion so
that the image is square.
• Low level operation noise
• Short focal length lens
• 160W lamp
• Direct keys for source selection
• New Color Management system
• New menu design improves operation
• NEC’s exclusive Advanced AccuBlend intelligent pixel blending tech-
nology - an extremely accurate image compression technology - of-
fers a crisp image with UXGA (1600 
1200) resolution*
2.
• Supports most IBM VGA, SVGA, XGA , SXGA/UXGA(with Advanced
AccuBlend)*
2, Macintosh, component signal (YCbCr/ YPbPr) or any
other RGB signals within a horizontal frequency range of 24 to 100
kHz and a vertical frequency range of 50 to 120 Hz. This includes
NTSC, PAL, PAL-N, PAL-M, PAL60, SECAM and NTSC4.43 stan-
dard video signals.
*
2A UXGA (1600 
1200), SXGA (1280 
1024) and XGA
(1024 
768) image are displayed with NEC’s Advanced
AccuBlend.
NOTE:  Composite video standards are as follows:
NTSC: U.S. TV standard for video in U.S. and Canada. P AL: TV standard used in Western Europe.
P AL-N: TV standard used in Argentine, Paraguay and Uruguay.
P AL-M: TV standard used in Brazil.
P AL60: TV standard used for NTSC playback on PAL TVs.
SECAM: TV standard used in France and Eastern Europe.
NTSC4.43: TV standard used in Middle East countries.
• The supplied remote control can be used without a cable.
•Y ou can control the projector with a PC using the PC Control port.
• The contemporary cabinet design is light, compact, easy to carry,
and complements any office, boardroom or auditorium.
About this users manual
The fastest way to get started is to take your time and do ev-
erything right the first time. Take a few minutes now to review
the users manual. This may save you time later on. At the
beginning of each section of the manual youll find an over-
view. If the section doesnt apply, you can skip it.
•IBM is a trademark or registered trademark of International Business
Machines Corporation.
• Mac and PowerBook are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., regis-
tered in the U.S. and other countries.
• Windows, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows XP or Windows 2000
are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
• Other product and company names mentioned in this user’s manual
may be the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
holders. 
						

							E-6
Part Names of the Projector
Ventilation (outlet)
Heated air is exhausted from here
* This security slot supports the MicroSaver® Security System. MicroSaver® is a registered trademark of Kensington Microware Inc. The logo is
trademarked and owned by Kensington Microware Inc.
Built-in Security Slot (  )*
Adjustable Tilt Foot Lever
(See page E-16)
Remote Sensor (See page E-9)
Controls (See page E-7)
V entilation (inlet) / Filter Cover Lens Cap
Lens
Adjustable Tilt Foot (See page E-16)
AC InputConnect the supplied power cables two-pin plug here, and plug the other end intoan active wall outlet. (See page E-14)
Main Power Switch
When you plug the supplied power cable intoan active wall outlet and turn on the MainPower switch, the POWER indicator turnsorange and the projector is in standby mode.(See page E-15) Remote Sensor
(See page E-9)
Lamp Cover (See page E-25)
Lamp Cover Screw
Adjustable Tilt Foot Lever
(See page E-16)
Adjustable Tilt Foot(See page E-16)
Focus Ring
Zoom Lever
Monaural Speaker (1W) 
						

