NEC Multisync Lcd2690wuxi Users Manual
Have a look at the manual NEC Multisync Lcd2690wuxi Users Manual online for free. It’s possible to download the document as PDF or print. UserManuals.tech offer 1168 NEC manuals and user’s guides for free. Share the user manual or guide on Facebook, Twitter or Google+.
English English-19 Tag2 R-H.position Adjusts the position of the red component of the image. Press “Left” or “Right” to adjust. (Analog input only) G-H.position Adjusts the position of the green component of the image. Press “Left” or “Right” to adjust. (Analog input only) B-H.position Adjusts the position of the blue component of the image. Press “Left” or “Right” to adjust. (Analog input only) R-FINE Adjusts the “FINE” setting of the RED component of the image. (Analog input only) Press “Left” or “Right” to adjust. G-FINE Adjusts the “FINE” setting of the GREEN component of the image. (Analog input only) Press “Left” or “Right” to adjust. B-FINE Adjusts the “FINE” setting of the BLUE component of the image. (Analog input only) Press “Left” or “Right” to adjust. R-SHARPNESS Adjusts the sharpness of the red component of the image. Press “Left” or “Right” to adjust. (Analog input only) G-SHARPNESS Adjusts the sharpness of the green component of the image. (Analog input only) Press “Left” or “Right” to adjust. B-SHARPNESS Adjusts the sharpness of the blue component of the image. (Analog input only) Press “Left” or “Right” to adjust. DVI Long Cable Compensates for image degradation caused by using a long DVI cable. (Digital input only) There are 4 possible settings, with “0” being the lowest level of compensation and “3” being the highest level. The default setting is “1”. Tag3 Auto Adjust Automatically adjusts the Image Position and H.Size settings and Fine settings. (Analog input only) Press “SELECT” to activate Auto Adjustment. Signal Adjust Determines when the auto adjustment is activated automatically. (Analog input only) The choices are “SIMPLE” and “FULL”. Press “Left” or “Right” to select. Auto Adjust Level Determines the automatic adjustment level for Auto Adjust. The choices are “SIMPLE”, (Analog input only) “FULL” and “DETAIL”. Press “Left” or “Right” to select. Refer to the below table. A-NTAA SW The Advanced No Touch Auto Adjust function is able to recognize new signals even when (Analog input only) neither the resolution nor the refresh rate has changed. If several PCs are connected to the monitor, and each transmit very similar (or even the same) signals in terms of resolution and refresh rates, the monitor recognizes that there is a new signal and automatically optimizes the picture without the need for any action on the part of the user. OFF: A-NTAA is disabled. ON: If a change in signal is detected A-NTAA will adjust the monitor to the optimal settings for the new signal. If no change in the signal is detected then A-NTAA does not activate. The screen will be blank while the monitor optimizes the signal. OPTION: Functions the same as ON, except that the screen does not go blank when the monitor makes adjustments for changes in signal, allowing the monitor to display the new signal faster. When using an external switching device to connect 2 or more PCs to the monitor, using the ON or OPTION settings is suitable. Tag4 H. Position Controls Horizontal Image Position within the display area of the LCD. Press “Left” or “Right” to adjust. V. Position Controls Vertical Image Position within the display area of the LCD. Press “Left” or “Right” to adjust. H-size, Fine, H/V Position Contrast SIMPLE O X FULL O O O: Automatic Adjustment X: No Automatic Adjustment NOTE: Automatic Adjustment does not work at resolutions less than 800x600 resolution. Size, Fine, Position Contrast Black Level, TimeLong cable capability** SIMPLE O X X 1 second FULL O O X 1.5 seconds DETAIL*OOO5 seconds O: Automatic Adjustment X: No Automatic Adjustment * “DETAIL” activates automatic long cable (skew, peaking) adjustment. ** Black level, RGB sharpness, RGB delay and RGB position are adjusted using “Long cable software” which is included in the attached CD-ROM.
