Cisco 2960 X Owners Manual

							CHAPTER 1
Using the Command-Line Interface
Thischaptercontainsthefollowingtopics:
•InformationAboutUsingtheCommand-LineInterface,page1
•HowtoUsetheCLItoConfigureFeatures,page5
Information About Using the Command-Line Interface
ThissectiondescribestheCiscoIOScommand-lineinterface(CLI)andhowtouseittoconfigureyourswitch.
Command Modes
TheCiscoIOSuserinterfaceisdividedintomanydifferentmodes.Thecommandsavailabletoyoudepend
onwhichmodeyouarecurrentlyin.Enteraquestionmark(?)atthesystemprompttoobtainalistofcommands
availableforeachcommandmode.
YoucanstartaCLIsessionthroughaconsoleconnection,throughTelnet,aSSH,orbyusingthebrowser.
Whenyoustartasession,youbegininusermode,oftencalleduserEXECmode.Onlyalimitedsubsetof
thecommandsareavailableinuserEXECmode.Forexample,mostoftheuserEXECcommandsareone-time
commands,suchasshowcommands,whichshowthecurrentconfigurationstatus,andclearcommands,
whichclearcountersorinterfaces.TheuserEXECcommandsarenotsavedwhentheswitchreboots.
Tohaveaccesstoallcommands,youmustenterprivilegedEXECmode.Normally,youmustenterapassword
toenterprivilegedEXECmode.Fromthismode,youcanenteranyprivilegedEXECcommandorenter
globalconfigurationmode.
Usingtheconfigurationmodes(global,interface,andline),youcanmakechangestotherunningconfiguration.
Ifyousavetheconfiguration,thesecommandsarestoredandusedwhentheswitchreboots.Toaccessthe
variousconfigurationmodes,youmuststartatglobalconfigurationmode.Fromglobalconfigurationmode,
youcanenterinterfaceconfigurationmodeandlineconfigurationmode.
Thistabledescribesthemaincommandmodes,howtoaccesseachone,thepromptyouseeinthatmode,and
howtoexitthemode.
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							Table 1: Command Mode Summary
About This ModeExit MethodPromptAccess MethodMode
Usethismodeto
•Change
terminal
settings.
•Performbasic
tests.
•Display
system
information.
Enterlogoutor
quit.Switch>Beginasession
usingTelnet,SSH,
orconsole.
UserEXEC
Usethismodeto
verifycommands
thatyouhave
entered.Usea
passwordtoprotect
accesstothismode.
Enterdisableto
exit.Switch#WhileinuserEXEC
mode,enterthe
enablecommand.
PrivilegedEXEC
Usethismodeto
configure
parametersthat
applytotheentire
switch.
Toexittoprivileged
EXECmode,enter
exitorend,orpress
Ctrl-Z.
Switch(config)#Whileinprivileged
EXECmode,enter
theconfigure
command.
Global
configuration
Usethismodeto
configureVLAN
parameters.When
VTPmodeis
transparent,youcan
create
extended-range
VLANs(VLANIDs
greaterthan1005)
andsave
configurationsinthe
switchstartup
configurationfile.
Toexittoglobal
configurationmode,
entertheexit
command.
Toreturnto
privilegedEXEC
mode,pressCtrl-Z
orenterend.
Switch(config-vlan)#Whileinglobal
configurationmode,
enterthevlan
vlan-idcommand.
VLAN
configuration
Usethismodeto
configure
parametersforthe
Ethernetports.
Toexittoglobal
configurationmode,
enterexit.
Toreturnto
privilegedEXEC
mode,pressCtrl-Z
orenterend.
Switch(config-if)#Whileinglobal
configurationmode,
entertheinterface
command(witha
specificinterface).
Interface
configuration
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Command Modes 
						

