American Audio CDMP3 Player CDI 500 User Manual

							
 BASIC OPERATIONS (CONT.)
Figure 24
Figure 23
Figure 25
6)  Your sample can now be recalled at any time even
  when the unit is in PAUSE MODE. To recall the    
  sa
mple be  sure the sample function is on, by press- 
  ing the
  SAMPLE BUTTON (18). The yellow sample
  button LED will
  turn on. To play your sample in a 
  continuos loop leave  the sample function on. To  
   play your sample just once, turn the sample func- 
  tion off immediately after initiating your sample. 
  With the sample function on the sample will con- 
   tinue to play until the sample function is
  turned off. 
7) Important Notice: If you try to activate your sample without turning the 
sample function on, the
 BANK BUTTON (12)  will act as a cue point!
Figure 26
©American Audio®   -   www.AmericanAudio.us   -   CDI-500 Mp3™ Instruction Manual Page 21
2)  Press  the  MEMORY  BUTTON  (16).  The 
MEMORY  BUTTON  (16)
  green  LED  will  glow 
indicating memory is ready to be stored.  3)  Select  one  of  the 
three
 BANK  BUTTONS 
(12) you  wish  to  store  your  loop  in  and  press 
that button. 
11. Using the Built In Sampler:
Your CDI-500 Mp3™ comes with an advanced built in sampler. You may store up to three samples in the three 
BANK    BUTTONS  (12). Once  again  please  note  you  may  only  store  either  a  CUE  POINT  or  a  SAMPLE  into  a 
BANK    BUTTON  (12),  not  both.  Your  sample  can  be  a  maximum  of  5.5  seconds  in  length.  A  sample  can  be 
recalled while a CD is playing, while the CD drive is in PAUSE MODE, you may even play a sample when the CD 
has been removed. You may play your sample at anytime without music interruption. If you play your sample 
when  the  unit  is  already  in  playback  mode  you  sample  will  over  lap  the  current  music  source.  You  can  also 
play your sample once or in a continuous loop. As with cue points you may store approximately 1500 (500 x 3) 
samples in a drives memory (depending on available memory). The
  MEMORY BUCKET on the LCD DISPLAY 
(30) will approximate the remaining memory.
To create a sample:
1)   Initialize a loop (see creating a seamless loop on page 18 and 19).  If your loop is longer than 5.5 sec-   
  onds it  can not be stored as a sample and will stored as a Cue Point.  
4)  The yellow MEMORY BUTTON (16)
 LED will turn off, when your sample is 
  locked  into memory.
5)  At this point your sample has been stored into memory. The original loop you
   used to create the sample will remain playing until the  OUT BUTTON (24) is 
  pressed (Figure 25).  
						

							
Changing the Sample Parameters: 
Changing  the  sample  parameters  allows  you  to  change  the  sample's  volume  (
SV) and  pitch  (SP). A 
higher value will increase the pitch percentage or volume. It's important to understand that the pitch 
value  is  basically  a  speed  adjustment  and  has  nothing  to  do  with  tonal  quality.  The  values  can  be 
either  a  momentary  change  or  set  adjustment.  The  sample  values  are  changed  in  three  easy  steps, 
while in sample playback mode:  
BASIC OPERATIONS (CONT.)
Figure 27
Figure 28
Figure 29
Changing the Sample Parameters - Speed
While a sample is playing push the PARAMETER TIME KNOB (29). One tap 
will display
 a percentage in the  LCD DISPLAY (30). Turning the knob in a 
clockwise direction will increase your pitch. Turning the knob in a counter-
clockwise direction will decrease the parameters value.
Changing the Sample Parameters - Hold Function
Hold  Function  -  This  mode  will  allow  you  to  save  and  lock  your  param-
eter  adjustments,  if  the  hold  function  is  not  activated  before  you  set  your 
parameters, your parameter adjustments will be momentary.  If you select 
the  HOLD  BUTTON  (19)  all  parameters  will  remain  until  changed  again  or 
power is shut off, unless they are stored in to the unit's memory.
Changing the Sample Parameters - Volume
While  a  sample  is  playing  push  the  PARAMETER/FOLDER  BUTTON  (so 
that  the  Parameter  LED  is  lit.  Now  push  the PARAMETER  RATIO  KNOB 
(25). One tap will display a percentage in the LCD DISPLAY (30). Turning 
the  knob  in  a  clockwise  direction  will  increase  the  volume.  Turning  the 
knob in a counter-clockwise direction will decrease the parameters value.
©American Audio®   -   www.AmericanAudio.us   -   CDI-500 Mp3™ Instruction Manual Page 22 
						

