Ford 60 Service Manual

							WIRING DIAGRAM (SINGLE ALT.)
90 
						

							WIRING DIAGRAM (SINGLE ALT.)
91 
						

							WIRING DIAGRAM (DUAL ALT.)
92 
						

							WIRING DIAGRAM (DUAL ALT.)
93 
						

							DIAGNOSTIC CODES
94
 * - MIL (Malfunction Indicator Light)  Illuminates ^ - Tow/Haul Light flashes [] - Assigned but not used
DTC Condition Description
Fault Trigger/CommentsProbable Causes
P0046 C* O R Turbo Boost Control Solenoid Circuit 
Range/PerformanceInternal to PCM. VGT Actuator Circuit check.  Diagnostic circuit associated with 1 Amp driver checks for open circuit, 
short to ground, and short to power.
P0069 C* MAP/BARO Correlation 30 kPa (4.4 PSI)/Compares BP and MAP at idle. VGT, BP, MAP, EGR - System Fault, Biased Sensor, Circuit Integrity.
P0096 C* Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit 
Range/Performance5 deg. C (41 deg F)/Checks for Minimum Change in IAT2 IAT 2 Biased Sensor, System Fault, PCM.
P0097 C* O R Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Low Input EGR disabled, less than 0.15v MAT signal circuit, shorted to ground or defective sensor.
P0098 C* O R Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit High Input EGR disabled, greater than 4.8v MAT signal circuit, open, short to power or defective sensor.
P0101 C* Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Range/Performance Indicates an MAF range/performance problem was detected 
during normal driving conditions when MAF is enabled. 4.0 
Volts when RPM is less than 1500,  4.9 volts when RPM is 
greater than 1500 rpm.Damaged MAF sensor-plugged or restricted sensor supply tube-MAF, 
PCM.
P0102 C* R Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Low Input Indicates MAF sensor circuit low input was detected during 
KOEO Self Test or during continuous diagnostic monitoring. 
MAF voltage less than 0.35 volts.Open MAF sensor circuit-biased sensor, PCM-short to SIGN RTN or 
PWR GND on MAF sensor circuit-open in VREF circuit.
P0103 C* O R Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit High Input Indicates MAF sensor circuit high input detected during 
KOEO On-Demand Self Test or during continuous diagnostic monitoring. MAF voltage is greaterh than 4.95 volts.Biased sensor, PCM-MAF circuit shorted to VREF.
P0107 C* O Manifold Absolute Pressure/BARO Sensor Low Input Checks BP for a signal lower than a specified barometric 
pressure expected for normal operations when BP is less 
than 0.04 volts. Default 101 kpa (14.6 PSI).Circuit is open, shorted to ground.
P0108 C* O Manifold Absolute Pressure/BARO Sensor High Input  Checks BP for a signal greater than a specified barometric 
pressure expected for normal operations when BP is greater 
than 4.9 volts.  Default 101 kpa (14.6 PSI).Circuit is shorted to power.
P0112 C* O R Intake Air Temperature Circuit Low Input Checks sensor output for a value higher than a maximum 
probable temperature when IAT voltage is less than 0.15 
volts. Default 77oF/25oC.
Short to ground.
P0113 C* O R Intake Air Temperature Circuit High Input Checks sensor output for a value lower than a minimum 
probable temperature when IAT voltage is greater than 4.9 
volts. Default 77oF/25oC.
Open circuit, short to power.
P0117 C* O R Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Low Input Checks ECT for a temperature higher than a specified oil 
temperature expected for normal operation when ECT 
voltage is greater than 0.15 volts. Default 180oF/82oC - no Short to ground on the circurt.
P0118 C* O R Engine Coolant Temperature High Input Checks ECT for a temperature lower than a specified oil 
temperature expected for normal operation when ECT 
voltage is greater than 4.78 volts. Default 180oF/82oC - no 
fast idle.Open in circuit, short to power.
P0148 C Fueling Error  Engine RPM has exceeded requested RPM. Alternative fuel source, Interferance on CKP & CMP, Faulty PCM.