							About This ModeExit MethodPromptAccess MethodMode
LineconfigurationUsethismodeto
configure
parametersforthe
terminalline.
Toexittoglobal
configurationmode,
enterexit.
Toreturnto
privilegedEXEC
mode,pressCtrl-Z
orenterend.
Switch(config-line)#Whileinglobal
configurationmode,
specifyalinewith
thelinevtyorline
consolecommand.
Using the Help System
Youcanenteraquestionmark(?)atthesystemprompttodisplayalistofcommandsavailableforeach
commandmode.Youcanalsoobtainalistofassociatedkeywordsandargumentsforanycommand.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.help
2.abbreviated-command-entry?
3.abbreviated-command-entry
4.?
5.command?
6.commandkeyword?
DETAILED STEPS
PurposeCommand or Action
Obtainsabriefdescriptionofthehelpsysteminany
commandmode.
help
Example:Switch#help
Step 1
Obtainsalistofcommandsthatbeginwithaparticular
characterstring.
abbreviated-command-entry?
Example:Switch#di?dirdisabledisconnect
Step 2
Completesapartialcommandname.abbreviated-command-entry
Example:Switch#shconfSwitch#showconfiguration
Step 3
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Using the Help System 
						

							PurposeCommand or Action
Listsallcommandsavailableforaparticularcommand
mode.
?
Example:Switch>?
Step 4
Liststheassociatedkeywordsforacommand.command?
Example:Switch>show?
Step 5
Liststheassociatedargumentsforakeyword.commandkeyword?
Example:Switch(config)#cdpholdtime?Lengthoftime(insec)thatreceiver
Step 6
mustkeepthispacket
Understanding Abbreviated Commands
Youneedtoenteronlyenoughcharactersfortheswitchtorecognizethecommandasunique.
ThisexampleshowshowtoentertheshowconfigurationprivilegedEXECcommandinanabbreviatedform:
Switch#showconf
No and default Forms of Commands
Almosteveryconfigurationcommandalsohasanoform.Ingeneral,usethenoformtodisableafeatureor
functionorreversetheactionofacommand.Forexample,thenoshutdowninterfaceconfigurationcommand
reversestheshutdownofaninterface.Usethecommandwithoutthekeywordnotoreenableadisabledfeature
ortoenableafeaturethatisdisabledbydefault.
Configurationcommandscanalsohaveadefaultform.Thedefaultformofacommandreturnsthecommand
settingtoitsdefault.Mostcommandsaredisabledbydefault,sothedefaultformisthesameasthenoform.
However,somecommandsareenabledbydefaultandhavevariablessettocertaindefaultvalues.Inthese
cases,thedefaultcommandenablesthecommandandsetsvariablestotheirdefaultvalues.
CLI Error Messages
ThistablelistssomeerrormessagesthatyoumightencounterwhileusingtheCLItoconfigureyourswitch.
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Understanding Abbreviated Commands 
						

							Table 2: Common CLI Error Messages
How to Get HelpMeaningError Message
Reenterthecommandfollowedby
aquestionmark(?)withaspace
betweenthecommandandthe
questionmark.
Thepossiblekeywordsthatyoucan
enterwiththecommandappear.
Youdidnotenterenough
charactersforyourswitchto
recognizethecommand.
%Ambiguouscommand:"showcon"
Reenterthecommandfollowedby
aquestionmark(?)withaspace
betweenthecommandandthe
questionmark.
Thepossiblekeywordsthatyoucan
enterwiththecommandappear.
Youdidnotenterallthekeywords
orvaluesrequiredbythis
command.
%Incompletecommand.
Enteraquestionmark(?)todisplay
allthecommandsthatareavailable
inthiscommandmode.
Thepossiblekeywordsthatyoucan
enterwiththecommandappear.
Youenteredthecommand
incorrectly.Thecaret(^)marksthe
pointoftheerror.
%Invalidinputdetectedat‘^’marker.
Configuration Logging
Youcanlogandviewchangestotheswitchconfiguration.YoucanusetheConfigurationChangeLogging
andNotificationfeaturetotrackchangesonaper-sessionandper-userbasis.Theloggertrackseach
configurationcommandthatisapplied,theuserwhoenteredthecommand,thetimethatthecommandwas
entered,andtheparserreturncodeforthecommand.Thisfeatureincludesamechanismforasynchronous
notificationtoregisteredapplicationswhenevertheconfigurationchanges.Youcanchoosetohavethe
notificationssenttothesyslog.
OnlyCLIorHTTPchangesarelogged.Note
How to Use the CLI to Configure Features
Configuring the Command History
Thesoftwareprovidesahistoryorrecordofcommandsthatyouhaveentered.Thecommandhistoryfeature
isparticularlyusefulforrecallinglongorcomplexcommandsorentries,includingaccesslists.Youcan
customizethisfeaturetosuityourneeds.
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Configuration Logging 
						

