Land Rover Defender 2002 Electrical Library Rover Manual
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DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 4.18DEFENDER 02MY STARTING AND CHARGING – Td5 DESCRIPTION Starting The starting system on the vehicle comprises a 12 volt starter motor which drives the engine to start the combustion process. The starter converts electrical energy into mechanical power. The vehicle electrical system must be capable of supplying sufficient power to enable the engine to be cranked. Charging The charging system comprises a battery and an alternator. The battery must be of a sufficient capacity to operate the starter motor and operate various electrical systems in the vehicle. The alternator charges the battery when the engine is running and increases its output as demand on the battery increases. The instrument pack incorporates a charge warning lamp which illuminates when there is no output or a low output from the alternator. OPERATION Power Distribution Feed from the positive battery terminal (C0192) is supplied to fusible link 1 and fusible link 5 of the under bonnet fuse box (C0632) on an N wire. The battery (C0192) also provides a feed to the starter motor solenoid (C0823) on an R wire. Fusible link 1 (C0622) provides a constant battery feed to the glow plug relay (C0215) on an N wire. Fusible link 5 (C0570) provides a constant battery feed to the starter relay (C0151) and the ignition switch (C1043 on LHD, C0028 on RHD) on NW wires. When the ignition switch is turned to the ignition position, current flows across the switch (C1732 on LHD, C0094 on RHD) to fuse 12 and fuse 15 of the passenger compartment fuse box (C0580) on a W wire. Fuse 12 (C0580) provides an ignition feed to the alternator (C0226) on a WG wire. Fuse 15 (C0580) provides an ignition feed to the ignition/no charge warning lamp located in the instrument pack (C0233) on a WG wire.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION DEFENDER 02MY 4.19 Starting Glow Plug Relay The energised main relay (C0063) provides a feed to the glow plug relay (C0215) on an NO wire. The earth path for the glow plug relay coil (C0215) is controlled by the Engine Control Module (ECM) (C0158) on a GU wire. The ECM provides an earth path for the relay coil to control both pre and post heat. Pre-heat is determined by battery voltage and engine coolant temperature. Post heat is determined solely by engine coolant temperature. For more information on glow plug operation, refer to the Engine Management System – Td5 section of the Workshop manual. The energised glow plug relay (C0215) provides a feed to the following on a YB then B wires: Glow plug number 1 (C0476) Glow plug number 2 (C0477) Glow plug number 3 (C0478) Glow plug number 4 (C0479). NOTE: Cylinder number 5 does not have a glow plug. Glow Plug Warning Lamp Operation of the glow plug warning lamp is controlled by the ECM. The ECM (C0658) provides a feed to the glow plug warning lamp (C0233) on a BY wire. The lamp (C0230) is earthed on a B wire. Starter Relay When the ignition switch is turned to the crank position, current flows across the switch (C1731 on LHD, C0090 on RHD) to the starter relay coil (C0151) on a WR wire. The earth path for the starter relay coil (C0151) is controlled by the anti-theft alarm ECU (C1980 on LHD, C0057 on RHD) on a BO wire. For more information, refer to the Anti-theft Alarm and Central Door Locking (CDL) section of this manual. + ANTI–THEFT ALARM AND CENTRAL DOOR LOCKING (CDL). The energised starter relay (C0151) provides a feed to the starter motor solenoid (C0179) on an NR wire. A battery feed is now able to flow across the starter motor solenoid switch contacts to power the starter motor.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 4.20DEFENDER 02MY Charging Alternator Feed from the positive battery terminal (C0192) is supplied to the alternator (C0183) via the starter motor (C0178) on an R then N wire. When the engine is started, the magnetised rotor within the stator windings generate 3 phase alternating current (ac) and voltage that rises rapidly with rotor speed. The field diodes in the rectifier pack convert the ac current into direct current (dc). Output current from the field diodes supplements the initial current flowing through the field windings. This causes an increase in the magnetic influence of the rotor, resulting in self-exitation of the alternator. The field current increases with rotor speed and thus increases the generated current and voltage until the alternator is fully excited. The alternator (C0183) charges the battery (C0192) via the starter motor by providing current on an N then R wire. Ignition/No Charge Warning Lamp Fuse 13 of the passenger compartment fuse box (C0580) provides an ignition feed to the ignition/no charge warning lamp (C0233) on a WG wire. The earth path for the warning lamp (C0233) is controlled by the alternator (C0226) on an NY wire. When the alternator outputs a voltage equal to that supplied by the battery, the warning lamp is extinguished as the potential difference across the lamp is 0 volts.