English-20 H. Size Adjusts the horizontal size of the screen. (Analog input only) If the “AUTO Adjust function” do not give you a satisfactory picture setting, a further tuning can be performed using the “H.Size (V.Size)” function (dot clock). For this a Moiré test pattern could be used. This function may alter the width of the picture. Use left/Right Menu to center the image on the screen. If the H.Size (V.Size) is wrongly calibrated, the result would look like on the left drawing. The image should be homogeneous. Fine Improve focus, clarity and image stability by increasing or decreasing this setting. (Analog input only) If the “Auto Adjust function” and the “H.Size” function do not give you a satisfactory picture setting, a fine tuning can be performed using the “Fine” function. For this a Moiré test pattern could be used. If the Fine value is wrongly calibrated, the result would look like on the left drawing. The image should be homogeneous. Auto Fine This function automatically and periodically adjusts the “FINE” setting for change in signal (Analog input only) condition. This function adjusts approximately every 33 minutes. H. Resolution Adjusts the horizontal size by increasing or decreasing the setting. Press “Right” button to expand the width of the image on the screen. Press “Left” button to narrow the width of the image on the screen. V. Resolution Adjusts the vertical size by increasing or decreasing the setting. Press “Right” button to expand the height of the image on the screen. Press “Left” button to narrow the height of the image on the screen. Expansion Sets the zoom method. FULL: The image is expanded to 1920 x 1200, regardless of the resolution. ASPECT: The image is expanded without changing the aspect ratio. OFF: The image is not expanded. CUSTOM: When CUSTOM is selected as the Expansion mode, it becomes possible to adjust the H. ZOOM., V. ZOOM, and ZOOM POS. H.ZOOM The image is expanded from 1 to 3 times in the horizontal (H. EXPANSION) direction by (Available in Custom0.01 increments. Expansion mode only) V.ZOOM The image is expanded from 1 to 3 times in the vertical (V. EXPANSION) direction by (Available in Custom0.01 increments. Expansion mode only) ZOOM POS. Sets the point from which the screen will be expanded when either H.ZOOM or V.ZOOM is (Available in Customselected as the expansion method. Options are CENTER and LEFT TOP. Expansion mode only)CENTER: H.ZOOM expands the image from the centre outward to the sides of the screen. V.ZOOM expands the image from the centre towards the top and bottom of the screen. LEFT TOP: Indicates the set point for image expansion (TOP in V. Zoom, LEFT in H.ZOOM). If the resolution does not fill out the screen, when expanding, the image will not expand past the TOP or the LEFT of the screen. The image can be expanded past the right and bottom edges of the screen. Tag5 Gamma Selection Allows you to manually select the brightness level of grayscale. There are five selections: NO CORRECTION, 2.2, OPTION, PROGRAMMABLE and CUSTOM. NO CORRECTION: No Correction possible. 2.2: The value is fixed at 2.2. OPTION: There are two ways of OPTION selection. 1: This setting is recommended for Video source. Gray area looks much brighter than NO CORRECTION setting. 2: The value near DICOM gamma is set up in a factory and the luminosity difference between gradations is changing into the legible state. PROGRAMMABLE: The brightness of grayscale can be changed to your preference by downloading the application software. CUSTOM: Below items can be adjusted when CUSTOM is selected as the GAMMA SELECTION setting. Custom Value: The gamma value is selected from the rate of 0.5 to 4.0 by 0.1 steps. When the COLOR CONTROL is sRGB, the value is fixed at 2.2 and NOT ADJUSTABLE. Offset: The OFFSET digitally adjusts the black level after the signal is converted from analog to digital.