							
 BASIC OPERATIONS (CONT.)
Figure 30
©American Audio®   -   www.AmericanAudio.us   -   CDI-500 Mp3™ Instruction Manual Page 23
12.  BANK BUTTONS (12): 
These buttons are used to store your samples and cue points. Only a sample or 
a cue point can be stored into each of these four banks. When a sample is stored 
in of the banks you may use the sample starting point as a cue point. The 
BANK 
BUTTONS instantly  recall  and  play  any  of  your  stored  samples  or  cue  points 
without  interrupting  music  playback.  When  in  sample  mode,  (see  "Using  the 
Built-In  Sampler"  on  page  20)  and  during  playback,  pressing  any  of  the
 BANK 
BUTTONS  that stores a sample, will immediately begin to play that sample with-
out  interruption  of  music.  If  the  unit  is  in  sample  mode  and  the  drive  is  not  in 
playback mode, pressing any of the
  BANK BUTTONS  that stores a sample, will 
immediately begin to play that sample.
13.  BANK PROGRAM BUTTON (12): 
Once you store samples in the three (3) Bank Buttons, the CDI-500 Mp3 can be programmed to play the stored 
samples  in  a  desired  order.  You  can  program  the  three  (3)  banks  up  to  12  times.  The  programmed  s
amples 
can  be  played  in  your  desired  order  without  interrupting  music  playback.  The  programmed  samples  can  be 
played when the player is in Pause mode and even when the disc has been removed.  If the unit is in sample 
mode  and  the  drive  is  not  in  playback  mode,  pressing  any  of  the
  BANK  BUTTONS  that  stores  a  sample,  will 
immediately begin to play that sample.
To program samples:
1)    Once  you  have  one  or  more  samples  stored.  Press  the BANK 
PROGRAM BUTTON  (12). The CHARACTER  DISPLAY (48) will 
now display BANK P 1.  
2)   Program your Banks (Samples) in your desired or der. 
EXAMPLE: Bank 3; Bank 1; Bank 2; Bank 3; Bank 3;  Bank 1. To 
end programming, press the  BANK PROGRAM BUTTON (12)
.  
3)   To play your programmed samples, press the  SAMPLE BUTTON 
(18) then press the  BANK PROGRAM BUTTON (12).  
Figure 31
Figure 
32 
						

							
©American Audio®   -   www.AmericanAudio.us   -   CDI-500 Mp3™ Instruction Manual Page 24
 BASIC OPERATIONS (CONT.)
16.  RECALL FLASH MEMORY: 
The CDI-500 Mp3 can store all your programmed cue points and effect parameters in to memory. These set-
ting may be recalled at any time, even when a disc has been removed and loaded at a later time. To recall the 
memory on a specific disc; 1) Be sure a CD is not loaded in to the drive. 2) Press the  MEMORY BUTTON (16) 
down until the yellow memory LED begins to flash. 3) Insert the CD. "RECALL" will appear in the  LCD (30) while 
the memory is being installed and the yellow  MEMORY BUTTON (16) 
LED will turn off.
18. FIRMWARE VERSION DISPLAY: 
You  may  display  the  units  firmware  version.  Firmware  is  the  units  internal  programming  code.  To  view  the 
firmware version: While main power is turned off, turn the  SEARCH KNOB (28) in a clockwise direction. While 
the search knob is turned in a clockwise direction turn main power on. The firmware version will  appear in the 
LCD (30)  as long as the search wheel is held in the clockwise postion.  
17.  CLEAR ALL MEMORY: 
You  may  clear  the  system  memory  at  any  time.  This  will  erase  all  your  programmed  memory  and  restore  the 
unit to it's default settings. To clear the memory: While main power is turned off, turn the  SEARCH KNOB (28)
 
