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HP 12c Owners Manual

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Page 101

  Section 8: Programming Basics  101 
 
File name: hp 12c_users guide_English_HDPMBF12E44  Page: 101 of 209   
Printered Date: 2005/7/29    Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm 
 
If the duration of the pause is not long enough to write down the number displayed, 
you can prolong it by using more than one u 
instruction. Alternatively, you can 
have the program automatically stop as described next. 
Stopping Program Execution 
Stopping Program Execution Automatically.
 Program execution is 
automatically halted...

Page 102

102  Section 8: Programming Basics 
 
 
File name: hp 12c_users guide_English_HDPMBF12E44  Page: 102 of 209   
Printered Date: 2005/7/29    Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm 
 
Keystrokes Display   
24\85 
85. Third item. 
t 
2,040.00 AMOUNT for third item. 
t 
137.70 TAX for third item. 
t 
2,177.70 TOTAL for third item. 
5\345 
345. Fourth item. 
t 
1,725.00 AMOUNT for fourth item. 
t 
116.44 TAX for fourth item. 
t 
1,841.44 TOTAL for fourth item. 
:1 
5,967.70 Sum of AMOUNT column. 
:2 
402.82 Sum of TAX...

Page 103

 
103 
File name: hp 12c_users guide_English_HDPMBF12E44  Page: 103 of 209   
Printered Date: 2005/7/29    Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm 
  Section 9 
Branching and Looping 
Although the instructions in a program normally are executed in order of their 
program line numbers, in some situations it is desirable to have program execution 
transfer or “branch” to a program line that is not the next line in program memory. 
Branching also makes it possible to automatically execute portions of a program 
more...

Page 104

104  Section 9: Branching and Looping 
 
 
File name: hp 12c_users guide_English_HDPMBF12E44  Page: 104 of 209   
Printered Date: 2005/7/29    Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm 
 
Looping 
If a i
 instruction specifies a lower-numbered line in program memory, the 
instructions in the program lines between the specified line and the i
 instruction 
will be executed repeatedly. As can be seen in the illustration above under Simple 
Branching, once the program begins executing the “loop” it will execute it again...

Page 105

  Section 9: Branching and Looping  105 
 
File name: hp 12c_users guide_English_HDPMBF12E44  Page: 105 of 209   
Printered Date: 2005/7/29    Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm 
 
Keystrokes Display   
:0 
02-  45  0Recalls the number of payments to 
be amortized. This program line is 
the one to which pro
gram execution 
will later branch. It is included 
because after the first time the loop 
is executed, the number in the 
“display”
*  is replaced by the result 
of !
. 
f! 
03-  42  11Amortizes payment(s)....

Page 106

106  Section 9: Branching and Looping 
 
 
File name: hp 12c_users guide_English_HDPMBF12E44  Page: 106 of 209   
Printered Date: 2005/7/29    Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm 
 
Keystrokes Display   
Ê 
02-  45  0Line 02: :
0. This is the beginning 
of the first pass through the loop. 
 
1.00  
Ê 
03-  42  11Line 03: f!
. 
 
–531.25 Portion of first month’s payment 
applied to interest. 
Ê 
04-  43  31Line 04: gu
. 
 
–531.25  
Ê 
05-    34Line 05: ~
. 
 
–12.10 Portion of first month’s payment 
applied to...

Page 107

  Section 9: Branching and Looping  107 
 
File name: hp 12c_users guide_English_HDPMBF12E44  Page: 107 of 209   
Printered Date: 2005/7/29    Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm 
 
Keystrokes Display   
Ê 
07- 43, 33   02Line 07: gi
02. 
This is the end of the second pass 
through the loop. 
 
–12.23  
t 
–530.99 Portion of third month’s payment 
applied to interest. 
 
–12.36 Portion of third month’s payment 
applied to principal. 
t(or any key) 
–12.36 Halts program execution. 
Conditional Branching 
Often...

Page 108

108  Section 9: Branching and Looping 
 
 
File name: hp 12c_users guide_English_HDPMBF12E44  Page: 108 of 209   
Printered Date: 2005/7/29    Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm 
 
 
The program line immediately following that containing the conditional test 
instruction can contain any instruction; however, the most commonly used 
instruction there is i
. If a i
 instruction follows a conditional test instruction, 
program execution branches elsewhere in program memory if the condition is true 
and continues...

Page 109

  Section 9: Branching and Looping  109 
 
File name: hp 12c_users guide_English_HDPMBF12E44  Page: 109 of 209   
Printered Date: 2005/7/29    Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm 
 
 
We’ll key the income into the display before running the program so that it will be 
in the X-register when the :
0 instruction in program line 01 is executed. This 
instruction will place the test value 20,000 in the X-register and (as explained in 
Appendix A) move the income into the Y-register. The ~
 instruction in program...

Page 110

110  Section 9: Branching and Looping 
 
 
File name: hp 12c_users guide_English_HDPMBF12E44  Page: 110 of 209   
Printered Date: 2005/7/29    Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm 
 
Keystrokes Display   
gi07 
04- 43, 33   07If condition is true, branches to 
program line 07. 
:2 
05-  45  2If condition is false, recalls 25% tax 
rate to X-register. 
gi08 
06- 43, 33   08Branches to program line 08. 
:1 
07-  45  1Recalls 20% tax rate to X-register. 
b 
08-    25Calculates tax. 
fs 
–12.36 Sets calculator to Run...
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