English English-21 Tag6 Color Control Colour Control Systems: Seven preset colour settings. For preset settings 1, 2, 3 and 5, the following levels can be adjusted: TEMPERATURE: Adjust the white temperature by increasing or decreasing this setting. A lower colour temperature will make the screen reddish and a higher colour temperature will make the screen bluish. WHITE (White Balance): If TEMPERATURE needs further adjustment; the individual R/ G/ B/ levels of the white point can be adjusted. To adjust the R/G/B levels, CUSTOM must be showing as the TEMPERATURE selection. HUE: Adjusts the hue of each colour* 1. The change in colour will appear on screen and the menu colour bars will show the amount of adjustment. SATURATION: Adjusts the colour depth of each colour* 1. Press the “RIGHT” button and the colour vividness increases. OFFSET: Adjusts the colour brightness of each colour* 1. Press “RIGHT” button and the colour Brightness increases. *1: RED, YELLOW, GREEN, CYAN, BLUE and MAGENTA. NATIVE, sRGB: Original colour presented by the LCD panel that is unadjustable. PROGRAMMABLE: The colour tone that was set up with the downloaded application software is reflected. Tag7 Sharpness This is a digital capability for keeping a crisp image at all signal timings. It continuously adjusts to maintain a distinct or soft image as you prefer, and is set independently according to different timings. Press “Left” or “Right” to adjust. DVI Selection This function selects the DVI input mode. When the DVI selection has been changed, you must restart your computer. Press “Left” or “Right” to select. AUTO: By using the DVI-D to DVI-D cable, the DVI SECTION is DIGITAL. By using the D-SUB to DVI-A cable, the DVI SECTION is ANALOG. DIGITAL: DVI digital input is available. ANALOG: DVI analog input is available. HDCP CONTENT Selects the type of input to be used with HDCP CONTENT. (Digital Input Only) OFF: When a PC or other computer equipment is connected, select “OFF”. ON: When a DVD player or other type of high definition device is connected, select “ON”. Note: Interlaced signals (480i, 576i, 1080i) are not supported. If you have any problems, please refer to the Troubleshooting section of this User’s Manual. Video Detect Selects the method of video detection when more than one computer is connected. Press “Left” or “Right” to select. FIRST: The video input has to be switched to “FIRST” mode. When current video input signal is not present, then the monitor searches for a video signal from the other video input port. If the video signal is present in the other port, then the monitor switches the video source input port to the new found video source automatically. The monitor will not look for other video signals while the current video source is present. LAST: The video input has to be switched to the “LAST” mode. When the monitor is displaying a signal from the current source and a new secondary source is supplied to the monitor, then the monitor will automatically switch to the new video source. When current video input signal is not present, then the monitor searches for a video signal from the other video input port. If the video signal is present in the other port, then the monitor switches the video source input port to the new found video source automatically. NONE: The Monitor will not search the other video input port unless the monitor is turned on. Off Timer Monitor will automatically turn off after the preset time period from power on with the ON/OFF function. When you select “ON”, press “SELECT” and “Left” or “Right” to adjust. Before powering off, a message will appear on the screen asking the user if they want to delay the turn off time by 60 minutes. Press any OSM button to delay the turn off time. IPM (Intelligent Power The Intelligent Power Manager allows the monitor to enter into a power saving mode after Manager) a period of inactivity. The IPM has three settings. OFF: Monitor does not go into power save mode when the input signal is lost. STANDARD: Monitor enters power save mode automatically when the input signal is lost. OPTION: Monitor enters power save mode automatically when the amount of surrounding light goes below the level that is determined by the user. IPM Setting Adjusts the ILLUMINANCE value for IPM.
English-22 Over Drive Turns the OVER DRIVE function on or off. Over Drive may reduce blurring that occurs in some moving images. When Over Drive is on, response time is improved. Side Border Color Adjusts the side black bars colour between black and white. For wide aspect monitors. LED Brightness Controls the brightness of the LED on the monitor. LED Color The LED on the front can be blue or green. ColorComp This function electronically compensates for the slight variations in the white uniformity level as well as for deviations in colour that may occur throughout the display area of the screen. These variations are characteristic of LCD panel technology. This function improves the colour and evens out the luminance uniformity of the display. NOTE: Using the COLORCOMP feature does reduce the overall peak luminance of the display. If greater luminance is desired over the uniform performance of the display, then COLORCOMP should be turned off. ColorComp Level Select the level for ColorComp adjustments. Tag8 Language OSM control menus are available in eight languages. Press “Left” or “Right” to select. OSM H. Position You can choose where you would like the OSM control image to appear on your screen. Selecting OSM Location allows you to manually adjust the position of the OSM control menu left or right. OSM V. Position You can choose where you would like the OSM control image to appear on your screen. Selecting OSM Location allows you to manually adjust the position of the OSM control menu up or down. OSM Turn off The OSM control menu will stay on as long as it is use. You can select how long the monitor waits after the last touch of a button to shut off the OSM control