Land Rover Rover 214 Repair 1689 Ref Rover Manual

							1689 Rover 214 & 414 Updated Version 09/97
MOT Test ChecksREF•11
MExamine the handbrake mechanism,
checking for frayed or broken cables,
excessive corrosion, or wear or insecurity of
the linkage. Check that the mechanism works
on each relevant wheel, and releases fully,
without binding.
MIt is not possible to test brake efficiency
without special equipment, but a road test can
be carried out later to check that the vehicle
pulls up in a straight line.
Fuel and exhaust systems
MInspect the fuel tank (including the filler
cap), fuel pipes, hoses and unions. All
components must be secure and free from
leaks.
MExamine the exhaust system over its entire
length, checking for any damaged, broken or
missing mountings, security of the retaining
clamps and rust or corrosion.
Wheels and tyres 
MExamine the sidewalls and tread area of
each tyre in turn. Check for cuts, tears, lumps,
bulges, separation of the tread, and exposure
of the ply or cord due to wear or damage.
Check that the tyre bead is correctly seated
on the wheel rim, that the valve is sound andproperly seated, and that the wheel is not
distorted or damaged. 
MCheck that the tyres are of the correct size
for the vehicle, that they are of the same size
and type on each axle, and that the pressures
are correct.
MCheck the tyre tread depth. The legal
minimum at the time of writing is 1.6 mm over
at least three-quarters of the tread width.
Abnormal tread wear may indicate incorrect
front wheel alignment.
Body corrosion
MCheck the condition of the entire vehicle
structure for signs of corrosion in load-bearing
areas. (These include chassis box sections,
side sills, cross-members, pillars, and all
suspension, steering, braking system and
seat belt mountings and anchorages.) Any
corrosion which has seriously reduced the
thickness of a load-bearing area is likely to
cause the vehicle to fail. In this case
professional repairs are likely to be needed.
MDamage or corrosion which causes sharp
or otherwise dangerous edges to be exposed
will also cause the vehicle to fail.
Petrol models
MHave the engine at normal operating
temperature, and make sure that it is in good
tune (ignition system in good order, air filter
element clean, etc).
MBefore any measurements are carried out,
raise the engine speed to around 2500 rpm,
and hold it at this speed for 20 seconds. Allowthe engine speed to return to idle, and watch
for smoke emissions from the exhaust
tailpipe. If the idle speed is obviously much
too high, or if dense blue or clearly-visible
black smoke comes from the tailpipe for more
than 5 seconds, the vehicle will fail. As a rule
of thumb, blue smoke signifies oil being burnt
(engine wear) while black smoke signifies
unburnt fuel (dirty air cleaner element, or other
carburettor or fuel system fault).
MAn exhaust gas analyser capable of
measuring carbon monoxide (CO) and
hydrocarbons (HC) is now needed. If such an
instrument cannot be hired or borrowed, a
local garage may agree to perform the check
for a small fee.
CO emissions (mixture)
MAt the time of writing, the maximum CO
level at idle is 3.5% for vehicles first used after
August 1986 and 4.5% for older vehicles.
From January 1996 a much tighter limit
(around 0.5%) applies to catalyst-equipped
vehicles first used from August 1992. If the
CO level cannot be reduced far enough to
pass the test (and the fuel and ignition
systems are otherwise in good condition) then
the carburettor is badly worn, or there is some
problem in the fuel injection system or
catalytic converter (as applicable).
HC emissionsMWith the CO emissions within limits, HC
emissions must be no more than 1200 ppm
(parts per million). If the vehicle fails this test
at idle, it can be re-tested at around 2000 rpm;
if the HC level is then 1200 ppm or less, this
counts as a pass.
MExcessive HC emissions can be caused by
oil being burnt, but they are more likely to be
due to unburnt fuel. 
Diesel models
MThe only emission test applicable to Diesel
engines is the measuring of exhaust smoke
density. The test involves accelerating the
engine several times to its maximum
unloaded speed. 
Note: It is of the utmost importance that the
engine timing belt is in good condition before
the test is carried out. 
M
Excessive smoke can be caused by a dirty
air cleaner element. Otherwise, professional
advice may be needed to find the cause.
4Checks carried out on
YOUR VEHICLE’S EXHAUST
EMISSION SYSTEM 
						

							1689 Rover 214 & 414 Updated Version 09/97
REF•12Fault Finding
Introduction
The vehicle owner who does his or her own maintenance according
to the recommended service schedules should not have to use this
section of the manual very often. Modern component reliability is such
that, provided those items subject to wear or deterioration are
inspected or renewed at the specified intervals, sudden failure is
comparatively rare. Faults do not usually just happen as a result of
sudden failure, but develop over a period of time. Major mechanical
failures in particular are usually preceded by characteristic symptoms
over hundreds or even thousands of miles. Those components which
do occasionally fail without warning are often small and easily carried
in the vehicle.
With any fault finding, the first step is to decide where to begin
investigations. Sometimes this is obvious, but on other occasions a
little detective work will be necessary. The owner who makes half adozen haphazard adjustments or replacements may be successful in
curing a fault (or its symptoms), but will be none the wiser if the fault
recurs and ultimately may have spent more time and money than was
necessary. A calm and logical approach will be found to be more
satisfactory in the long run. Always take into account any warning
signs or abnormalities that may have been noticed in the period
preceding the fault - power loss, high or low gauge readings, unusual
smells, etc - and remember that failure of components such as fuses or
spark plugs may only be pointers to some underlying fault.