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION DEFENDER 02MY 4.21 ANTI–LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM (ABS) DESCRIPTION General The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) fitted to Defender operates three features: Anti-lock braking Electronic Brake force Distribution (EBD) Traction Control (TC). The anti-lock braking system (ABS) is controlled by the ABS ECU, which is located beneath the RH front seat. The ABS ECU receives wheel speed information from the wheel speed sensors and monitors deceleration when the brakes are applied. If wheel deceleration is outside expected values, the ABS ECU controls the brake line pressure to each wheel via the ABS modulator. Once wheel deceleration has recovered to within allow limits, the ABS ECU allows brake pressure to be re-applied to the wheels. When the ignition is switched on, the ABS ECU carries out a system self checking process. When this has been successfully completed, the ABS will be fully functional. Traction Control (TC) operates in a similar manner. The ABS ECU monitors the speed of each wheel during acceleration. If any wheel is rotating faster than the others, brake pressure is applied to that wheel to slow it to the speed of the remaining three wheels. NOTE: TC can be disabled by operating the brake pedal ten times within ten seconds, when the ignition is turned on. TC will be re-activated when the ignition is turned off then on again. The ABS also features an Electronic Braking force Distribution (EBD) function. EBD allows the brake balance between the front and rear wheels to be maintained at an optimum level, ensuring the rear wheels dont lock before the front wheels.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 4.22DEFENDER 02MY OPERATION Power Distribution Feed from the positive battery terminal (C0192) is supplied to fusible link 1 and fusible link 5 of the under seat fuse box (C0632) on an N wire. Fusible link 1 is connected in series with fusible link 4 and fuse 1, which are also located in the under seat fuse box. Fuse 1 (C0573) provides a constant battery feed to the ABS ECU (C0504) on an NW wire. Fusible link 4 (C0571) provides a constant battery feed to the ABS modulator pump relay (C0508) on an NW wire. Fusible link 5 (C0570) is connected to the ignition switch (C1043 on LHD, C0028 on RHD) by an NW wire. When the ignition switch is turned to the ignition position, current flows across the switch (C1732 on LHD, C0094 on RHD) to fuse 11 of the passenger compartment fuse box (C0580) on a W wire. Fuse 11 (C0580) provides an ignition feed to the ABS ECU (C0504) on a GO wire. Wheel Speed Sensors The wheel speed sensors provide the ABS ECU with 60 pulses per wheel revolution. Each wheel speed sensor is connected to the ABS ECU via a twisted pair of wires, with both wires carrying the pulsed signal to the ABS ECU. The sensors are connected to the ABS ECU (C0505) as follows: The LH front wheel speed sensor (C0516) is connected to the ABS ECU via a pair of W wires. The RH front wheel speed sensor (C0517) is connected to the ABS ECU via a pair of G wires. The LH rear wheel speed sensor (C0502) is connected to the ABS ECU via a pair of W wires. The RH rear wheel speed sensor (C0503) is connected to the ABS ECU via a pair of G wires. ABS Modulator Pump The ABS modulator pump is part of the modulator assembly, and is controlled by the ABS ECU. The pump is used to increase brake line pressure. The ABS ECU (C0506) provides a feed to the modulator pump relay coil (C0508) on a WO wire. The relay coil (C0508) is earthed on a B wire. The energised modulator pump relay (C0508) allows a battery feed from fusible link 4 of the under seat fuse box (C0571) to power the modulator pump (C1587 on LHD, C0507 on RHD) on an NR wire. The pump is earthed on a B wire. The energised modulator pump relay (C0508) also provides a feed to the ABS ECU (C0504) on an NR wire. This feed is used by the ABS ECU to monitor operation of the modulator pump.