							Changing the Command History Buffer Size
Bydefault,theswitchrecordstencommandlinesinitshistorybuffer.Youcanalterthisnumberforacurrent
terminalsessionorforallsessionsonaparticularline.Thisprocedureisoptional.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.terminalhistory[sizenumber-of-lines]
DETAILED STEPS
PurposeCommand or Action
Changesthenumberofcommandlinesthattheswitchrecordsduring
thecurrentterminalsessionintheprivilegedEXECmode.Youcan
configurethesizefrom0through256.
terminalhistory[sizenumber-of-lines]
Example:Switch#terminalhistorysize200
Step 1
Recalling Commands
Torecallcommandsfromthehistorybuffer,performoneoftheactionslistedinthistable.Theseactionsare
optional.
ThearrowkeysfunctiononlyonANSI-compatibleterminalssuchasVT100s.Note
SUMMARY STEPS
1.Ctrl-Porusetheuparrowkey
2.Ctrl-Norusethedownarrowkey
3.showhistory
DETAILED STEPS
PurposeCommand or Action
Recallscommandsinthehistorybuffer,beginningwiththemostrecentcommand.
Repeatthekeysequencetorecallsuccessivelyoldercommands.
Ctrl-PorusetheuparrowkeyStep 1
Returnstomorerecentcommandsinthehistorybufferafterrecallingcommands
withCtrl-Portheuparrowkey.Repeatthekeysequencetorecallsuccessively
morerecentcommands.
Ctrl-NorusethedownarrowkeyStep 2
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Configuring the Command History 
						

							PurposeCommand or Action
ListsthelastseveralcommandsthatyoujustenteredinprivilegedEXECmode.
Thenumberofcommandsthatappeariscontrolledbythesettingoftheterminal
showhistory
Example:Switch#showhistory
Step 3
historyglobalconfigurationcommandandthehistorylineconfiguration
command.
Disabling the Command History Feature
Thecommandhistoryfeatureisautomaticallyenabled.Youcandisableitforthecurrentterminalsessionor
forthecommandline.Thisprocedureisoptional.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.terminalnohistory
DETAILED STEPS
PurposeCommand or Action
Disablesthefeatureduringthecurrentterminalsessioninthe
privilegedEXECmode.
terminalnohistory
Example:Switch#terminalnohistory
Step 1
Enabling and Disabling Editing Features
Althoughenhancededitingmodeisautomaticallyenabled,youcandisableit,andreenableit.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.terminalediting
2.terminalnoediting
DETAILED STEPS
PurposeCommand or Action
Reenablestheenhancededitingmodeforthecurrentterminal
sessionintheprivilegedEXECmode.
terminalediting
Example:Switch#terminalediting
Step 1
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Enabling and Disabling Editing Features 
						

							PurposeCommand or Action
Disablestheenhancededitingmodeforthecurrentterminalsession
intheprivilegedEXECmode.
terminalnoediting
Example:Switch#terminalnoediting
Step 2
Editing Commands through Keystrokes
Thekeystrokeshelpyoutoeditthecommandlines.Thesekeystrokesareoptional.
ThearrowkeysfunctiononlyonANSI-compatibleterminalssuchasVT100s.Note
Table 3: Editing Commands
DescriptionEditingCommands
Movesthecursorbackonecharacter.Ctrl-Borusetheleftarrowkey
Movesthecursorforwardonecharacter.Ctrl-Forusetherightarrowkey
Movesthecursortothebeginningofthecommand
line.
Ctrl-A
Movesthecursortotheendofthecommandline.Ctrl-E
Movesthecursorbackoneword.EscB
Movesthecursorforwardoneword.EscF
Transposesthecharactertotheleftofthecursorwith
thecharacterlocatedatthecursor.
Ctrl-T
Erasesthecharactertotheleftofthecursor.DeleteorBackspacekey
Deletesthecharacteratthecursor.Ctrl-D
Deletesallcharactersfromthecursortotheendof
thecommandline.
Ctrl-K
Deletesallcharactersfromthecursortothebeginning
ofthecommandline.
Ctrl-UorCtrl-X
Deletesthewordtotheleftofthecursor.Ctrl-W
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Enabling and Disabling Editing Features 
						