in  a  counter-clockwise  direction.  While  the  search  knob  is  turned  in  a  counter-clockwise  direction  turn  main 
power on. The  LCD (30) will flash three times and default memory will be restored. 
15. SYSTEM MEMORY: 
The CDI-500 Mp3 comes with an incredible memory system. The CDI-500 Mp3™ can memorize virtually every 
customized  setting  for  a  particular  CD.  The  unit  can  memorize  all  customized  effect  parameters,  cue  points, 
and samples used on a particular disc. To store all your setting for a CD, press and hold down the  MEMORY 
BUTTON (16) for at least three seconds. When the memory has been stored properly the yellow  MEMORY LED 
(16) will flash then turn off. The memory is full the outline of the  MEMORY BUCKET in the LCD (30) will disap-
pear.  TIME  BAR  INDICATOR  (46) 
-  Details  the  time  defined in  the  TIME  METER  (47) as  a  visual  bar  icon.  As  with 
the  TIME METER (47) this bar is also dependent on  the selected time function [TOTAL REMAIN (49), REMAIN 
(49) OR ELAPSED]
.  This bar will begin to flash when a track is ending regardless  of which time function you 
are in. Use the flashing bar as a visual reminder that a track is ending.
14.  CHANGING THE TIME DISPLAY (47)/TIME BAR (46):
DURING  NORMAL  PLAYBACK,  pressing  the  TIME  BUTTON  (5),  will  change  the 
time display information (47 & 46) in the LCD (30). The following is a break down 
of the time settings and their definitions:    
1) ELAPSED - This describes the time in the LCD (47) as the current    
TRACKS Elapsed running time.
2) REMAIN  (49) - This describes the time in the LCD (47) as the current TRACKS 
remaining running time.  
3)  TOTAL REMAIN (49) - This describes the time in the LCD (47) as the disc total 
remaining running time.   
Figure 33
SYSTEM MEMORY 
						

							
Figure 34
BOP  EFFECT: The  Bop  Effect  is  a  stutter  effect  that  is  similar  to  turntable 
scratching. You can use this effect to create tricks in your mixing. 
JOG  WHEEL  TOUCH  SENSITIVITY: This  function  works  with  the  SCRATCH  effects.  This  function  allows 
the play and cue commands to be controled by tapping on the touch sensitive jog wheel.
ADJUSTING  JOG  WHEEL  TOUCH  SENSITVITY: The  degree  of  sensitivity  can  be  adjusted  to  make  it 
more or less sensit
ive.  Press and hold the PITCH ON/OFF BUTTON (3), as your holding this button down turn 
the TIME or  RATIO KNOBS (29 & 25) clockwise. The  LCD (30) will display the degree of sensitivity. The range 
of sensitivity is from -20 to +20.
RESET JOG WHEEL TOUCH SENSITIVITY: If  the touch sensitivity does not seem to work, you can reset 
the  touch  sensitivity.  Make  sure  the  the  power 
is  "off"  on  the  unit,  and  press  and hold  the PITCH  ON/OFF 
BUTTON (3), as your holding this button down turn the power "on".  When you are doing this do not touch 
the  jog  wheel  at  all
! The  LCD  (30)  will  display  the  degree  of  sensitivity,  it  will  reset  the  value  automatically. 
Once it displays the s
ensitivity value you may release the PITCH ON/OFF BUTTON (3).
 TOUCH SENSITIVE JOG WHEEL/BOP EFFECT
©American Audio®   -   www.AmericanAudio.us   -   CDI-500 Mp3™ Instruction Manual Page 25
ACTIVATING TOUCH SENSITIVITY: Before you can use the  JOG WHEEL 
(13) to  control  the  play  and  cue  commands  you  must  first  activate  the  jog 
wheel touch sensitivity. To activate the touch sensitivity mode, be sure the 
FX  SELECT  LED  is  glowing  green.  Once  the  FX  SELECT  LED  is  glowing 
green,  press  and  hold  the  SCRATCH  BUTTON  (19)  until  it  begins  to    flash 
red repeatedly. This will activate touch sensitivity mode. 
IN  PLAYBACK  MODE:  While  in  play  mode  and  when  the  touch  sensitivity 
function is active, the  JOG WHEEL (13) can be used to return the unit to last 
cue point. Simply touch the  JOG WHEEL (13) and unit will immediately return 
to the last set cue point and playback without music interruption. Essentially 
the  JOG WHEEL (13) becomes a  BOP EFFECT.
IN CUE MODE
: While in cue mode and when the touch sensitivity function is 
active,  tapping  on  the  JOG  WHEEL  (13)  can  be  used  to  start  playback.  The 
unit will continue to playback until the  JOG WHEEL (13) is released. Once the 
JOG WHEEL (13)  is released the unit will return to the last cue point.
Figure 35
Figure 
36 
						