The pages which follow provide an easy reference guide to the more
common problems which may occur during the operation of the
vehicle. These problems and their possible causes are grouped under
headings denoting various components or systems, such as Engine,
Cooling system, etc. The Chapter and/or Section which deals with the
Engine
m mEngine fails to rotate when attempting to start
m mEngine rotates but will not start
m mEngine difficult to start when cold
m mEngine difficult to start when hot
m mStarter motor noisy or excessively rough in engagement
m mEngine starts but stops immediately
m mEngine idles erratically
m mEngine misfires at idle speed
m mEngine misfires throughout the driving speed range
m mEngine hesitates on acceleration
m mEngine stalls
m mEngine lacks power
m mEngine backfires
m mOil pressure warning light illuminated with engine running
m mEngine runs-on after switching off
m mEngine noises
Cooling system
m
mOverheating
m mOvercooling
m mExternal coolant leakage
m mInternal coolant leakage
m mCorrosion
Fuel and exhaust system
m
mExcessive fuel consumption
m mFuel leakage and/or fuel odour
m mExcessive noise or fumes from exhaust system
Clutch
m
mPedal travels to floor - no pressure or very little resistance
m mClutch fails to disengage (unable to select gears)
m mClutch slips (engine speed increases with no increase in vehicle
speed)
m mJudder as clutch is engaged
m mNoise when depressing or releasing clutch pedal
Gearbox
m
mNoisy in neutral with engine running
m mNoisy in one particular gear
m mDifficulty engaging gears
m mJumps out of gear
m mVibration
m mLubricant leaks
Driveshafts
m
mClicking or knocking noise on turns (at slow speed on full lock)
m mVibration when accelerating or decelerating
Braking system
m
mVehicle pulls to one side under braking
m mNoise (grinding or high-pitched squeal) when brakes applied
m mExcessive brake pedal travel
m mBrake pedal feels spongy when depressed
m mExcessive brake pedal effort required to stop vehicle
m mJudder felt through brake pedal or steering wheel when 
braking
m mBrakes binding
m mRear wheels locking under normal braking
Suspension and steering
m
mVehicle pulls to one side
m mWheel wobble and vibration
m mExcessive pitching and/or rolling around corners or during 
braking
m mWandering or general instability
m mExcessively stiff steering
m mExcessive play in steering
m mTyre wear excessive
Electrical system
m
mBattery will not hold a charge for more than a few days
m mIgnition warning light remains illuminated with engine 
running
m mIgnition warning light fails to come on
m mLights inoperative
m mInstrument readings inaccurate or erratic
m mHorn inoperative or unsatisfactory in operation
m mWindscreen/tailgate wipers inoperative or unsatisfactory in
operation
m mWindscreen/tailgate washers inoperative or unsatisfactory in
operation
m mElectric windows inoperative or unsatisfactory in operation
m mCentral locking system inoperative or unsatisfactory in 
operation 
						

							1689 Rover 214 & 414 Updated Version 09/97 problem is also shown in brackets. Whatever the fault, certain basic
principles apply. These are as follows:
Verify the fault. This is simply a matter of being sure that you know
what the symptoms are before starting work. This is particularly
important if you are investigating a fault for someone else who may not
have described it very accurately.
Don’t overlook the obvious. For example, if the vehicle won’t start, is
there petrol in the tank? (Don’t take anyone else’s word on this
particular point, and don’t trust the fuel gauge either!) If an electrical
fault is indicated, look for loose or broken wires before digging out the
test gear.
Cure the disease, not the symptom. Substituting a flat battery with afully charged one will get you off the hard shoulder, but if the
underlying cause is not attended to, the new battery will go the same
way. Similarly, changing oil-fouled spark plugs for a new set will get
you moving again, but remember that the reason for the fouling (if it
wasn’t simply an incorrect grade of plug) will have to be established
and corrected.
Don’t take anything for granted. Particularly, don’t forget that a `new’
component may itself be defective (especially if it’s been rattling
around in the boot for months), and don’t leave components out of a
fault diagnosis sequence just because they are new or recently fitted.
When you do finally diagnose a difficult fault, you’ll probably realise
that all the evidence was there from the start.
Fault FindingREF•13
Engine
Engine fails to rotate when attempting to start
m mBattery terminal connections loose or corroded(“Weekly checks”).
m mBattery discharged or faulty (Chapter 5).
m mBroken, loose or disconnected wiring in the starting circuit
(Chapter 5).
m mDefective starter solenoid or switch (Chapter 5).
m mDefective starter motor (Chapter 5).
m mStarter pinion or flywheel ring gear teeth loose or broken (Chap-
ters 2 and 5).
m mEngine earth strap broken or disconnected (Chapter 5).
Engine rotates but will not start
m
mFuel tank empty.
m mBattery discharged (engine rotates slowly) (Chapter 5).
m mBattery terminal connections loose or corroded (“Weekly Checks”).
m mIgnition components damp or damaged (Chapters 1 and 5).
m mBroken, loose or disconnected wiring in the ignition circuit
(Chapters 1 and 5).
m mWorn, faulty or incorrectly gapped spark plugs (Chapter 1).
m mChoke mechanism sticking, incorrectly adjusted, or faulty (Chapter 4).
m mMajor mechanical failure (eg camshaft drive) (Chapter 2).