P0196 R Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Circuit 
Range/PerformanceChecks for an EOT temperature signal which is unable to 
reach the EOT cold minimum limit within a specified amount 
of time. Function of initial EOT. (in-range fault based off of a 
change in EOT and MFDES)Faulty, Biased sensor, circuit fault, PCM.
P0197 C* O R Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Input Checks EOT for a temperature higher than a specified oil 
temperature expected for normal operations WHEN eot 
VOLTAGE IS LESS THAN 0.15 VOLTS. Default 
212oF/100oC - no fast idle.
Shorted to ground on the circuit.
P0198 C* O R Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Circuit High Input Checks EOT for a temperature lower than a specified oil 
temperature expected for normal operations when EOT 
voltage is greater than 4.76 volts. Default 212
oF/100oC - no fast idle.
Open in circuit, short to power. 
P0219 C Engine Overspeed Condition PCMrecorded excessive engine speed greater than 4300 
rpm for more than 5 seconds. Improper downshift, Interferance on CKP & CMP, Faulty PCM
P0230 C O R Fuel Pump Primary Circuit Fuel Pump Relay driver failure. Open control circuit, failed fuel pump relay or PCM.
P0231 C O R Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Low No voltage present at the Fuel Pump monitor circuit when it 
has been commanded "on" for more than 1 second.Indicates open, short circuit, relay, inertia switch or fuel pump.
P0232 C O R Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit High Voltage present at the Fuel Pump monitor circuit when it has 
NOT been commanded "on" for more than 1 second. Indicates short to power,sticking relay.
P0236 C* O Turbo/Super Charger Boost Sensor A Circuit 
Range/PerformanceDefault inferred MAP - low power, slow acceleration, greater 
than 120kpa(2.7 PSI) at low idle.MAP sensor plugged, defective sensor.
P0237 C* O R Turbo/Super Charger Boost Sensor A Circuit Low Default inferred MAP - low power, slow acceleration, MAP 
voltage is less than  0.039 volts.MAP circuit short to ground or open, defective sensor.
P0238 C* O R Turbo/Super Charger Boost Sensor A Circuit High Default inferred MAP - low power, slow acceleration, MAP 
voltage is greater than 4.91 volts.MAP circuit short to Vref or Vbat, defective sensor.
P0261 C* O R Cylinder #1 Injector Circuit Low FICM detected a short in an injector circuit to ground. Injector circuit short to ground, defective coil.
P0262 C O R Cylinder #1 Injector Circuit High FICM detected an open injector circuit. Injector circuit open, defective coil.
P0264 C* O R Cylinder #2 Injector Circuit Low FICM detected a short in an injector circuit to ground. Injector circuit short to ground, defective coil.
P0265 C O R Cylinder #2 Injector Circuit High FICM detected an open injector circuit. Injector circuit open, defective coil.
P0267 C* O R Cylinder #3 Injector Circuit Low FICM detected a short in an injector circuit to ground. Injector circuit short to ground, defective coil.
P0268 C O R Cylinder #3 Injector Circuit High FICM detected an open injector circuit. Injector circuit open, defective coil.
P0270 C* O R Cylinder #4 Injector Circuit Low FICM detected a short in an injector circuit to ground. Injector circuit short to ground, defective coil.
P0271 C O R Cylinder #4 Injector Circuit High FICM detected an open injector circuit. Injector circuit open, defective coil.
P0273 C* O R Cylinder #5 Injector Circuit Low FICM detected a short in an injector circuit to ground. Injector circuit short to ground, defective coil.
P0274 C O R Cylinder #5 Injector Circuit High FICM detected an open injector circuit. Injector circuit open, defective coil.
P0276 C* O R Cylinder #6 Injector Circuit Low FICM detected a short in an injector circuit to ground. Injector circuit short to ground, defective coil.
P0277 C O R Cylinder #6 Injector Circuit High FICM detected an open injector circuit. Injector circuit open, defective coil.