menu. The preset choices are 10-120 seconds by 5 seconds step. OSM Lock Out This control completely locks out access to all OSM control functions. When attempting to activate OSM controls while in the Lock Out mode, a screen will appear indicating the OSM controls are locked out. There are three types of OSM LOCK OUT: OSM LOCK OUT with BRIGHTNESS and CONTRAST control: To activate the OSM Lock Out function, press SELECT, then “UP” button and hold down simultaneously. To deactivate the OSM Lock Out, press SELECT, then “UP” button and hold down simultaneously while in the OSM menu. BRIGHTNESS and CONTRAST can be adjusted while in the lock out mode. OSM LOCK OUT with no control: To activate the OSM Lock Out function, press SELECT, then “Right” button and hold down simultaneously. To deactivate the OSM Lock Out, press SELECT, then “Right” button and hold down simultaneously while in the OSM menu. No controls can be adjusted while in the lock out mode. OSM LOCK OUT with BRIGHTNESS (only) control: To activate the OSM Lock Out function, press SELECT, then “Down” and “Left” buttons and hold down simultaneously. To deactivate the OSM Lock Out, press SELECT, then “Down” and “Left” buttons and hold down simultaneously while in the OSM menu. BRIGHTNESS can be adjusted while in the lock out mode. CUSTOM: Press RESET and EXIT to enter the CUSTOM Menu. Select ENABLE or DISABLE for POWER KEY, INPUT SEL, HOT KEY (BRIGHTNESS/CONTRAST), ECO MODE, WARNING (RESOLUTION NOTIFIER/OSM LOCK OUT). To Deactivate the OSM Lock Out function, press RESET and EXIT to bring up the LOCK OUT warning. Press SELECT, SELECT, , , EXIT. OSM Transparency Adjusts the transparency of the OSM MENU. OSM Color “Tag window frame color”, “Item select color” & ”Adjust Window frame color” can be changed. Signal Information Signal information can be displayed in the corner of the screen. Signal information is either “On/Off”. Resolution Notifier The optimal resolution is 1920 x 1200. If ON is selected, a message will appear on the screen after 30 seconds, notifying you that the resolution is not set to 1920 x 1200. Press “Left” or “Right” to select. Hot Key When this function is activated; the brightness and contrast of the monitor can be adjusted without entering the OSM menu by using the front buttons. The “Left” or “Right” buttons adjust the brightness level. The “Down” or “Up” buttons adjust the contrast level.
English English-23 Factory Preset Selecting Factory Preset allows you to reset all OSM control settings back to the factory settings. Highlighting the control to be reset and pressing the RESET button can reset individual settings. Tag9 Grayscale Mode This function changes the display image to monochrome. There are 3 types of settings. OFF: The Display Image is COLOUR. MODE1: Input is R/G/B Colour, but monitor uses only Green. The Display Image will become monochrome, because only green data passes the R/G/B LUT. MODE2: Input is R/G/B Colour, but monitor changes the colour space to YUV. The Display Image will become monochrome, because only Y data passes the R/G/B LUT. OSM Rotation AUTO: The OSM rotates automatically when the monitor is rotated. OSM ROTATION is set to AUTO by default. MANUAL: To rotate the OSM, press the ROTATE OSM button when the OSM is not showing. Image Rotation AUTO: The display image automatically rotates according to the orientation of the OSM. If “AUTO” is selected in the “OSM ROTATION” menu, the display image rotates according to the orientation of the monitor. OFF: The display image is not rotated. IMAGE ROTATION is set to OFF by default. ON: The display image always rotated. Portrait Warning When the monitor is used in the portrait position, the brightness value will be reduced to 300 cd/m 2. If the Portrait Warning is ON, a message will appear on the screen for 10 seconds. DDC/CI DDC/CI ENABLE/DISABLE: Turns on or off the two way communication and control of the monitor. Screen Saver Use the SCREEN SAVER to reduce the risk of image persistence. MOTION (Default OFF): Screen image moves periodically in 4 directions in order to reduce the risk of image retention. Timing for MOTION can be set so the screen image moves in intervals from every 10 to 900 seconds. Timing is set in 10-second increments. OPTION (Default REDUCED): There are two optional selections. REDUCED: Screen image is reduced to 95% size and is moved periodically in 4 directions. Screen may appear slightly less sharp than normal. The full image appears on the display. FULL: Screen image is set to FULL and is moved periodically in 4 directions. Screen image goes outside of the display area in the direction that it shifts so that a portion of the image may appear to be cut off. GAMMA (Default OFF): When OFF, the GAMMA selection that the display uses is the same as the GAMMA selection in Tag5 (page 20). When ON is selected, the GAMMA curve (except PROGRAMMABLE) becomes narrow, reducing the contrast and cutting down the risk of image retention. NOTE: SCREEN SAVER does not function when the TILE MATRIX function is enabled. Input Setting Video Band Width (Analog input only): It is used when the unnecessary noise from computer appears on a screen. It is strong ineffective, so that a number becomes small. Press “Left” or “Right” to select. Sync Threshold (Analog input only): Adjusts the slice level of a synchronization signal. Press “SELECT” to move the adjustment menu. Adjusts the sensitivity of the separate or composite input signals. Try this option if the FINE adjustment does not successfully eliminate the noise. SOG Threshold (Analog input only): Adjusts the sensitivity of the Sync On Green input signals. Adjusts the slice level when separating synchronization from sync On Green signal input. Press “Left” or “Right” to select. Edge Lock: Operating your monitor at a non-standard timing may cause images to appear darker than normal or have colour distortion. Use of the Edge Lock control will adjust images to their normal state.