Engine difficult to start when cold
m
mBattery discharged (Chapter 5).
m mBattery terminal connections loose or corroded (“Weekly Checks”).
m mWorn, faulty or incorrectly gapped spark plugs (Chapter 1).
m mChoke mechanism sticking, incorrectly adjusted, or faulty (Chap-
ter 4).
m mOther ignition system fault (Chapters 1 and 5).
m mLow cylinder compressions (Chapter 2).
Engine difficult to start when hot
m
mAir filter element dirty or clogged (Chapter 1).
m mChoke mechanism sticking, incorrectly adjusted, or faulty (Chap-
ter 4).
m mCarburettor float chamber flooding (Chapter 4).
m mLow cylinder compressions (Chapter 2).
Starter motor noisy or excessively rough in
engagement
m mStarter pinion or flywheel ring gear teeth loose or broken (Chap-
ters 2 and 5).
m mStarter motor mounting bolts loose or missing (Chapter 5).
m mStarter motor internal components worn or damaged (Chapter 5).
Engine starts but stops immediately
m
mInsufficient fuel reaching carburettor (Chapter 4).
m mLoose or faulty electrical connections in the ignition circuit
(Chapters 1 and 5).
m mVacuum leak at the carburettor or inlet manifold (Chapter 4).
m mBlocked carburettor jet(s) or internal passages (Chapter 4).
Engine idles erratically
m
mIncorrectly adjusted idle speed and/or mixture settings (Chapter 1).
m mAir filter element clogged (Chapter 1).
m mVacuum leak at the carburettor, inlet manifold or associated hoses
(Chapter 4).
m mWorn, faulty or incorrectly gapped spark plugs (Chapter 1).
m mUneven or low cylinder compressions (Chapter 2).
m mCamshaft lobes worn (Chapter 2).
m mTiming belt incorrectly tensioned (Chapter 2).
Engine misfires at idle speed
m
mWorn, faulty or incorrectly gapped spark plugs (Chapter 1).
m mFaulty spark plug HT leads (Chapter 1).
m mIncorrectly adjusted idle mixture settings (Chapter 1).
m mIncorrect ignition timing (Chapter 1).
m mVacuum leak at the carburettor, inlet manifold or associated hoses
(Chapter 4).
m mDistributor cap cracked or tracking internally (Chapter 1).
m mUneven or low cylinder compressions (Chapter 2).
m mDisconnected, leaking or perished crankcase ventilation hoses
(Chapter 1).
Engine misfires throughout the driving speed range
m mBlocked carburettor jet(s) or internal passages (Chapter 4).
m mCarburettor worn or incorrectly adjusted (Chapters 1 and 4).
m mFuel filter choked (Chapter 1).
m mFuel pump faulty or delivery pressure low (Chapter 4).
m mFuel tank vent blocked or fuel pipes restricted (Chapter 4).
m mVacuum leak at the carburettor, inlet manifold or associated hoses
(Chapter 4).
m mWorn, faulty or incorrectly gapped spark plugs (Chapter 1).
m mFaulty spark plug HT leads (Chapter 1).
m mDistributor cap cracked or tracking internally (Chapter 1).
m mFaulty ignition coil (Chapter 5).
m mUneven or low cylinder compressions (Chapter 2).
Engine hesitates on acceleration
m
mWorn, faulty or incorrectly gapped spark plugs (Chapter 1).
m mCarburettor accelerator pump faulty (Chapter 4).
m mBlocked carburettor jets or internal passages (Chapter 4).
m mVacuum leak at the carburettor, inlet manifold or associated hoses
(Chapter 4).
m mCarburettor worn or incorrectly adjusted (Chapters 1 and 4).
Engine stalls
m
mIncorrectly adjusted idle speed and/or mixture settings (Chapter 1).
m mBlocked carburettor jet(s) or internal passages (Chapter 4).
m mVacuum leak at the carburettor, inlet manifold or associated hoses
(Chapter 4).
m mFuel filter choked (Chapter 1).
m mFuel pump faulty or delivery pressure low (Chapter 4).
m mFuel tank vent blocked or fuel pipes restricted (Chapter 4). 
						

							1689 Rover 214 & 414 Updated Version 09/97
Cooling system
Engine lacks power
m mIncorrect ignition timing (Chapter 1).
m mCarburettor worn or incorrectly adjusted (Chapter 1).
m mTiming belt incorrectly fitted or tensioned (Chapter 2).
m mFuel filter choked (Chapter 1).
m mFuel pump faulty or delivery pressure low (Chapter 4).
m mUneven or low cylinder compressions (Chapter 2).
m mWorn, faulty or incorrectly gapped spark plugs (Chapter 1).
m mVacuum leak at the carburettor, inlet manifold or associated hoses
(Chapter 4).
m mBrakes binding (Chapters 1 and 9).
m mClutch slipping (Chapter 6).
Engine backfires
m
mIgnition timing incorrect (Chapter 1).
m mTiming belt incorrectly fitted or tensioned (Chapter 2).
m mCarburettor worn or incorrectly adjusted (Chapter 1).
m mVacuum leak at the carburettor, inlet manifold or associated hoses
(Chapter 4).
Oil pressure warning light illuminated with engine
running
m mLow oil level or incorrect grade (Chapter 1).
m mFaulty oil pressure switch (Chapter 2).
m mWorn engine bearings and/or oil pump (Chapter 2).
m mHigh engine operating temperature (Chapter 3).
m mOil pressure relief valve defective (Chapter 2).
m mOil pick-up strainer clogged (Chapter 2).