							
 PITCH ADJUSTMENTS
©American Audio®   -   www.AmericanAudio.us   -   CDI-500 Mp3™ Instruction Manual Page 26
1. PITCH SLIDER (7):
This  function  will  increase  or  decrease  the  tracks  playback  speed  or  "PITCH." 
The  maximum  pitch  percentage  manipulation  in  this  function  is  +/-100%.  The
 
PITCH  SLIDER 
is  used  to  decrease  or  increase  the  playback  pitch.  If  the  slider 
is moved up (towards the top of the unit) the pitch will decrease, if the slider is 
moved down (towards the bottom of the unit) the pitch will increase. The
 PITCH 
SLIDER  adjustment  can  be  changed  to  range  from  +/-4%,  +/-8%,  +/-16%,  or 
+/-100%  (See  changing  "PITCH  SLIDER  PERCENTAGE  RANGE"  on  the  next 
page).  The  pitch  adjustments  will  effect  normal  playback  and  loops  only  when 
the  PITCH  ON/OFF  BUTTON  (3) is  turned  on.  The  pitch  adjustments  will  not 
affect your samples.
Figure 37
Figure 39 Figure 38
Using the Pitch Slider (7): Be sure the pitch function has been activated as 
described above. To use the
  PITCH SLIDER (7) slide the slider up and down. 
Down will increase the pitch and up will decrease the pitch. 
 
Activating the Pitch Slider (7): To activate the  PITCH SLIDER (7)  you must 
turn on the pitch adjustment function. Press the
  ON/OFF BUTTON (3) located 
at  the  top  right  of  the  unit.  The  ON/OFF  BUTTON  (3) 
LED  will  glow  when  the 
function  is  activated.  If  the  pitch  function  is  not  activated  the
  PITCH  SLIDER 
(7) will not function.
PITCH ADJUSTMENTS:
The  different  pitch  adjustments  allow  a  track's  or  a  loop's  playback  speed  to  be  manipulated.  This  speed 
manipulation  is  commonly  used  to  beat  match  between  two  or  more  music  sources  such  as  a  turntable  or 
another CD player. The playback speed may be increased or decreased by a factor of +/-100. The next section 
details the different pitch manipulation schemes.
  
						

							
 PITCH ADJUSTMENTS
©American Audio®   -   www.AmericanAudio.us   -   CDI-500 Mp3™ Instruction Manual Page 27
2. PITCH BENDING: 
Unlike the
 PITCH SLIDER (7) adjustment this function will momentarily increase or decrease a tracks speed 
during  playback.  There  are  two  ways  to  operate  this  function,  with  the  (-)  &  (+)  PITCH  BUTTONS  (11)
  or  with 
the JOG WHEEL (13). The maximum pitch bend percentage allowed is +/- 100%. The pitch bend function will 
work in conjunction with the
  PITCH SLIDER'S (7) pitch setting. For example, if the PITCH SLIDER (7) is set to a 
2% pitch gain the pitch bending process will begin at 2% and wi
ll continue to the maximum of +/- 100%.
NOTE: A -100% pitch manipulation will stop playback entirely. 
Holding  down  or  tapping  on  the (+) 
PITCH  BEND  BUTTON
 (11)  will  pro-
vide  a  speed  bump  in  the  playback 
pitch. Holding  down  or  tapping  on  the
 