English-24 TagA Tile Matrix Tile Matrix demonstrates multiple screens. This feature provides a single large screen using up to 25 monitors. It will be able to divide up to 5 each H and V. This requires you to feed the PC output into each of the monitors through a distributor. ENABLE: Select “ON”, the monitor will expand the selected position. H MONITOR: Select number of horizontal divide. V MONITOR: Select number of vertical divide. MONITOR No: Select a position to expand the screen. TILE COMP: Works in tandem with Tile Matrix to compensate for the width of the tile bezels in order to accurately display the image. Tile Comp with 4 monitors (black area shows monitor frames): TagB Date & Time Adjusts the current date and time for internal clock. You should set this function when you use “SCHEDULE”. Daylight Saving: For those timezones where Daylight Saving Time (Summertime) is observed. TagC Schedule Programs the monitor’s working schedule. Schedule the power on and power off with hour and a day of the week. Also sets the input port. This OSM can’t remove except EXIT. Using the “SCHEDULE” function allows you to set up to seven different scheduled time intervals when the LCD Monitor will be activated. You can select the time the monitor turns on and turns off, the day of week the monitor is activated, and which input source the monitor will use for each scheduled activation period. A check mark in the box next to the number of the schedule indicates that the selected schedule is in effect. To select which schedule to set, use the up/down arrows to move the cursor vertically under the number (1 to 7) of the schedule. Use the “Down” or “Up” buttons to move the cursor horizontally within the particular schedule. The “SELECT” button is used to make a selection. If you create a schedule but do not want to use a power on time, select “--” in the “ON” time slot. If you do not want to use a power off time select “--” in the OFF time slot. If there is no input selected (“-----” showing in the input spot) the input from the previous schedule will be used. The selection of EVERY DAY within a schedule takes priority over other schedules that are set up to operate weekly. Schedules are numbered 1-7. If two schedules are programmed for the same time, then the highest numbered schedule has priority. For example schedule #7 will take priority over schedule #5. When schedules are overlapping, scheduled Power ON time has priority over scheduled Power OFF time. When the “OFF TIMER” is set, the “SCHEDULE” function is disabled. Before powering off, a message will appear on the screen asking the user if they want to delay the turn off time by 60 minutes. Press any OSM button to delay the turn off time. TagD Eco Mode Information Displays the estimated power saving information in watt-hours. TagE Information Provides information about the current display resolution Technical data, including the preset timing currently being used and the horizontal and vertical frequencies is also displayed. monitor1monitor2 monitor3monitor4monitor1monitor2 monitor3 monitor4 Tile Comp ON Tile Comp OFF
English English-25 Using the Auto Brightness function The brightness of the LCD screen can be set to increase or decrease depending on the amount of ambient light within the room. If the room is bright, the monitor becomes correspondingly bright. If the room is dim, then the monitor will dim accordingly. The purpose of this function is to make the viewing experience more comfortable to the eye in a variety of lighting conditions. The Auto Brightness function is set to OFF by default. NOTE: When “AUTO LUMINANCE” is ON, this function is disabled. SETUP Use the following procedure to select the Brightness Range that the monitor will use when the Auto Brightness function is activated. 1. Set the BRIGHT level. This is the brightness level that the monitor will go up to when the ambient light level is highest. Make sure the room is at its brightest when setting this level. Select “1” in the AUTO BRIGHTNESS menu (Figure 1). Then use the front buttons to move the cursor up to the BRIGHTNESS setting. Choose the desired brightness level (Figure 2). 2. Set the DARK level. This is the level of brightness that the monitor will go down to when the ambient light level is low. Make sure the room is at its darkest when setting this level. Then use the front buttons to move the cursor up to the BRIGHTNESS setting. Choose the desired brightness level (Figure 3). Figure 1Figure 2 Figure 3 When the “Auto Brightness” function is enabled the Brightness level of the screen changes automatically according to the lighting conditions of the room (Figure 4). BRIGHTNESS level set for the monitor to use when ambient lighting level is low. BRIGHTNESS level set for the monitor to use when ambient lighting level is high. BRIGHTNESS range Lb: Border between bright and dim lighting conditions; set at factory L1: BRIGHTNESS level set for the monitor to use when ambient lighting level is high (L1>Lb) L2 : BRIGHTNESS level set for the monitor to use when ambient lighting level is low (L2