P0279 C* O R Cylinder #7 Injector Circuit Low FICM detected a short in an injector circuit to ground. Injector circuit short to ground, defective coil.
P0280CORCylinder #7 Injector Circuit HighFICM detected an open injector circuit.Injector circuit open, defective coil.
C - Continuous Operation
O - Self Test - Key On Engine Off(KOEO)
R - Self Test - Key On Engine Running(KOER)
How SET 
						

							DIAGNOSTIC CODES
95
P0341 C* R Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit 
Range/Performance (Bank 1 or single sensor)CMP signal intermittent.                  Poor connection, defective sensor, electrical noise.
P0381 C* O Glow Plug/Heater Indicator Circuit Indicator Circuit Check - Instrument cluster driver checks for 
open circuit, or short circuit when lamp turns on and off. Open/Short circuit, lamp, fuse, PCM.
P0401 C* Exhaust Gas Recirculation Flow Insufficient Detected EGR Valve Position does not match desired, limits based on 
engine speed / load.EGR Valve stuck or sticking - EGR Valve Position Sensor Bias - EP 
Sensor bias.
P0402 C* Exhaust Gas Recirculation Flow Excessive Detected EGR Valve Position does not match desired, limits based on 
engine speed / load.EGR Valve stuck or sticking - EGR Valve Position Sensor Bias - EP 
Sensor bias.
P0403 C* O R Exhaust Gas Recirculation Control Circuit EGR actuator circuit check. Diagnostic circuit associated 
with 1 Amp driver Internal to PCM.Open circuit, short to ground, and short to power.
P0404 C* Exhaust Gas Recirculation Control Circuit 
Range/Performance +/- 0.10 EGRP error from commanded to actual EGRP 
during normal driving conditions.Faulty EGR sensor, valve or PCM integrity of EGR position circuit.
P0405 C* O R Exhaust Gas Recirculation Sensor A Circuit Low EGR is disabled when EGR voltage is less than 0.30 volts. EGRP circuit short to ground or open, defective sensor.
P0406 C* O R Exhaust Gas Recirculation Sensor A Circuit High EGR is disabled when EGR voltage is greater than 4.9 volts. EGRP circuit short to Vref or Vbat, defective sensor.
P0460 C O R Fuel Level Sensor Circuit Fuel Level Indicator (FLI) Circuit Check - Instrument cluster 
driver checks for open circuit, or short circuit. "REFER to the appropriate section in the Workshop Manual."
P0470 O Exhaust Pressure Sensor Maximum EP when the engine is not running 150 kpa (21.8 
PSI) absolute.Faulty EP Sensor, PCM.
P0471 C* Exhaust Pressure Sensor Range/Performance Minimum EP when the engine is running, Pressure 
difference of +/-10 kPa (1.5 PSI) from desired.Faulty EP Sensor, PCM or VGT.
P0472 C* O R Exhaust Pressure Sensor Low Input EGR disabled, default inferred for VGT operation when EGR 
voltage is less than 0.03 volts.EP circuit is short to ground or open, defective sensor.
P0473 C* O R Exhaust Pressure Sensor High Input EGR disabled, default inferred for VGT operation when EGR 
voltage is greater than 4.8 volts.EP circuit is short to Vref or Vbat, defective sensor.
P0478 C* Exhaust Pressure Control Valve High Input EP is higher than EP desired by 260 kpa (37.7 PSI) for 
greater than 30 seconds.Faulty EP sensor, VGT control valve slow to respond, Stuck VGT 
valve, faulty PCM.
P0480 C R Fan 1 Control Circuit
P0500 C Vehicle Speed Sensor A Vehicle speed sensor malfunction. Sensor, circuit, PSM, PSOM, low transmission fluid.
P0562 C* O R System Voltage Low PCM voltage less than 7v - cause of no start/misfire. Low Vbat, loose connections/resistance in circuit, Vref engine 
concerns.
P0563 C O R System Voltage High PCM voltage continuously more than 23.3v. Charging system fault.