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION DEFENDER 02MY 4.23 ABS ECU and Modulator The ABS ECU (C0506) provides outputs to the ABS modulator (C1591 on LHD, C0501 on RHD) as follows: The ABS modulator LH front outlet valve is driven by the ABS ECU via an SW wire. The ABS modulator LH front inlet valve is driven by the ABS ECU via an SR wire. The ABS modulator RH front outlet valve is driven by the ABS ECU via an SG wire. The ABS modulator RH front inlet valve is driven by the ABS ECU via an SU wire. The ABS modulator LH rear outlet valve is driven by the ABS ECU via an SY wire. The ABS modulator LH rear inlet valve is driven by the ABS ECU via an SN wire. The ABS modulator RH rear outlet valve is driven by the ABS ECU via an SP wire. The ABS modulator RH rear inlet valve is driven by the ABS ECU via an SK wire. The ABS ECU (C0504) and the modulator (C1592 on LHD, C0500 on RHD) are both earthed on B wires. The ABS modulator (C1591 on LHD, C0501 on RHD) provides outputs to the ABS ECU (C0506) as follows: An earth monitoring signal is provided to the ABS ECU on a B wire. A brake pedal signal is provided to the ABS ECU on an RB wire. Engine Control Module The Engine Control Module (ECM) provides information to the ABS ECU to enable optimum TC performance. The ECM (C0658) is connected to the ABS ECU (C0504) as follows: The ECM provides the ABS ECU with a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) signal on an SP wire. This signal includes information on engine torque, engine throttle, engine type, and throttle type. The ECM provides the ABS ECU with pulsed voltage signal on a YK wire. This signal informs the ABS ECU of engine speed. The ECM provides the ABS ECU with two voltage pulses per engine revolution.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 4.24DEFENDER 02MY Instrument Pack ABS Warning Lamp The ABS ECU (C0504) provides a feed to the instrument pack mounted ABS warning lamp (C0230) on an RS wire. The ABS ECU illuminates the warning lamp under the following conditions: A bulb check when the ignition is switched on. The ABS ECU illuminates the lamp for 0.3 seconds. If vehicle speed remains under 7 kph (4.3 mph) after the ignition has been switched on. When vehicle speed is greater than 7 kph, the ABS ECU will extinguish the lamp. If a fault has been stored in the ABS ECU memory. TC Lamp The ABS ECU (C0504) provides a feed to the instrument pack mounted TC lamp (C0230) on a YS wire. The ABS ECU illuminates the lamp under the following conditions: A bulb check when the ignition is switched on. The ABS ECU illuminates the lamp for 0.3 seconds. For a minimum of 2 seconds if TC is active. If a TC fault is detected by the ABS ECU. NOTE: The TC lamp may also illuminate if an ABS fault is detected. Brake Warning Lamp The ABS ECU (C0504) provides a feed to the instrument pack mounted brake warning lamp (C0230) on a BW wire. The ABS ECU illuminates the lamp under the following conditions: A bulb check when the ignition is switched on. The ABS ECU illuminates the lamp for 3 seconds. If an EBD fault is detected by the ABS ECU. The brake warning lamp will also illuminate if the handbrake is applied, or the brake fluid level is low. The handbrake switch (C0091) is connected to the brake warning lamp (C0230) by a WY then BW wire. The brake fluid level switch (C1725 on LHD, C0026 on RHD) is connected to the brake warning lamp (C0230) by a BW wire. Diagnostic Socket The ABS ECU can be interrogated using TestBook via the diagnostic socket. The diagnostic socket (C0040) is located on the centre console, and is connected to the ABS ECU (C0504) by a K wire.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION DEFENDER 02MY 4.25 AIR CONDITIONING – 300 Tdi DESCRIPTION General The air conditioning (A/C) system fitted to Defender operates independently of the standard heating and ventilation system. The A/C system is controlled by two rotary switches located on the driver side of the fascia; one switch controls blower speed, the other controls output temperature. In order to gain maximum A/C system performance, the standard heater blower control should be set to 0, and both the temperature and distribution controls in the fully up position. The A/C system will then produce cooled and dehumidified air via the lower fascia vents. NOTE: The A/C system will only operate when the engine is running. For more information on A/C system controls and general operating procedures, refer to the Air Conditioning section of the Owners Handbook. OPERATION Power Distribution Feed from the positive battery terminal (C0192) is supplied to fusible link 1 and fusible link 5 of the under seat fuse box (C0632) on an N wire. Fusible link 1 is connected in series with fusible link 2, which is also located in the under seat fuse box. Fusible link 2 (C0570) provides a constant battery feed to fuse 28 and fuse 29 of the passenger compartment fuse box (C0595) on an NK wire. Fuse 28 (C0595) provides a constant battery feed to the blower motor relay (C0153) on an NP then N wire. Fuse 29 (C0595) provides a constant battery feed to the compressor clutch relay (C1268) and the cooling fan relay (C0019) on a pair of NS wires. Fusible link 5 of the under seat fuse box (C0570) provides a constant battery feed to the ignition switch (C1043 on LHD, C0028 on RHD) on an NW wire. When the ignition switch is turned to the ignition position, current flows across the switch (C1732 on LHD, C0094 on RHD) to fuse 15 (C0580) of the passenger compartment fuse box on a W wire.