English-26 TCO’03 Congratulations! The display you have just purchased carries the TCO’03 Displays label. This means that your display is designed, manufactured and tested according to some of the strictest quality and environmental requirements in the world. This makes for a high performance product, designed with the user in focus that also minimizes the impact on our natural environment. Some of the features of the TCO’03 Display requirements: Ergonomics •Good visual ergonomics and image quality in order to improve the working environment for the user and to reduce sight and strain problems. Important parameters are luminance, contrast, resolution, reflectance, colour rendition and image stability. Energy •Energy-saving mode after a certain time – beneficial both for the user and the environment •Electrical safety Emissions •Electromagnetic fields •Noise emissions Ecology •The product must be prepared for recycling and the manufacturer must have a certified environmental management system such as EMAS or ISO 14 001 •Restrictions on: -chlorinated and brominated flame retardants and polymers -heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury and lead. The requirements included in this label have been developed by TCO Development in co- operation with scientists, experts, users as well as manufacturers all over the world. Since the end of the 1980s TCO has been involved in influencing the development of IT equipment in a more user-friendly direction. Our labelling system started with displays in 1992 and is now requested by users and IT-manufacturers all over the world. For more information, please visit www.tcodevelopment.com
English English-27 NEC DISPLAY SOLUTIONS is strongly committed to environmental protection and sees recycling as one of the company’s top priorities in trying to minimize the burden placed on the environment. We are engaged in developing environmentally- friendly products, and always strive to help define and comply with the latest independent standards from agencies such as ISO (International Organisation for Standardization) and TCO (Swedish Trades Union). Disposing of your old NEC product The aim of recycling is to gain an environmental benefit by means of re-use, upgrading, reconditioning or reclamation of material. Dedicated recycling sites ensure that environmentally harmful components are properly handled and securely disposed. To ensure the best recycling of our products, NEC DISPLAY SOLUTIONS offers a variety of recycling procedures and gives advice on how to handle the product in an environmentally sensitive way, once it has reached the end of its life. All required information concerning the disposal of the product and country-specific information on recycling facilities can be found on our following websites: http://www.nec-display-solutions.com/greencompany/ (in Europe), http://www.nec-display.com (in Japan) or http://www.necdisplay.com (in USA). Energy Saving This monitor features an advanced energy saving capability. When a VESA Display Power Management Signalling (DPMS) Standard signal is sent to the monitor, the Energy Saving mode is activated. The monitor enters a single Energy Saving mode. Mode Power consumption LED colour Normal Operation Approx. 65W Green or Blue Energy Saving Mode Less than 1W Amber Off Mode Less than 1W Unlit Manufacturer’s Recycling and Energy Information WEEE Mark (European Directive 2002/96/EC) Within the European Union EU-wide legislation, as implemented in each Member State, requires that waste electrical and electronic products carrying the mark (left) must be disposed of separately from normal household waste. This includes monitors and electrical accessories, such as signal cables or power cords. When you need to dispose of your NEC display products, please follow the guidance of your local authority, or ask the shop where you purchased the product, or if applicable, follow any agreements made between yourself and NEC. The mark on electrical and electronic products only applies to the current European Union Member States. Outside the European Union If you wish to dispose of used electrical and electronic products outside the European Union, please contact your local authority so as to comply with the correct disposal method.