							E-7
76510
131912
823411
Top Features
1. POWER Button (ON / STAND BY)(  )
Use this button to turn the power on and off when the main power is
supplied and the projector is in standby mode.
To  turn on the projector, press and hold this button for a minimum of
two seconds. To turn off the projector, press this button twice.
2. POWER Indicator When this indicator is green, the projector is on; when this indicator
is orange, it is in standby mode. See the Power Indicator section on
page E-27 for more details.
3. STATUS Indicator If this light blinks red rapidly, it indicates that an error has occurred,
the lamp cover is not attached properly or the projector has over-
heated. If this light remains orange, it indicates that you have pressed\
a cabinet key while the Control Panel Key Lock is enabled. See the
Status Indicator section on page E-27 for more details.
4. LAMP Indicator If this light blinks red rapidly, its warning you that the lamp has reached
the end of its usable life. After this light appears, replace the lamp as
soon as possible (See page E-25). See the Lamp Indicator section
on page E-27 for more details.
5. VIDEO Button Press this button to select a video source from a VCR, DVD player,
laser disc player or document camera.
6. S-VIDEO Button Press this button to select an S-Video source from a VCR, DVD player,
laser disc player or document camera.
7. RGB Button Press this button to select an RGB source from computer or compo-
nent equipment connected to your RGB port.
8. AUTO ADJ.  Button Use this button to adjust Position-H/V and Pixel Clock/Phase for an
optimal picture (See page E-17).
9. Source Indicators When one of the RGB, VIDEO or S-VIDEO input is selected, the
corresponding source indicator lights.
10. MENU Button Displays the menu.
1 1. SELECT  GHFE / Volume Buttons
GH  : Use these buttons to select the menu of the item you wish to
adjust.
FE   : Use these buttons to change the level of a selected menu item.
A press of the  E button executes the selection. When no menus
appear, these buttons work as a volume control. 12. ENTER Button
Executes your menu selection and activates items selected from the
menu.
13. CANCEL Button Pressing this button will return to the previous menu.
While you are in the main menu, pressing this button will close the
menu. 
						

							E-8
1. RGB IN / Component Input Connector (Mini D-Sub 15 Pin)Connect your computer or other analog RGB equipment such as IBM
compatible or Macintosh computers. Use the supplied RGB cable to
connect to your computer. This also serves as a component input
connector that allows you to connect a component video output of
component equipment such as a DVD player. This connector also
supports SCART output signal. See page E-12 for more details.
2. RGB AUDIO Input Mini Jack (Stereo Mini) This is where you connect the audio output from your computer or
DVD player when connected to the RGB input. A commercially avail-
able audio cable is required.
3. S-VIDEO IN Connector (Mini DIN 4 Pin) Here is where you connect the S-Video input from an external source
like a VCR.
NOTE:  S-Video provides more vivid color and higher resolution than the tra-ditional composite video format.
S-VIDEO AUDIO Input Jacks R/L (RCA)
These are your left and right channel audio inputs for stereo sound
from an S-Video source.
4. VIDEO IN Connector (RCA) Connect a VCR, DVD player, laser disc player, or document camera
here to project video.
VIDEO AUDIO Input Jacks R/L (RCA)
These are your left and right channel audio inputs for stereo sound
from a Video source.
5. PC CONTROL Port (DIN 8 Pin) Use this port to connect your PC to control your projector. This en-
ables you to use your PC and serial communication protocol to con-
trol the projector. If you are writing your own program, typical PC
control codes are on page E-32.
Terminal Panel Features
125
34
Part Names of the Remote Control
1. Infrared Transmitter
Direct the remote control toward the remote sensor on the projector
cabinet.
2. MENU Button Displays the menu for various settings and adjustments.
3. SELECT  GHFE / Volume Buttons
GH  : Use these buttons to select the menu of the item you wish
to adjust.
FE  : Use these buttons to change the level of a selected menu
item. A press of the  E button executes the selection. When
no menus appear, these buttons work as a volume control.
4. ENTER Button Executes your menu selection and activates items selected from the
menu.
5. CANCEL Button Pressing this button will return to the previous menu.
While you are in the main menu, pressing this button will close the
menu.
6. POWER Button (ON/STAND BY) ( 
 )
Use this button to turn the power on and off when the main power is
supplied and the projector is in standby mode.
To  turn on the projector, press and hold this button for a minimum of
two seconds. To turn off the projector, press this button twice.
7. SOURCE Button Press this button to select a video source such as a PC, VCR or DVD
player. Each time this button is pressed, the input source will change
as follows:
RGB  → Video  → S-Video  → RGB  → ...
8. ASPECT Button Press this button to display the Aspect Ratio select screen. See page
E-22.
9. MUTE Button This button turns off the image and sound for a short period of time.
Press again to restore the image and sound.
1
4
6
8 9 7 3 25 
						