Engine runs-on after switching off
m
mIdle speed excessively high (Chapter 1).
m mFaulty anti-run-on solenoid (Chapter 4).
m mExcessive carbon build-up in engine (Chapter 2).
m mHigh engine operating temperature (Chapter 3).
Engine noises
Pre-ignition (pinking) or knocking during acceleration or
under load
m mIgnition timing incorrect (Chapter 1).
m mIncorrect grade of fuel (Chapter 4).
m mVacuum leak at the carburettor, inlet manifold or associated hoses
(Chapter 4).
m mExcessive carbon build-up in engine (Chapter 2).
m mWorn or damaged distributor or other ignition system component
(Chapter 5).
m mCarburettor worn or incorrectly adjusted (Chapter 1).
Whistling or wheezing noises
m
mLeaking inlet manifold or carburettor gasket (Chapter 4).
m mLeaking exhaust manifold gasket or pipe to manifold joint (Chap-
ter 1).
m mLeaking vacuum hose (Chapters 4, 5 and 9).
m mBlowing cylinder head gasket (Chapter 2).
Tapping or rattling noises
m
mFaulty hydraulic tappets (Chapter 1 or 2).
m mWorn valve gear or camshaft (Chapter 2).
m mWorn timing belt or tensioner (Chapter 2).
m mAncillary component fault (coolant pump, alternator etc) (Chap-
ters 3 and 5).
Knocking or thumping noises
m mWorn big-end bearings (regular heavy knocking, perhaps less
under load) (Chapter 2).
m mWorn main bearings (rumbling and knocking, perhaps worsening
under load) (Chapter 2).
m mPiston slap (most noticeable when cold) (Chapter 2).
m mAncillary component fault (alternator, coolant pump etc) (Chap-
ters 3 and 5).
REF•14Fault Finding
Overheating
m mInsufficient coolant in system (Chapter 3).
m mThermostat faulty (Chapter 3).
m mRadiator core blocked or grille restricted (Chapter 3).
m mElectric cooling fan or thermostatic switch faulty (Chapter 3).
m mPressure cap faulty (Chapter 3).
m mTiming belt worn, or incorrectly tensioned (Chapter 2).
m mIgnition timing incorrect (Chapter 1).
m mInaccurate temperature gauge sender unit (Chapter 3).
m mAir lock in cooling system (Chapter 1).
Overcooling
m
mThermostat faulty (Chapter 3).
m mInaccurate temperature gauge sender unit (Chapter 3).
External coolant leakage
m
mDeteriorated or damaged hoses or hose clips (Chapter 1).
m mRadiator core or heater matrix leaking (Chapter 3).
m mPressure cap faulty (Chapter 3).
m mCoolant pump seal leaking (Chapter 3).
m mBoiling due to overheating (Chapter 3).
m mCore plug leaking (Chapter 2).
Internal coolant leakage
m
mLeaking cylinder head gasket (Chapter 2).
m mCracked cylinder head or cylinder bore (Chapter 2).
Corrosion
m
mInfrequent draining and flushing (Chapter 1).
m mIncorrect antifreeze mixture or inappropriate type (Chapter 1).
Engine (continued) 
						

							1689 Rover 214 & 414 Updated Version 09/97
Fault FindingREF•15
Fuel and exhaust system
Excessive fuel consumption
m mAir filter element dirty or clogged (Chapter 1).
m mCarburettor worn or incorrectly adjusted (Chapter 4).
m mChoke cable incorrectly adjusted or choke sticking (Chapter 4).
m mIgnition timing incorrect (Chapter 1).
m mTyres underinflated(“Weekly Checks”).
Fuel leakage and/or fuel odour
m
mDamaged or corroded fuel tank, pipes or connections (Chapter 1).
m mCarburettor float chamber flooding (Chapter 4).
Excessive noise or fumes from exhaust system
m
mLeaking exhaust system or manifold joints (Chapter 1).
m mLeaking, corroded or damaged silencers or pipe (Chapter 1).
m mBroken mountings causing body or suspension contact (Chapter 1).
Clutch
Pedal travels to floor - no pressure or very little
resistance
m mBroken clutch cable (Chapter 6).
m mFaulty clutch pedal self-adjust mechanism (Chapter 6).
m mBroken clutch release bearing or fork (Chapter 6).
m mBroken diaphragm spring in clutch pressure plate (Chapter 6).
Clutch fails to disengage (unable to select gears)
m
mFaulty clutch pedal self-adjust mechanism (Chapter 6).
m mClutch friction plate sticking on gearbox input shaft splines
(Chapter 6).
m mClutch friction plate sticking to flywheel or pressure plate (Chapter 6).
m mFaulty pressure plate assembly (Chapter 6).
m mGearbox input shaft seized in crankshaft spigot bearing (Chapter 2).
m mClutch release mechanism worn or incorrectly assembled (Chapter 6).
Noise when depressing or releasing clutch pedal
m
mWorn clutch release bearing (Chapter 6).
m mWorn or dry clutch pedal bushes (Chapter 6).
m mFaulty pressure plate assembly (Chapter 6).
m mPressure plate diaphragm spring broken (Chapter 6).
m mBroken clutch friction plate cushioning springs (Chapter 6).
