Home > 3M > Marking system > 3M Communications Facilities User Manual

3M Communications Facilities User Manual

    Download as PDF Print this page Share this page

    Have a look at the manual 3M Communications Facilities User Manual online for free. It’s possible to download the document as PDF or print. UserManuals.tech offer 307 3M manuals and user’s guides for free. Share the user manual or guide on Facebook, Twitter or Google+.

    							September 2010
    78-9000-0281-3-A
    Recommendations for  
    Marking Communication \facilities   
    with \bse of 3M
    ™ EMS Electronic Markers
    3
    Near-Surface Marker
    A small marker which is well-suited for \fore holes 
    in concrete or asphalt for marking \bush-mount 
    facilities prior to repaving.
    Ball Marker
    Ideal for most applications, with a 
    unique self-leveling feature. The core of 
    the marker \boats in a non-toxic, non-
    freezing liquid inside the \fall; so the 
    marker can \fe dropped in a trench, and 
    the self-leveling feature will assure a 
    correct orientation. 
    Mid-Range
    Designed for applications 
    where less depth is required 
    than with the Full-Range 
    Marker. Marker spokes help 
    sta\filize it in the correct 
    position after placement.\full-Range Marker
    Designed for deep underground applications. 
    Its large size makes it ideal for use as a digging 
    shield over sensitive underground facilities.     
    						
    							2 78-9000-0281-3-A
    The 3M™ electronic marker system helps make the job of 
    precisely locating underground facilities easier and faster. 
    The basic component of the system is a durable electronic 
    marker which is buried above key underground elements 
    during construction or maintenance. A stand-alone 3M
    ™ 
    Dynatel™ marker locator model 1420-iD, an integrated 
    3M™ Dynatel™ cable/marker locator 2500-iD series, or 
    an integrated 3M™ Dynatel™ 2200M-iD series provides 
    fast and accurate location of a marker many years after its 
    placement.
    Depending on the resonant frequency and the color, 
    electronic markers are used to mark a wide range of 
    underground facilities such as cable television networks, 
    telecommunication lines, power supply networks, water 
    supply pipelines, wastewater pipelines, oil and gas 
    pipelines, and so on.
    Two types of markers may be used for communications/
    CATV applications. The first type is the solid orange-
    colored marker that is used for general communications 
    applications. These are tuned to 101.4 kHz and are available 
    in five different form factors for varying applications:  Near Surface Marker, Ball Marker, Mid-Range Marker, 
    Full Range Marker and Disk Marker. The second type is 
    the orange/black-colored marker that is used specifically 
    for CATV applications and is tuned to 77.0 
    kHz. These are 
    only available in the Near Surface (iD version), Ball (iD 
    and Non-iD versions) and Disk (Non-iD version) markers. 
    Communication applications use solid orange-colored 
    markers exclusively. CATV can use both solid orange-
    colored and orange/black-colored marker types. If more 
    marker form factor types are needed than the Near Surface, 
    Ball or Disk marker types, it is recommended to use the 
    solid orange-colored marker that is available in all five 
    form  factors.
    The marker consists of a sealed shell containing a passive 
    antenna: a low-frequency resonance circuit tuned to a 
    certain frequency. The locator sends a signal to the marker, 
    energizing it. The signal is then reflected back to the 
    locator. Electronic markers are tolerant to congestion and 
    extremely reliable. Electronic markers are typically installed 
    during construction or repairs when the facility is visible to 
    the eye, making them one of the most trusted methods for 
    positive identification of buried facilities.
    Signal from locator
    Return signal from\C marker
    Ca\fle splice
    Marker
    Signal from locator energizes marker\b Marker reflects signal
    at selected frequen\Ccy\b
    Soil
    Soil
    1.0 
    Overview 
    						