(-) 
PITCH BEND BUTTON
  (11)  will provide 
a slow down in the playback pitch.
PITCH BEND BUTTONS (11):
The  (+) PITCH BEND BUTTON (11)  will increase track playback speed and the (-) PITCH BEND BUTTON (11) 
will  decrease  track  playback  speed.  The  extent  to  which  the  speed  changes  is  proportionate  to  the  amount 
of  time  the  button  is  pressed.  For  example,  if  the  (+)  PITCH  BEND  BUTTON  (11)
  is  held  down  continuously 
as in figure 42, the disc speed will increase and will continue to increase until it reaches a maximum of 100% 
speed  gain.  When  you  release  the
  (+)  PITCH  BEND  BUTTON  (11) the  disc  speed  will  automatically  return  to 
it’s previous set speed.
Figure 40
Adjusting  the  PITCH  SLIDER'S  RANGE  (7): You  may  change  the 
PITCH  SLIDER'S  (7)  operating  range  at  any  time.  To  change  the  operat
-
ing  range  be  sure  the  pitch  function  is  turned  on,  see  figure  38.  The  pitch 
percentage  range  can  be  changed  between  +/-4%,  +/-8%,  +/-16%,  and 
+/- 100%. 4% will allow the least amount of pitch manipulation and 100% 
will  allow  the  most  amount  of  pitch  manipulation.  To  adjust  the  differ
-
ent  ranges,  press  the
  PITCH  ON/OFF  BUTTON  (3)  and  tap  on  the  PITCH 
RANGE BUTTON (1)  until your desired value is reached, see figure 40. 
Figure 42 Figure 41 
						

							
 PITCH ADJUSTMENTS
©American Audio®   -   www.AmericanAudio.us   -   CDI-500 Mp3™ Instruction Manual Page 28
Figure 43
3. JOG WHEEL (13):
The JOG WHEEL  will temporarily bend the pitch if a track is in playback mode 
Rotating  the  wheel  in  a  clockwise  direction  will  increase  your  track  pitch 
and  rotating  the  wheel  in  a  counter-clockwise  direction  will  decrease  your 
track  pitch.  The  speed  you  rotate  the
  JOG  WHEEL will  determine  pitch  bend 
percentage  (%).  For  example,  if  the
  JOG  WHEEL is  continuously  turned  in  a 
counter-clockwise direction the playback speed will steadily decrease and will 
continue to decrease until playback reaches a maximum of -100% and play
-
back  stops  entirely.  When  you  stop  turning  the
  JOG  WHEEL the  disc  speed 
will automati
cally return to it’s previous set speed.
NOTE:  To  use  the  JOG  WHEEL in  a  pitch  bend  function  when  the 
SCRATCH EFFECT (19) is activated you must use the outer ring of the jog 
wheel where the clear rubber insulator is attached. 
FINE TUNE BPM
This feature lets you fine tune and lock the BPM's of the current playing track. 
1. Press and hold the  TAP
 BUTTON (6) and then turn the            
     PARAMETER
 TIME KNOB (29) to Fine Tune the BPM 
    of the current track. Once you have fine tuned the BPM, 
    it will be locked and can only be changed by pressing        
    and holding the TAP BUTTON for 2 secs.
NOTE: If you leave the adjusted BPM count as is, it will 
carry over to the next song.
Figure 44 
						