Clutch slips (engine speed increases with no
increase in vehicle speed)
m mFaulty clutch pedal self-adjust mechanism (Chapter 6).
m mClutch friction plate friction material excessively worn (Chap-
ter 6).
m mClutch friction plate friction material contaminated with oil or
grease (Chapter 6).
m mFaulty pressure plate or weak diaphragm spring (Chapter 6).
Judder as clutch is engaged
m
mClutch friction plate friction material contaminated with oil or
grease (Chapter 6).
m mClutch friction plate friction material excessively worn (Chap-
ter 6).
m mClutch cable sticking or frayed (Chapter 6).
m mFaulty or distorted pressure plate or diaphragm spring (Chap-
ter 6).
m mWorn or loose engine or gearbox mountings (Chapter 2).
m mClutch friction plate hub or gearbox input shaft splines worn
(Chapter 6).
Gearbox
Noisy in neutral with engine running
m mInput shaft bearings worn (noise apparent with clutch pedal
released but not when depressed) (Chapter 7).*
m mClutch release bearing worn (noise apparent with clutch pedal
depressed, possibly less when released) (Chapter 6).
Noisy in one particular gear
m mWorn, damaged or chipped gear teeth (Chapter 7).*
Difficulty engaging gears
m
mClutch fault (Chapter 6).
m mWorn or damaged gear linkage (Chapter 7).
m mIncorrectly adjusted gear linkage (Chapter 7).
m mWorn synchroniser units (Chapter 7).*
Jumps out of gear
m
mWorn or damaged gear linkage (Chapter 7).
m mIncorrectly adjusted gear linkage (Chapter 7).
m mWorn synchroniser units (Chapter 7).*
m mWorn selector forks (Chapter 7).*
Vibration
m
mLack of oil (Chapter 1).
m mWorn bearings (Chapter 7).*
Lubricant leaks
m
mLeaking driveshaft oil seal (Chapter 7).
m mLeaking housing joint (Chapter 7).*
m mLeaking input shaft oil seal (Chapter 7).*
*Although the corrective action necessary to remedy the symptoms
described is beyond the scope of the home mechanic, the above
information should be helpful in isolating the cause of the condition so
that the owner can communicate clearly with a professional mechanic 
						

							1689 Rover 214 & 414 Updated Version 09/97
Braking system
REF•16Fault Finding
Driveshafts
Clicking or knocking noise on turns (at slow speed
on full lock)
m mLack of constant velocity joint lubricant (Chapter 8).
m mWorn outer constant velocity joint (Chapter 8).
Vibration when accelerating or decelerating
m
mWorn inner constant velocity joint (Chapter 8).
m mBent or distorted driveshaft (Chapter 8).
Note:Before assuming that a brake problem exists, make sure that the
tyres are in good condition and correctly inflated, the front wheel
alignment is correct and the vehicle is not loaded with weight in an
unequal manner
Vehicle pulls to one side under braking
m mWorn, defective, damaged or contaminated front or rear brake
pads/shoes on one side (Chapter 1).
m mSeized or partially seized front or rear brake caliper/wheel cylinder
piston (Chapter 9).
m mA mixture of brake pad/shoe lining materials fitted between sides
(Chapter 1).
m mBrake caliper mounting bolts loose (Chapter 9).
m mRear brake backplate mounting bolts loose (Chapter 9).
m mWorn or damaged steering or suspension components (Chap-
ter 10).
Noise (grinding or high-pitched squeal) when
brakes applied
m mBrake pad or shoe friction lining material worn down to metal
backing (Chapter 1).
m mExcessive corrosion of brake disc or drum, especially if the vehicle
has been standing for some time (Chapter 1).
m mForeign object (stone chipping etc) trapped between brake disc
and splash shield (Chapter 1).
Brake pedal feels spongy when depressed
m mAir in hydraulic system (Chapter 9).
m mDeteriorated flexible rubber brake hoses (Chapter 1 or 9).
m mMaster cylinder mounting nuts loose (Chapter 9).
m mFaulty master cylinder (Chapter 9).
Excessive brake pedal travel
m
mFaulty master cylinder (Chapter 9).
m mAir in hydraulic system (Chapter 9).
Excessive brake pedal effort required to stop
vehicle
m mFaulty vacuum servo unit (Chapter 9).
m mDisconnected, damaged or insecure brake servo vacuum hose
(Chapter 9).
m mPrimary or secondary hydraulic circuit failure (Chapter 9).
m mSeized brake caliper or wheel cylinder piston(s) (Chapter 9).
m mBrake pads or brake shoes incorrectly fitted (Chapter 1).
m mIncorrect grade of brake pads or brake shoes fitted (Chapter 1).
m mBrake pads or brake shoe linings contaminated (Chapter 1).
Judder felt through brake pedal or steering wheel
when braking
m mExcessive run-out or distortion of front discs or rear drums
(Chapter 9).
m mBrake pad or brake shoe linings worn (Chapter 1).
m mBrake caliper or rear brake backplate mounting bolts loose
(Chapter 9).
m mWear in suspension, steering components or mountings (Chapter
9).
Brakes binding
m mSeized brake caliper or wheel cylinder piston(s) (Chapter 9).
m mIncorrectly adjusted handbrake mechanism or linkage (Chapter 1).
m mFaulty master cylinder (Chapter 9).
Rear wheels locking under normal braking
m
mRear brake shoe linings contaminated (Chapter 1).
m mFaulty brake pressure regulator (Chapter 9).