    							3
    78-9000-0281-3-A
    2.0  General Recommendations 
    for Electronic Marker 
    Placement
    2.1  Recommended Placement
    • All ‘Items of Plant’ (facility items) that are assigned 
    unique reference numbers on facility maps and records. 
    • Handholes
    • Buried splices of all types
    • Repair points
    • Buried service drops: Service stubs
    • Slack loops
    • Depth changes
    • Laterals
    • Bends: changes of direction, arcs
    • Depth changes: lateral deflection
    • Fiber optic facilities with no metallic conductor
    • Conduit stubs • Encasement ends: conduit ends of horizontally directional 
    drilled facilities
    • Manhole covers
    • Water crossings
    • Major road crossings
    • Rail crossings
    • Utility crossings: locations where the cable crosses over or  under other utilities.
    • Non-metallic facilities
    • Other items of value or interest
    2.2  Additional Marker Placement Information
    Using the GPS interface on the 3M™ Dynatel™ Locator 
    model 1420 -iD, 2500 Series and 2200M-iD series also 
    helps provide positive verification of marker placement 
    during construction and direct data import capability to 
    leading industry standard GIS systems for electronic map 
    updating.
    Tee/Lateral
    4-Way Cross
    Servi\fe Drop
    Be\bds
    Be\bds
    Utility Crossi\bgs
    Road Crossi\bgs
    Water Crossi\bgs
    Rail Crossi\bgs Casi\bg E\bds
    Spli\fe
    Ar\f
    Pla\fe marker every 1 foot (300 mm) of defe\ftio\b
    Ball i\b ha\bdhole
    or disk atta\fhed to lid
    400
    (100 m) Max
    400
    (100 m) Max
    Path marki\bg appli\fatio\bs pla\fe markers adja\fe\bt to
    above grou\bd la\bdmarks su\fh as telepho\be poles
    - must mai\btai\b li\be-of-sight betwee\b poi\bts -
    Various Recommended Marker Locations 
    						
    							4 78-9000-0281-3-A
    cover with 6 in. 
    (150 mm) o\f rm 
    soil \be\fore \backll
    tie-downta\bs
    ID num\ber tag
    Inset
    minimum 4 in.
    (100 mm) separation\)
    \from metallic sur\face\)*
    ca\ble
    tie
    See inset
    1421-XR/iD  4 \feet (1.2 m) 
      (using CE-approved 
      3M marker locator)
      5 \feet (1.5 m) 
      (using U.S. 3Mmarke\)r 
      locator)
    1401-XR  5 \feet (1.5 m) 
    3.0 
    Recommended Ball Marker 
    Spacing and Depth
    Note:    See Section 4 for recommended depths of other 
    marker form factors.)
    3.1  Recommended Depth for Ball Markers
    Maximum distance from ground surface to ball marker:
    3M\f Ball Marker model Read/\betection Range
    1421-XR/iD   
    (iD version marker) 5 feet (1.5 m) 
     
    (using U.S. 3M marker locator) 
    4 feet (1.2 m)   
    (using CE-approved 3M marker locator)
    1401-XR 
    (Non-iD (passive) version 
    marker) 5 feet (1.5 m) 
    • To increase the detection area at ground level, it is 
    recommended to place the marker at half of its rated 
    depth. This will produce a detection area of approximately 
    6 feet (2 meters) in diameter.
    • If fill to finish grade is anticipated, place marker at a  2 foot (0.5 m) depth. This may vary depending on the 
    amount of fill required.
    • If a cut to finish grade is anticipated, place marker at its  maximum rated distance.
    • If it is anticipated that there will be a need to rewrite an iD  marker’s information after it has been buried, place marker 
    at a maximum depth of 1 foot (0.3 m).
    3.2  Recommended Spacing to \btility
    Place ball marker at least 4 inches (104 mm) from the facility.
    3.3 Spacing Between Ball Markers
    • The minimum distance between markers should be at least 
    3.5 feet (1.06 m) for clear identification
    • In straight sections for path marking applications, it is  recommended to place markers adjacent to existing above 
    ground landmarks such as telephone or power poles 
    to simplify future locating. Markers should be placed 
    where there is direct line of sight to the next marker. 
    Recommended 200 feet (61 m) maximum distance 
    between markers with a preferred distance of 100 feet 
    (31  m) between markers.
    • In bends or lateral pipe deflections, it is recommended to  place one marker for every 1 foot (300 mm) deflection 
    (arc) to accurately indicate cable position.
    3.4  Standard Ball Marker Tie Down Procedure
    1. Before placing the ball marker over the key point, decide 
    if a tie down procedure is necessary to keep it in place. 
    If so, secure the marker by inserting a cable tie through 
    one or both tie-down tabs on the marker and attach to the 
    key point.
    2.  If the key point is metallic, it is recommended that the 
    ball marker be separated from it with a minimum of 4 
    inches (120  mm) of clean fill dirt.
    3.  If the key point is non-metallic, place the marker over 
    the desired location. 
    4.  Hand fill at least 6 inches (150 mm) of soil over the 
    marker to prevent movement, or damage, during backfill.
    5.  Backfill the hole. 
    						