							
 BUILT-IN EFFECTS
The CDI-500 Mp3™ comes with nine built in effects. These effects can be used one at a time or you 
may choose to overlap the effects and use up to four at a time. The Built-in effects include Scratch, 
Skid, Filter, Phase, Flanger, Echo, Robot, Pan, and Trans. It is important to understand that only one 
effect  per  an  effect  bank  can  be  turned  on  at  one  time,  but  all  four  effects  banks  can  be  used  at  a 
time. FOR EXAMPLE: the Flanger, Echo, and Robot are all stored in the same effects bank but only 
one  can  be  used  at  a  time.  You  can  choose  to  use  the  effects  with  their  default  parameters  or  you 
may  choose  to  customize  each  effect  by  changing  the  parameters.
  The  parameter  values  for  all  the 
effects  will  range.  Some  effects  will  have  more  adjustable  parameters  than  others.  The  parameters 
have  two  adjustable  values,  PR  (Parameter  Ratio)  and  PT  (Parameter  Time).
  All  parameters  will  be 
reset to there default values when power is shut off!
©American Audio®   -   www.AmericanAudio.us   -   CDI-500 Mp3™ Instruction Manual Page 29
SCRATCH/SKID  EFFECT:  The  Scratch  Effect  simulates  real  time  turn-
table  scratching.  The  Skid effect  simulates  the  sudden  platter  stop  of  a 
turntable, like pressing the stop button on a turntable. When the Scratch 
Effect  is  activated  the  SCRATCH  LED  will  flash  green.  Once  the  Scratch 
Effect has been activated the  JOG WHEEL (13) may be used in the same 
fashion  a  turntable  platter  is  used.  Use  the  JOG  WHEEL  (13) to  simulate 
the  scratch  motion  on  a  turntable  platter  and  to  manipulate  playback. 
When  the  skid  effect  is  activated  the  SKID  LED  will  flash  blue.  Both  the 
Skid  and  Scratch  time  parameters  can  be  adjusted  from  0010  to  9990. 
9990  will  give  you  the  longest  Skid  times.  The  Skid  value  ranges  from  a 
10ms to ten seconds. 
Figure 46
FX SELECT: The FX SELECT BUTTON (19) allows you to toggle back and 
forth between the two effects banks. When the 
FX  SELECT BUTTON (19) 
LED  is  glowing  green  you  have  access  to  the  top  bank  of  effects  which 
include;  scratch,  filter,  echo,  robot,  and  trans.  When  the 
FX  SELECT  (19) 
LED  is glowing blue you have access to the bottom bank of effects which 
include; skid, phase, flanger, and pan. To toggle to the next bank of effects 
press the 
FX  SELECT BUTTON (19) again so that the FX  SELECT (19) LED 
is glowing green
.
Figure 45
BEAT SELECTION BANKS
6 - Refreshes on 4/1 Beat (four times a beat) 5 - Refreshes on 2/1 Beat (twice a beat) 4 - Refreshes on 1/1 Beat (every full beat) 3 - Refreshes on 3/4 Beat 2 - Refreshes on the 1/2 Beat 1 - Refreshes on the 1/4 Beat
BEAT  SELECT  BUTTONS  (4): These  buttons 
access  the  preset  banks  for  the  parameters.  All 
effects synchronized to the beat. Each effect has 
a set of six built-in presets and one user program
-
mable preset. These presets are accessed by the 
BEAT  SELECT  BUTTONS  (4).  To  toggle  between 
the banks tap on the arrow buttons. The chart on 
the side defines the presets. 
						

							
©American Audio®   -   www.AmericanAudio.us   -   CDI-500 Mp3™ Instruction Manual Page 30
Figure 48
FLANGER/ECHO/ROBOT EFFECT: The Flanger effect distorts the output 
signal and creates an effect similar to the frequency phasing in and out of 
each other. The Echo effect adds an echo to your output signal. The Robot 
effect distorts the output to simulate a sci-fi robot voice. When the Flanger 
effect  is  selected  the  FLANGER  LED will  flash  blue,  when  the  Echo  or 
Robot effect is selected the ECHO LED (19)  will flash green. 
ROBOT  EFFECT:  The  Robot  effect  distorts  the  output  to  simulate  a  sci-
fi  robot  voice.  The  Robot  effect  is  activated  in  the  echo  parameters 
(see 
"Parameters"  in  the  next  section).  To  activate  the  Robot  effect  select  the 
echo  effect.  After  the  Echo  effect  is  activated  turn  the  HOLD  (19)  function 
on. Use the PARAMETER TIME KNOB (29) and set the (PT) value to 0010. 
After  "PT"  value  has  been  set,  use  the  PARAMETER  RATIO  KNOB  (25)  to 
create the effect by turning it back and forth.
FLANGER EFFECT:  The Flanger effect distorts the output signal and cre
-
ates an effect similar to frequencies phasing in and out of each other. 
The 
FLANGER  Effect has two adjustable parameters, Parameter Time (PT) and 
Parameter Ratio (PR). The PT will adjust the Flanger Mode and The PR will 
adjust  the  Flanger  Frequency  Range  (see  "Parameters"  in  the  next  sec
-
tion).
ECHO  EFFECT:  The  Echo  effect  adds  an  echo  to  your  output  signal. 
The 
Echo effect  has  two  adjustable  parameters,  Parameter  Time  (PT)  and 
Parameter  Ratio  (PR).  The  PR  will  adjust  the  length  of  the  Echo  (drop  off 
time), and the PT will adjust the echo gap length  (see "Parameters" in the 
next section).
  off time), and the PT will adjust the Echo gap length.
 BUILT-IN EFFECTS
FILTER/PHASE EFFECT: The Filter and Phase effects  tweak the original 
sound to add different tonal definition. When the Filter Effect is activated 
the  FILTER  LED  will  flash  green,  when  the  Phase  Effect  is  selected  the 
PHASE LED will flash blue. 
Figure 47