Suspension and steering
Note:Before diagnosing suspension or steering faults, be sure that the
trouble is not due to incorrect tyre pressures, mixtures of tyre types or
binding brakes
Vehicle pulls to one side
m mDefective tyre(“Weekly Checks”).
m mExcessive wear in suspension or steering components (Chap-
ter 10).
m mIncorrect front wheel alignment (Chapter 10).
m mAccident damage to steering or suspension components (Chap-
ter 10).
Wheel wobble and vibration
m mFront roadwheels out of balance (vibration felt mainly through the
steering wheel) (Chapter 10).
m mRear roadwheels out of balance (vibration felt throughout the
vehicle) (Chapter 10).
m mRoadwheels damaged or distorted (Chapter 10).m mFaulty or damaged tyre (Chapter 10).
m mWorn steering or suspension joints, bushes or components
(Chapter 10).
m mWheel nuts loose (Chapter 1).
Excessive pitching and/or rolling around corners
or during braking
m mBroken or weak suspension components (Chapter 10).
m mWorn or damaged anti-roll bar or mountings (Chapter 10).
Wandering or general instability
m
mIncorrect front wheel alignment (Chapter 10).
m mWorn steering or suspension joints, bushes or components
(Chapter 10).
m mRoadwheels out of balance (Chapter 10).
m mFaulty or damaged tyre (Chapter 10).
m mWheel nuts loose (Chapter 1). 
						

							1689 Rover 214 & 414 Updated Version 09/97
Fault FindingREF•17
Suspension and steering (continued)
Excessively stiff steering
m mLack of steering gear lubricant (Chapter 10).
m mSeized track rod balljoint or suspension balljoint (Chapter 10).
m mIncorrect front wheel alignment (Chapter 10).
m mSteering rack or column bent or damaged (Chapter 10).
Excessive play in steering
m
mWorn steering column universal joint(s) or intermediate coupling
(Chapter 10).
m mWorn steering track rod balljoints (Chapter 10).
m mWorn steering gear (Chapter 10).
m mWorn steering or suspension joints, bushes or components
(Chapter 10).
Tyre wear excessive
Tyres worn on inside or outside edges
m mTyres underinflated (wear on both edges) (“Weekly Checks”).
m mIncorrect camber or castor angles (wear on one edge only)
(Chapter 10).m mWorn steering or suspension joints, bushes or components
(Chapter 10).
m mExcessively hard cornering.
m mAccident damage.
Tyre treads exhibit feathered edges
m
mIncorrect toe setting (Chapter 10).
Tyres worn in centre of tread
m
mTyres overinflated (“Weekly Checks”).
Tyres worn on inside and outside edges
m
mTyres underinflated(“Weekly Checks”).
Tyres worn unevenly
m
mTyres out of balance(“Weekly Checks”).
m mExcessive wheel or tyre run-out(“Weekly Checks”).
m mWorn suspension units and/or dampers (Chapter 10).
m mFaulty tyre(“Weekly Checks”).
Electrical system
Note:For problems associated with the starting system, refer to the
faults listed under “Engine” earlier in this Section
Battery will not hold a charge for more than a few
days
m mBattery defective internally (Chapter 5).
m mBattery electrolyte level low (Chapter 1).
m mBattery terminal connections loose or corroded (Chapter 5).
m mAlternator drivebelt worn or incorrectly adjusted (Chapter 1).
m mAlternator not charging at correct output (Chapter 5).
m mAlternator or voltage regulator faulty (Chapter 5).
m mShort-circuit causing continual battery drain (Chapter 12).
Ignition warning light remains illuminated with
engine running
m mAlternator drivebelt broken, worn, or incorrectly adjusted (Chapter 1).
m mAlternator brushes worn, sticking, or dirty (Chapter 5).
m mAlternator brush springs weak or broken (Chapter 5).
m mInternal fault in alternator or voltage regulator (Chapter 5).
m mBroken, disconnected, or loose wiring in charging circuit (Chap-
ter 5).
Ignition warning light fails to come on
m mWarning light bulb blown (Chapter 12).
m mBroken, disconnected, or loose wiring in warning light circuit
(Chapter 12).
m mAlternator faulty (Chapter 5).
Lights inoperative
m
mBulb blown (Chapter 12).
m mCorrosion of bulb or bulbholder contacts (Chapter 12).
m mBlown fuse (Chapter 12).
m mFaulty relay (Chapter 12).
m mBroken, loose, or disconnected wiring (Chapter 12).
m mFaulty switch (Chapter 12).
Instrument readings inaccurate or erratic
Instrument readings increase with engine speed
m
mFaulty voltage regulator (Chapter 12).
Fuel or temperature gauge give no reading
m
mFaulty gauge sender unit (Chapters 3 or 4).
m mWiring open circuit (Chapter 12).
m mFaulty gauge (Chapter 12).
Fuel or temperature gauges give continuous maximum
reading
m mFaulty gauge sender unit (Chapters 3 or 4).
m mWiring short-circuit (Chapter 12).
m mFaulty gauge (Chapter 12).
Horn inoperative or unsatisfactory in operation
Horn operates all the time
m
mHorn push either earthed or stuck down (Chapter 12).
m mHorn cable to horn push earthed (Chapter 12).
Horn fails to operate
m
mBlown fuse (Chapter 12).
m mCable or cable connections loose, broken or disconnected
(Chapter 12).
m mFaulty horn (Chapter 12).