P0565 C O R Cruise Control ON Signal  KOER switch test(code set if cruise not present).P0566 C O R Cruise Control OFF Signal KOER switch test(code set if cruise not present).P0567 O Cruise Control RESUME Signal KOER switch test(code set if cruise not present).
P0568 O Cruise Control SET Signal KOER switch test(code set if cruise not present).
P0569 O Cruise Control COAST Signal KOER switch test(code set if cruise not present).P0571 O Brake Switch A Circuit Brake switch A circuit malfunction Cruise control code will be set on every switch test on vevicles not
equipped with cruise control
P0602 C O R Powertrain Control Module Programming Error
P0603 C
Powertrain Control Module Keep Alive Memory (KAM) ErrorNo historical faults output during self test. Disconnected/Discharged Battery, Open PCM pin,  faulty PCM.
P0605 O Powertrain Control Module Read Only Memory 
(ROM) ErrorPCM failure  Defective PCM.
P0615 C O R Starter Relay Circuit
P0620 C O R Generator 1 Control Circuit
P0623 C O R Generator Lamp Control Circuit
P0645 C O R A/C Clutch Relay Control Circuit
P0649 C O R Cruise Control Lamp Control Circuit
P0670 C* O R Glow Plug Module Control Circuit Glow plug control module control line failure Open/grounded circuit, open/shorted GPCM, failed PCM
P0671 C* O R Cylinder 1 Glow Plug Circuit Glow plug #1 failure Open/shorted circuit, faulty glow plug, failed GPCM
P0672 C* O R Cylinder 2 Glow Plug Circuit Glow plug #2 failure Open/shorted circuit, faulty glow plug, failed GPCM
P0673 C* O R Cylinder 3 Glow Plug Circuit Glow plug #3 failure Open/shorted circuit, faulty glow plug, failed GPCM
P0674 C* O R Cylinder 4 Glow Plug Circuit Glow plug #4 failure Open/shorted circuit, faulty glow plug, failed GPCM
P0675 C* O R Cylinder 5 Glow Plug Circuit Glow plug #5 failure Open/shorted circuit, faulty glow plug, failed GPCM
P0676 C* O R Cylinder 6 Glow Plug Circuit Glow plug #6 failure Open/shorted circuit, faulty glow plug, failed GPCM
P0677 C* O R Cylinder 7 Glow Plug Circuit Glow plug #7 failure Open/shorted circuit, faulty glow plug, failed GPCM
P0678 C* O R Cylinder 8 Glow Plug Circuit Glow plug #8 failure Open/shorted circuit, faulty glow plug, failed GPCM
P0683 C* O R Glow Plug Control Module to PCM Communication 
CircuitGPCM glow plug control module communication line failure Open/shorted circuit, failed GPCM, failed PCM
P0684 C* O R Glow Plug Control Module to PCM Communication 
Circuit Range/PerformanceNosie was detected in the GPCM communication line Noise in GPD line
P0700 C O R Transmission Control System (MIL Request)
P0703 R Brake Switch B Input Circuit KOER switch test. Open/short circuit, switch, PCM, failed to activate during KOER switc
test.
P0704 C R Clutch Switch Input Circuit KOER switch test. Open/short circuit, switch, PCM, failed to activate during KOER switc
test.
P1000 C O R OBD Systems Readiness Test Not Complete Drive cycle is not complete.
P1001 R KOER not able to complete, KOER aborted Conditions not met. A/C, Parking Brake, Clutch, PRNDL, (EOT, ETC.)
P1139 C O R Water in Fuel Indicator Circuit Indicates falt in circuit. Faulty sensor, Open or Short in circuit.
P1148 C* O R Generator 2 Control Circuit
P1149 C O R Generator 2 Control Circuit High
P1184 R Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Out Of Self Test 
RangeEngine not warm enough to run KOEO CCT - aborts test. Engine not warm enough, leaking themostat, circuit failure.