							E-9
Battery Installation
1. Push the catch to the right and remove the battery holder.2. Remove the old Lithium coin cell and install new one (CR2032).Ensure that the side with the mark “+” is up.
3. Push the battery holder back into the remote control until you feel aclick.
Remote Control Precautions
•Handle the remote control carefully.
• If the remote control gets wet, wipe it dry immediately.
•A void excessive heat and humidity.
• If you will not be using the remote control for a long time, remove the
battery.
• Do not place the battery upside down.
• Keep the coin cell battery out of reach of children so as not to allow
them to swallow the cell battery.
CAUTION
Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced.
Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by
the manufacturer.
Dispose of used batteries according to your local regulations.
Operating Range for Wireless Remote Control
Remote control
• The infrared signal operates by line-of-sight up to a distance of about
22 feet/7 m and within a 60-degree angle of the remote sensor on the
projector cabinet.
• The projector will not respond if there are objects between the re-
mote control and the sensor, or if strong light falls on the sensor.
Weak battery will also prevent the remote control from properly oper-
ating the projector.
Remote sensor on projector cabinet
30 ˚
30 ˚30˚
30 ˚
7m/22 feet
7m/22 feet
LiCELL3VOLTSJAPANH
CR
2032
ELL3VOLTSJAPANH
CR 2032
MnO2-LiCELL3VOLTSJAPANH
CR2032
MnO2-LiCELL3VOLTSJAPANH
CR
2032
Catch
Battery holder 
						

							E-10
3
1
2
INSTALLATION AND CONNECTIONS
This section describes how to set up your projector and how to connect v\
ideo and audio sources.
To the wall outlet.
Setting Up the Screen and the Projector
Selecting a Location
The further your projector is from the screen or wall, the larger the im\
age. The minimum size the image can be is approximately  21 (0.53 m)
measured diagonally when the projector is roughly 27.6 inches (0.7 m) from the wall or screen. The largest the image can be is 3 00 (7.6 m) when
the projector is about 393.7 inches (10 m) from the wall or screen. Use the drawing below as a guide. Y
our projector is simple to set up and use.
But before you get started, you must first:
1
Set up a screen and the projector.
2Connect your computer or video equip- ment to the projector. See pageE-12 – 14.
3Connect the supplied power cable. Seepage E-14.
NOTE:  Ensure that the power cable and any
other cables are disconnected before moving the projector. When moving the projector orwhen it is not in use, cover the lens with the
lens cap.
300
240
406.4(W)X304.8(H)/160(W)X120(H)
365.8(W)X274.3(H)/144(W)X108(H)
304.8(W)X228.6(H)/120(W)X90(H)
243.8(W)X182.9(H)/96(W)X72(H)
203.2(W)X152.4(H)/80(W)X60(H)
162.6(W)X121.9(H)/64(W)X48(H)
121.9(W)X91.4(H)/48(W)X36(H)
81.3(W)X61.0(H)/32(W)X24(H)
61.0(W)X45.7(H)/24(W)X18(H)
50.8(W)X38.1(H)/20(W)X15(H)
42.7(W)X32(H)/17(W)X13(H)
Lens center
Screen Size
1.3/51.22.0/78.72.7/106.33.4/133.9
4.0/157.5
5.1/200.8 6.1/240.2
8.1/318.91.0/39.4
200
180
150
120
100
80
60
40
302521
609.6(W)X457.2(H)/240(W)X180(H)Screen size (Unit: cm/inch)
487.7(W)X365.8(H)/192(W)X144(H)
6.7/263.8
Distance (Unit: m/inch)
10.1/397.6
0.7/27.6 0.8/31.5