Horn emits intermittent or unsatisfactory sound
m
mCable connections loose (Chapter 12).
m mHorn mountings loose (Chapter 12).
m mFaulty horn (Chapter 12).
Windscreen/tailgate wipers inoperative or 
unsatisfactory in operation
Wipers fail to operate or operate very slowly
m mWiper blades stuck to screen, or linkage seized or binding (Chap-
ter 12).
m mBlown fuse (Chapter 12).
m mCable or cable connections loose, broken or disconnected
(Chapter 12).
m mFaulty relay (Chapter 12).
m mFaulty wiper motor (Chapter 12). 
						

							1689 Rover 214 & 414 Updated Version 09/97
REF•18Fault Finding
Electrical system (continued)
Wiper blades sweep over too large or too small an area of
the glass
m mWiper arms incorrectly positioned on spindles (Chapter 12).
m mExcessive wear of wiper linkage (Chapter 12).
m mWiper motor or linkage mountings loose or insecure (Chapter 12).
Wiper blades fail to clean the glass effectively
m
mWiper blade rubbers worn or perished(“Weekly Checks”).
m mWiper arm tension springs broken or arm pivots seized (Chap-
ter 12).
m mInsufficient windscreen washer additive to adequately remove road
dirt film(“Weekly Checks”).
Windscreen/tailgate washers inoperative or
unsatisfactory in operation
One or more washer jets inoperative
m mBlocked washer jet (Chapter 12).
m mDisconnected, kinked or restricted fluid hose (Chapter 12).
m mInsufficient fluid in washer reservoir(“Weekly Checks”).
Washer pump fails to operate
m
mBroken or disconnected wiring or connections (Chapter 12).
m mBlown fuse (Chapter 12).
m mFaulty washer switch (Chapter 12).
m mFaulty washer pump (Chapter 12).
Washer pump runs for some time before fluid is emitted
from jets
m mFaulty one-way valve in fluid supply hose (Chapter 12).
Electric windows inoperative or unsatisfactory in
operation
Window glass will only move in one direction
m mFaulty switch (Chapter 12).
Window glass slow to move
m
mIncorrectly adjusted door glass guide channels (Chapter 11).
m mRegulator seized or damaged, or in need of lubrication (Chap-
ter 11).
m mDoor internal components or trim fouling regulator (Chapter 11).
m mFaulty motor (Chapter 12).
Window glass fails to move
m
mIncorrectly adjusted door glass guide channels (Chapter 11).
m mBlown fuse (Chapter 12).
m mFaulty relay (Chapter 12).
m mBroken or disconnected wiring or connections (Chapter 12).
m mFaulty motor (Chapter 12).
Central locking system inoperative or unsatis-
factory in operation
Complete system failure
m mBlown fuse (Chapter 12).
m mFaulty relay (Chapter 12).
m mBroken or disconnected wiring or connections (Chapter 12).
Latch locks but will not unlock, or unlocks but will not lock
m
mFaulty master switch (Chapter 12).
m mBroken or disconnected latch operating rods or levers (Chap-
ter 11).
m mFaulty relay (Chapter 12).
One motor fails to operate
m
mBroken or disconnected wiring or connections (Chapter 12).
m mFaulty motor (Chapter 12).
m mBroken, binding or disconnected latch operating rods or levers
(Chapter 11).
m mFault in door latch (Chapter 11). 
						

							1689 Rover 214 & 414 Updated Version 09/97
Glossary of Technical TermsREF•19
A
ABS (Anti-lock brake system)A system,
usually electronically controlled, that senses
incipient wheel lockup during braking and
relieves hydraulic pressure at wheels that are
about to skid.
Air bag  An inflatable bag hidden in the
steering wheel (driver’s side) or the dash or
glovebox (passenger side). In a head-on
collision, the bags inflate, preventing the
driver and front passenger from being thrown
forward into the steering wheel or windscreen.
Air cleanerA metal or plastic housing,
containing a filter element, which removes
dust and dirt from the air being drawn into the
engine.
Air filter elementThe actual filter in an air
cleaner system, usually manufactured from
pleated paper and requiring renewal at regular
intervals.
Allen keyA hexagonal wrench which fits into
a recessed hexagonal hole.
Alligator clipA long-nosed spring-loaded
metal clip with meshing teeth. Used to make
temporary electrical connections.
AlternatorA component in the electrical
system which converts mechanical energy
from a drivebelt into electrical energy to
charge the battery and to operate the starting
system, ignition system and electrical
accessories. 
Ampere (amp)A unit of measurement for the
flow of electric current. One amp is the
amount of current produced by one volt
acting through a resistance of one ohm.
Anaerobic sealerA substance used to
prevent bolts and screws from loosening.
Anaerobic means that it does not require
oxygen for activation. The Loctite brand is
widely used.
AntifreezeA substance (usually ethylene
glycol) mixed with water, and added to a
vehicle’s cooling system, to prevent freezing
of the coolant in winter. Antifreeze also
contains chemicals to inhibit corrosion and
the formation of rust and other deposits thatwould tend to clog the radiator and coolant
passages and reduce cooling efficiency.
Anti-seize compoundA coating that
reduces the risk of seizing on fasteners that
are subjected to high temperatures, such as
exhaust manifold bolts and nuts.
AsbestosA natural fibrous mineral with great
heat resistance, commonly used in the
composition of brake friction materials.
Asbestos is a health hazard and the dust
created by brake systems should never be
inhaled or ingested.