P1260 C Theft Detected, Vehicle Immobilized
P1284 R Aborted KOER - Injector Control Pressure Regulator ICP failure--Aborts KOER CCT test See codes P2284, P2285, P2286, P2288, P2623
P1378 C O R FICM Supply Voltage Circuit Low IDM detects logic power low, less than  7 volts. Low batteries, loose connections/resistance in circuit, defective relay
P1379 C O R FICM Supply Voltage Circuit High IDM detects excessive voltage, greater than 16 volts. Charging system fault.
P1397 R System Voltage Out Of Self Test RangeVoltage too high or low for glow plug monitor test
P1408RExhaust Gas Recirculation Flow Out Of Self TestEGRC output circuit check-engine off test onlyEGR Control circuit open, short to Vref, Vbat, ground, defective coil.
Open or short circuit, switch failure, PCM failure or failed to activate 
switch during KOER switch test. (code will set if cruise is not present 
						

							DIAGNOSTIC CODES
96
P1703 O R Brake Switch Out Of Self Test Range
P1705 O R Transmission Range Circuit Not Indicating 
Park/Neutral During Self TestNot in park during KOEO or KOER. Operator error, circuit failure, faulty sensor, PCM.
P1725 R Insufficent engine speed increase during self test.
P1726 R Insufficent engine speed decrease during self test.
P2121 C O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit 
Range/Performance
P2122 C O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit Low 
Input
P2123 C O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit High 
Input
P2124 C O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit 
Intermittent
P2126 C O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit 
Range/Performance
P2127 C O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit Low 
Input
P2128 C O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit High 
Input
P2129 C O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit 
Intermittent
P2131 C O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit 
Range/Performance
P2132 C O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit Low 
Input
P2133 C O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit High 
Input
P2134 C O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit 
Intermittent
P2138 C* O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D / E Voltage 
CorrelationPedal Sensors will use SAE D,E,F  codes
P2139 C* O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D / F Voltage 
CorrelationPedal Sensors will use SAE D,E,F  codes
P2140 C* O R Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E / F Voltage 
CorrelationPedal Sensors will use SAE D,E,F  codes
P2199 C* Intake Air Temperature 1/2 Correlation Correlation between IAT1 and IAT2 are not at expected 
valuesOpen/shorted circuit, bias sensor, PCM
P2262 C Turbo/Super Charger Boost Pressure not Detected - 
MechanicalNo boost pressure increase was detected MAP hose, MAP sensor, CAC system leaks, Intake leaks, EP sensor, 
exhaust restriction
P2263 C Turbo/Super Charger System PerformanceMAP hose, MAP sensor, CAC system leaks, Intake leaks, EP sensor, 
exhaust restriction, exhaust leaks
P2269 C O R Water in Fuel Condition Indicates water in fuel. Drain water in fuel seperator, defective WIF sensor, circuit integrity.
P2284 C R Injector Control Pressure Sensor Circuit 
Range/PerformanceDefault inferred ICP, ICP desired does not equal ICP signal, 
difference of 362psi/2.5mpa.See diagnostic manual - ICP system.
P2285 C O R Injector Control Pressure Sensor Circuit Low Default open loop control - underrun at idle, ICP is less than 
0.04 volts.ICP circuit short to ground or open, defective sensor.
P2286 C O R Injector Control Pressure Sensor Circuit High Default open loop control - underrun at idle, ICP is greater 
than 4.91 volts.ICP circuit short, Vref or Vbat, defective sensor.
P2288 C R Injector Control Pressure Too High Default inferred ICP is used, ICP is greater than 
3675psi/25mpa.See diagnostic manual - ICP system.
P2289 C O Injector Control Pressure Too High - Engine Off Default inferred ICP, KOEO ICP is greater than 
ICP signal ground, circuit open, defective sensor.
P2290 C O Injector Control Pressure Too Low Default inferred ICP is used, ICP is below desired pressure See diagnostic manual - ICP system.