							Deletesfromthecursortotheendoftheword.EscD
Capitalizesatthecursor.EscC
Changesthewordatthecursortolowercase.EscL
Capitalizeslettersfromthecursortotheendofthe
word.
EscU
Designatesaparticularkeystrokeasanexecutable
command,perhapsasashortcut.
Ctrl-VorEscQ
Scrollsdownalineorscreenondisplaysthatare
longerthantheterminalscreencandisplay.
TheMorepromptisusedforanyoutputthat
hasmorelinesthancanbedisplayedonthe
terminalscreen,includingshowcommand
output.YoucanusetheReturnandSpace
barkeystrokeswheneveryouseetheMore
prompt.
Note
Returnkey
Scrollsdownonescreen.Spacebar
Redisplaysthecurrentcommandlineiftheswitch
suddenlysendsamessagetoyourscreen.
Ctrl-LorCtrl-R
Editing Command Lines That Wrap
Youcanuseawraparoundfeatureforcommandsthatextendbeyondasinglelineonthescreen.Whenthe
cursorreachestherightmargin,thecommandlineshiftstenspacestotheleft.Youcannotseethefirstten
charactersoftheline,butyoucanscrollbackandcheckthesyntaxatthebeginningofthecommand.The
keystrokeactionsareoptional.
Toscrollbacktothebeginningofthecommandentry,pressCtrl-Bortheleftarrowkeyrepeatedly.Youcan
alsopressCtrl-Atoimmediatelymovetothebeginningoftheline.
ThearrowkeysfunctiononlyonANSI-compatibleterminalssuchasVT100s.Note
Thefollowingexampleshowshowtowrapacommandlinethatextendbeyondasinglelineonthescreen.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.access-list
2.Ctrl-A
3.Returnkey
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Enabling and Disabling Editing Features 
						

							DETAILED STEPS
PurposeCommand or Action
Displaystheglobalconfigurationcommandentrythatextendsbeyond
oneline.
access-list
Example:
Switch(config)#access-list101permittcp
Step 1
Whenthecursorfirstreachestheendoftheline,thelineisshiftedten
spacestotheleftandredisplayed.Thedollarsign($)showsthatthe
linehasbeenscrolledtotheleft.Eachtimethecursorreachestheend
oftheline,thelineisagainshiftedtenspacestotheleft.
10.15.22.25255.255.255.010.15.22.35Switch(config)#$101permittcp10.15.22.25255.255.255.010.15.22.35255.25Switch(config)#$ttcp10.15.22.25255.255.255.0131.108.1.20255.255.255.0eqSwitch(config)#$15.22.25255.255.255.010.15.22.35255.255.255.0eq45
Checksthecompletesyntax.Ctrl-AStep 2
Example:Switch(config)#access-list101permittcp10.15.22.25255.255.255.010.15.2$
Thedollarsign($)appearsattheendofthelinetoshowthattheline
hasbeenscrolledtotheright.
Executethecommands.ReturnkeyStep 3
Thesoftwareassumesthatyouhaveaterminalscreenthatis80columns
wide.Ifyouhaveadifferentwidth,usetheterminalwidthprivileged
EXECcommandtosetthewidthofyourterminal.
Uselinewrappingwiththecommandhistoryfeaturetorecalland
modifypreviouscomplexcommandentries.
Searching and Filtering Output of show and more Commands
Youcansearchandfiltertheoutputforshowandmorecommands.Thisisusefulwhenyouneedtosort
throughlargeamountsofoutputorifyouwanttoexcludeoutputthatyoudonotneedtosee.Usingthese
commandsisoptional.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.{show|more}command|{begin|include|exclude}regular-expression
DETAILED STEPS
PurposeCommand or Action
Searchesandfilterstheoutput.{show|more}command|{begin|include|exclude}
regular-expression
Step 1
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Searching and Filtering Output of show and more Commands