AxleA shaft on which a wheel revolves, or
which revolves with a wheel. Also, a solid
beam that connects the two wheels at one
end of the vehicle. An axle which also
transmits power to the wheels is known as a
live axle.
AxleshaftA single rotating shaft, on either
side of the differential, which delivers power
from the final drive assembly to the drive
wheels. Also called a driveshaft or a halfshaft.
BBall bearingAn anti-friction bearing
consisting of a hardened inner and outer race
with hardened steel balls between two races.BearingThe curved surface on a shaft or in a
bore, or the part assembled into either, that
permits relative motion between them with
minimum wear and friction.
Big-end bearingThe bearing in the end of
the connecting rod that’s attached to the
crankshaft.
Bleed nippleA valve on a brake wheel
cylinder, caliper or other hydraulic component
that is opened to purge the hydraulic system
of air. Also called a bleed screw.
Brake bleedingProcedure for removing air
from lines of a hydraulic brake system.
Brake discThe component of a disc brake
that rotates with the wheels.
Brake drumThe component of a drum brake
that rotates with the wheels.
Brake liningsThe friction material which
contacts the brake disc or drum to retard the
vehicle’s speed. The linings are bonded or
riveted to the brake pads or shoes.
Brake padsThe replaceable friction pads
that pinch the brake disc when the brakes are
applied. Brake pads consist of a friction
material bonded or riveted to a rigid backing
plate.
Brake shoeThe crescent-shaped carrier to
which the brake linings are mounted and
which forces the lining against the rotating
drum during braking.
Braking systemsFor more information on
braking systems, consult the Haynes
Automotive Brake Manual.
Breaker barA long socket wrench handle
providing greater leverage.
BulkheadThe insulated partition between
the engine and the passenger compartment.
CCaliperThe non-rotating part of a disc-brake
assembly that straddles the disc and carries
the brake pads. The caliper also contains the
hydraulic components that cause the pads to
pinch the disc when the brakes are applied. A
caliper is also a measuring tool that can be set
to measure inside or outside dimensions of an
object.
Brake bleeding
Bearing
Axle assembly
Anti-seize compound
Alternator (exploded view)
Air filter 
						

							1689 Rover 214 & 414 Updated Version 09/97
REF•20Glossary of Technical Terms
CamshaftA rotating shaft on which a series
of cam lobes operate the valve mechanisms.
The camshaft may be driven by gears, by
sprockets and chain or by sprockets and a
belt.
CanisterA container in an evaporative
emission control system; contains activated
charcoal granules to trap vapours from the
fuel system.
CarburettorA device which mixes fuel with
air in the proper proportions to provide a
desired power output from a spark ignition
internal combustion engine.
CastellatedResembling the parapets along
the top of a castle wall. For example, a
castellated balljoint stud nut.
CastorIn wheel alignment, the backward or
forward tilt of the steering axis. Castor is
positive when the steering axis is inclined
rearward at the top.Catalytic converterA silencer-like device in
the exhaust system which converts certain
pollutants in the exhaust gases into less
harmful substances.
CirclipA ring-shaped clip used to prevent
endwise movement of cylindrical parts and
shafts. An internal circlip is installed in a
groove in a housing; an external circlip fits into
a groove on the outside of a cylindrical piece
such as a shaft.
ClearanceThe amount of space between
two parts. For example, between a piston and
a cylinder, between a bearing and a journal,
etc.
Coil springA spiral of elastic steel found in
various sizes throughout a vehicle, for
example as a springing medium in the
suspension and in the valve train.
CompressionReduction in volume, and
increase in pressure and temperature, of a
gas, caused by squeezing it into a smaller
space.
Compression ratioThe relationship between
cylinder volume when the piston is at top
dead centre and cylinder volume when the
piston is at bottom dead centre.
Constant velocity (CV) jointA type of
universal joint that cancels out vibrations
caused by driving power being transmitted
through an angle.
Core plugA disc or cup-shaped metal device
inserted in a hole in a casting through which
core was removed when the casting was
formed. Also known as a freeze plug or
expansion plug. 
CrankcaseThe lower part of the engine
block in which the crankshaft rotates.
CrankshaftThe main rotating member, or
shaft, running the length of the crankcase,
with offset “throws” to which the connecting
rods are attached.Crocodile clipSee Alligator clip
DDiagnostic codeCode numbers obtained by
accessing the diagnostic mode of an engine
management computer. This code can be
used to determine the area in the system
where a malfunction may be located.
Disc brakeA brake design incorporating a
rotating disc onto which brake pads are
squeezed. The resulting friction converts the
energy of a moving vehicle into heat.
Double-overhead cam (DOHC)An engine
that uses two overhead camshafts, usually
one for the intake valves and one for the
exhaust valves.
Drivebelt(s)The belt(s) used to drive
accessories such as the alternator, water
pump, power steering pump, air conditioning
compressor, etc. off the crankshaft pulley.
DriveshaftAny shaft used to transmit
motion. Commonly used when referring to the
axleshafts on a front wheel drive vehicle.
Drum brakeA type of brake using a drum-
shaped metal cylinder attached to the inner
surface of the wheel. When the brake pedal is
pressed, curved brake shoes with friction
linings press against the inside of the drum to
slow or stop the vehicle.
Castellated nut
Catalytic converter
Crankshaft assembly
Carburettor
Canister
Drum brake assembly
Accessory drivebelts
Driveshaft