P2291 C Injector Control Pressure Too Low - Engine Cranking No start ICP is less than 725psi/5mpa. See diagnostic manual - ICP system
P2552 C O R FICMM Circuit - Throttle/Fuel Inhibit Circuit No signal from the FICM Monitor circuit  Circuit open/short, FICM, PCM
P2614 C O R Camshaft Position Output Circuit CMPO signal intermittent Poor connection, electrical noise. In CMPO from PCM
P2617 C O R Crankshaft Position Output Circuit CKPO signal intermittent Poor connection, electrical noise. In CKPO from PCM
P2623 C O R Injector Control Pressure Regulator Circuit IPR circuit failure Open/grounded circuit, stuck IPR, loose connection 
						

							GLOSSARY
97
Actuator
A device which delivers motion in response to an electrical
signal.
Analog
A continuously variable voltage.
APS Accelerator Position Sensor
A potentiometer style sensor that indicates the operators
pedal position.
AWA Feature
A feature built into the high pressure oil rails used to dampen
noises that can be caused by the hydraulic system.
BARO Barometric Pressure Sensor
An analog device which indicates atmospheric pressure
which allows the PCM to compensate for altitude. A BARO
sensor has three connections, signal return(gnd), BARO 
signal, and Vref.
CAC Charge Air Cooling
A process of cooling the air coming out of the turbocharger
before it enters the engine.
Canister Style Oil Filter
An oil filter that requires only the element be replaced and not
the housing.
CAN
A communication protocol for data transfer between the con-
trol modules.
CKP Crankshaft Position Sensor
A magnetic pickup sensor that creates a sine wave voltage
when the timing wheel on the crankshaft breaks its magnetic
field. The CKP determines crankshaft position and speed.
Closed Crankcase Breather
A ventilation system that recirculates crankcase vapors into
the intake air system.
CMP Camshaft Position Sensor
A magnetic pickup sensor that creates a sine wave voltage
when a peg on the camshaft breaks its magnetic field. The
CMP determines which cycle the piston is in (compression or
exhaust).
Combination Fuel Pump/Power Steering
Pump
A fuel pump and power steering pump that are made into one
unit and driven off of the rear gear train.
Digital Fuel Injection
A fuel injection system that uses both an open and close 
signal to control fuel injectors.
Dual Timing System
A timing System that uses both a CKP and CMP sensors to
determine engine speed and rotational position.
DVOM Digital Volt Ohm Meter
A meter that uses a digital display to indicate a measured
value. Preferred for use on microprocessor systems because
a DVOM has a very high internal impedance and will not load
down the circuit being measured.
PCM Powertrain Control Module
The housing which contains the micro computer, Vref 
regulator, input conditioners and output drivers.
ECT Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
A thermistor style sensor used to indicate engine coolant
temperature.
EGR Cooler
A device used to cool exhaust gases before they are returned
to the intake air system.
EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve
A valve used to control the flow of exhaust gases into the
intake manifold.
EGRP Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve
Position Sensor
A potentiometer style sensor that indicates the amount of
movement of the EGR valve.
EOP Engine Oil Pressure Sensor
A variable capacitance style sensor used to indicate engine
oil pressure.
EOT Engine Oil Temperature
A thermistor type sensor which indicates engine temperature.
EVRT Control Valve
See VGTCV Variable Geometry Turbocharger Control Valve.
EVRT
See VGT Variable Geometry Turbocharger.
FICM Fuel Injection Control Module
An electronic unit which has the primary function of an 
electronic distributor for the injectors. It also is the power 
supply for the injectors. 
						

							Glow Plug Sleeves
Stainless steel sleeves used to protect the glow plugs from
coolant.
GPCM Glow Plug Control Module
Module which supplies power to the glow plugs and identifies
variation in current flow to the glow plugs.
IAT Intake Air Temperature Sensor
A thermistor style sensor used to indicate air temperature
before the charge air cooler.
ICP Injection Control Pressure
A variable capacitance style sensor used to indicate high
pressure oil system pressure.
IAT2 Intake Air Temperature 2 Sensor
A thermistor style sensor used to indicate air temperature
after passing through the charge air cooler.
IDM Injector Driver Module
An electronic unit which has the primary function of an 
electronic distributor for the injectors. It also is the power 
supply for the injectors. 