    							5
    78-9000-0281-3-A
    3.5  Alternate Ball Marker Tie Down Procedure 
    for Deeper \facilities
    1. Tie the ball marker to a section of steel rebar using a 
    cable tie. 
    Rebar
    Attach ball marker\C
    using cable tie
    C\fmmunicati\fns Line
    Bedding
    \b0 in (254 mm) n\fminal
    3.6  Additional Placement Recommendations for 
    3M
    ™ Ball Marker 1421-XR/iD
    Additional applications are possible with the XR/iD series 
    of ball markers due to their ability to store specific facility 
    information. Facility information that may be of value to 
    write into the iD ball marker includes:
    • Facility owner
    • Utility type
    • Description of facility point
    • Item of plant identification number (IPID)
    • Depth (to facility, or from marker to facility)
    • Size of cable
     
    - Fiber count (if fiber)
     
    - Number of pairs (if copper)
    • Type of material of cable  
    - Copper
     
    - PIC or Pulp
     
    - Fiber
     
    - Brand of manufacture or type
    • Address: service drop
    • Direction
    • Distance or length
    • Date of installation or repair
    • Other description information that is of value
    4.0  \form \factors
    3M offers a complete line of electronic markers that 
    provide solutions supporting a variety of communications 
    applications.
    4.1  3M™ Ball Marker 1401-XR
    The unique self-leveling 
    design of the 3M ball marker 
    horizontally orients the 
    marker coil inside the ball 
    regardless of how it is placed 
    in the ground. The marker 
    shell is made from high-
    strength plastic, which 
    protects the device from 
    mechanical and weather 
    damage. The marker contains an antenna molded inside a 
    moisture-resistant plastic disk, which is free-floating on the 
    surface of a non-freezing liquid. (The liquid is a mixture of 
    propylene glycol and water which is approved for use in 
    pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and as a food additive. The 
    mixture is readily biodegradable and will not harm humans, 
    wildlife or the environment in this application.) 3M
    ™  Ball 
    Markers 1401-XR are used to mark points of special interest 
    that may need to be accessed in the future. For 
    communications applications marking non-metallic fiber 
    optic lines, the 1401-XR ball marker is additionally used for 
    path marking due to reliability and maintenance issues with 
    tracer wires or tapes.
    3M\f Ball Markers 1401-XR and 1407-XR
    Shell diameter 4 inches (104 mm)
    Maximum installation/
    detection depth 5 feet (1.5 m)
    Minimum horizontal and 
    vertical distance from the 
    facility \feing marked 4 inches (104 mm) 
     
    from the \fall center
    Minimum distance \fetween 
    markers 3.5 feet (1.06 m) 
    						
    							6 78-9000-0281-3-A
    4.2 3M™ Ball Marker 1421-XR/iD and 1427-XR/
    iD (iD Markers)
    This marker is similar to the 
    1401-XR ball marker in size 
    and form. Additionally, the 
    1421-XR/iD ball marker 
    contains an RFID microchip, 
    which allows introduction and 
    storage of facility data. Each 
    marker comes pre-programmed 
    with a unique 10-digit 
    identification number. This pre-
    programmed number is also attached to the marker on a 
    removable bar-coded tag, which can be peeled off before 
    installation and attached to facility maps. (Refer to section 
    3.6 for a listing of applications.) In general terms, 1421-XR/
    iD ball markers are ideal for marking underground facilities 
    in urban areas with a high density of underground networks, 
    in rural areas where there are few physical landmarks that 
    can be referenced on maps, and for marking facilities that 
    cannot be located using traditional electromagnetic cable 
    locating devices. Additionally, 1421-XR/iD ball markers are 
    ideal for marking high-value facilities, lifeline facilities, or 
    other points of special interest where service outages would 
    have a significant impact and cost or hardship.
    3M\f Ball Markers 1421-XR/i\b and 1427-XR/i\b
    Shell diameter 4 inches (104 mm)
    Maximum installation/
    detection depth 5 feet (1.5 m) 
     