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 4.26DEFENDER 02MY Fuse 15 (C0580) provides an ignition feed to the following on WG wires: The blower motor relay (C0153) The air conditioning unit (C1273) The blower motor switch (C1508) The air conditioning temperature control switch (C0275) The compressor clutch relay (C1268) The cooling fan relay (C0019). Blower Motor The blower motor relay coil (C0153) receives an ignition feed from fuse 15 of the passenger compartment fuse box (C0580) on a WG wire. The relay coil (C0153) is earthed on a UB then B wire. The energised blower motor relay (C0153) provides a feed to the blower motor (C0023) on a UW wire. Blower Speed 1 When the rotary blower switch is in position 1, current flows across the blower motor windings (C0023) to the blower motor resistor (C0425) on a U wire. The blower motor resistor (C0425) is connected to the blower motor switch (C1508) by a G wire. As current has to flow through a high resistance rating within the blower motor resistor, the blower motor operates at slow speed. The blower motor switch (C1508) is earthed on a UB then B wire. Blower Speed 2 When the rotary blower switch is in position 2, current flows across the blower motor windings (C0023) to the blower motor resistor (C0425) on a U wire. The blower motor resistor (C0425) is connected to the blower motor switch (C1508) by an NY wire. As current has to flow through a lower resistance rating within the blower motor resistor, the blower motor operates at increased speed. The blower motor switch (C1508) is earthed on a UB then B wire. Blower Speed 3 When the rotary blower switch is in position 3, current flows across the blower motor windings (C0023) directly to the blower motor switch (C1508) on a U wire. As the blower motor resistor is by-passed, the blower motor operates at fast speed. The blower motor switch (C1508) is earthed on a UB then B wire.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION DEFENDER 02MY 4.27 Temperature Control The temperature control switch relays operator input to the air conditioning unit, to control A/C system temperature output. The switch (C0275) receives an ignition feed from fuse 15 of the passenger compartment fuse box (C0580) on a WG wire. When the switch is turned to position 1, a feed is provided to the air conditioning unit (C1273) on a UY wire. When the switch is turned to position 2, a feed is provided to the air conditioning unit (C1273) on a RW wire. When the switch is turned to position 3 (maximum cooling), a feed is provided to the air conditioning unit (C1273) on a B wire. The switch (C1273) is earthed on a UB then B wire. Evaporator Temperature Sensor The evaporator temperature sensor is used to ensure the evaporator doesnt freeze. The air conditioning unit (C1273) provides a feed to the temperature sensor (C0134) on a K wire, and receives a return signal on a UW wire. The air conditioning unit (C1273) is earthed on a UB then B wire. Compressor Clutch When A/C is requested, the compressor clutch switch contacts (C0847) close. This allows current to flow from the compressor clutch relay coil (C1268) to the pressure sensor (C0279) on a WK then BS wire. The air conditioning unit (C1273) provides a feed to the other side of the pressure sensor (C0279) on a UG wire. If the pressure within the high pressure side of the A/C system is within operational limits, the air conditioning unit removes its feed and replaces it with a path to earth. This has the effect of energising the compressor clutch relay. The energised compressor clutch relay (C1268) provides a feed to the compressor clutch (C0182) on a BG wire. The clutch (C0182) is earthed on a B wire. Condenser Fan The cooling fan relay coil (C0019) receives a feed from fuse 15 of the passenger compartment fuse box (C0580) on a WG wire. The earth path for the relay coil (C0019) is controlled by the air conditioning fan switch (C0848) on a BP wire. If condenser cooling is required, the switch contacts close, creating a path to earth on a B wire. The energised cooling fan relay (C0019) is now able to provide a feed to the condenser fan motor (C0280) on a BN wire. The motor (C0280) is earthed on a B wire.