Impedance
A form of opposition to AC current flow measured in Ohms.
I/O Injector Test
A test that can be performed using the WDS to disable one
injector at a time while watching Mfdes to determine a weak
contributing injector.
IPR Injection Pressure Regulator
Controls injection oil pressure. An electrical signal to a 
solenoid creates a magnetic field which applies a variable
force on a poppet to control pressure. The quantity of fuel
delivered to the combustion chamber is proportional to injec-
tion control pressure.
IVS Idle Validation Switch
An on/off switch that indicates when the accelerator pedal is
in the idle position.
KOEO Key on Engine Off Test
A self-test operation that is performed with the ignition switch
in the ON position with the engine OFF.
KOER Key on Engine Running Test
A self-test operation that is performed with the ignition switch
in the ON position and the engine RUNNING.
Long Life Ethylene Glycol Coolant
A premium coolant, with an Ethylene Glycol base, that can be
used in a cooling system for an extended time without need-
ing to be changed. Long life coolants do not require the use
of extenders. Long life coolants can be identified by its yellow
color.
Main Power Relays
(Two) Battery power relay switches for the ECM and IDM
(modules) that are key power initiated and controlled by the
corresponding powered module.
MAP Manifold Absolute Pressure
A MAP sensor generates a digital frequency that indicates
manifold boost pressure above atmospheric pressure. The
signal is created by switching action caused by manifold
pressure of a diaphragm connected to a capacitor circuit in
the sensor. The digital frequency increases as pressure
increases. A MAP sensor has three connection: signal
return(gnd), MAP signal, and Vref.
Misfire Detection
Uses engine RPM changes during a firing cycle to determine
a low contributing cylinder.
Modular Water Pump
Is a water pump that uses the front cover as a housing and
only the hub and impeller are replaceable.
Normally Closed
Refers to a switch or a solenoid that is closed when no con-
trol or force is acting on it.
Normally Open
Refers to a switch or a solenoid that is open when no control
or force is acting on it.
POT Potentiometer
Converts a mechanical motion to a voltage value. Most often
used to sense the position of a component. This sensor
works as a variable voltage divider. The wiper arm is
mechanically connected to the component desired to be
sensed. Potentiometers have three connections: Vref, signal
out, and ground.
Pulse Width
The length of time an actuator, such as an injector, remains
energized.
Relative Compression Test
A test that can be run with the WDS to measure compression
of a cylinder relative to the other cylinders in the engine. This
test is accomplished by comparing the rpm of the engine 
during each compression stroke.
GLOSSARY
98 
						

							GLOSSARY
99
Rocker Arm Carrier
A housing that the rocker arms and their fulcrums are 
mounted to.
Thermistor
Sensor used to determine temperature. A thermistor changes
its resistance value in relation to temperature change.
Increasing temperature results in decreasing resistance,
decreasing temperature results in increasing resistance. The
thermistor in conjunction with a current limiting resistor in the
PCM forms a voltage divider that provides a voltage signal
indicating temperature. Since the top half of the voltage
divider is the current limiting resistor and is internal to the
PCM, a thermistor sensor only has two connections, signal
return and ground.
Variable Capacitance Sensor
A sensor that is used to determine pressure. A variable
capacitance sensor changes it capacitance value in relation
pressure change. Increasing pressure results in a lower
capacitance, thus increasing return voltage. Decreasing 
pressure results in a higher capacitance and a lower voltage.
Variable capacitance sensors are 3 wire sensors.
VBAT
Battery voltage.
VGT Variable Geometry Turbocharger
Could also be called EVRT. A turbocharger that has a turbine
housing that can change sizes through electronically con-
trolled hydraulics.
VGTCV Variable Geometry Turbocharger
Control Valve
Could also be called EVRTCV. Controls oil flow in and out of
the VGT actuator in order to change the effective size of its
turbine housing.
VPWR
Battery voltage.
VSS Vehicle Speed Sensor
Normally a magnetic pickup style sensor that is mounted on
the tailshaft of the transmission to indicate ground speed.