    (using U.S. 3M marker locator) 
    4 feet (1.2 m)   
    (using CE-approved 3M marker locator)
    Minimum horizontal and 
    vertical distance from the 
    facility 4 inches (104 mm) from the \fall center
    Minimum distance \fetween 
    markers 3.5 feet (1.06 m)
    Spacing of ball markers to the buried facility:
    4 in (104 mm)
    4.3 
    3M™ Disk Markers (Do Not Direct Bury) 
    1411-XR and 1411-XR/iD
    3M™ Disk Markers 1411-XR 
    (non-iD (passive) version 
    marker) and 1411-XR/iD (iD 
    version marker) are used in 
    hand hole applications where 
    they are attached mechanically 
    to the top cover of the hand 
    hole. 1411-XR disk markers 
    are identical in performance to 
    the 1401-XR ball markers. (See 
    note.) 1411-XR/iD disk markers contain an RFID microchip 
    and are identical in performance to the 1421-XR/iD ball 
    markers.
    Note: 3M disk markers are not intended for direct bury 
    applications or applications where they would be attached 
    to solid metal manhole covers.
    3M\f \bisk Markers 1411-XR, 1411-XR/i\b and 1417-XR
    Shell diameter 4 inches (104 mm)
    Shell height 0.7 inches (18 mm)
    Maximum installation/detection depth
    (1411-XR, non-iD version) 5 feet (1.5 m)
    Maximum installation/detection depth
    (1411-XR/iD, iD version) 5 feet (1.5 m) 
     
    (using U.S. 3M marker 
    locator) 
    4 feet (1.2 m)   
    (using CE-approved 3M 
    marker locator)
    Minimum distance \fetween markers 3.5 feet (1.06 m)
    Attach disk marker\v
    mechanically to 
    top cover in handho\vle 
    						
    							7
    78-9000-0281-3-A
    4.4  3M™ Near Surface Markers 1432 and 
    1432-XR/iD
    3M™ Near Surface Markers 1432 
    Non-iD (passive) version 
    marker and 1432-XR/iD (iD 
    version marker) are 
    recommended for urban 
    applications. Near-surface 
    markers allow for convenient marking of facilities under 
    asphalt or concrete or for marking facilities after 
    construction has completed. The marker is installed 
    vertically at a shallow depth in a hole drilled or gouged in 
    soil or in street pavement. Near-surface markers are also 
    ideal for path of facilities installed using trenchless (HDD) 
    technology and for marking existing facilities. In recent 
    years, near-surface markers have become increasingly 
    popular for marking existing or legacy facilities due to their 
    ease of installation.
    3M\f Near Surface Markers 1432 , 1432 -XR/i\b and 1437-XR/i\b
    Case diameter 0.8 inches (20 mm) 
    Case length 3 inches (76 mm)
    Maximum installation/detection depth 
    (1432, non-iD version) 2 feet (610 mm)
    Maximum installation/detection depth 
    (1432-XR/iD, iD version) 3 feet (915 mm) 
     
    (using U.S. 3M marker 
    locator) 
    2 feet (610 mm)   
    (using CE-approved 3M 
    marker locator)
    Minimum vertical distance from facility 12 inches (300 mm)
    Minimum horizontal distance from facility 2 inches (50 mm)
    Minimum distance \fetween markers 3.5 feet (1.06 m)
    Spacing of near-surface markers to the buried facility:
    Minimum 12 (30 cm\a) 
    vertica\f separation
    \brom meta\f\fic objects\a* Minimum 2 (5 cm)
    horizonta\f separation
    4.5  3M™ Mid-Range Marker 1255
    Note: Mid-Range Markers are only available as Non-iD 
    (passive) markers.
    3M
    ™ Mid-Range Marker 1255
    is used in areas with low-
    density underground facilities 
    as point markers for items of 
    special interest such as splices, 
    repair points, slack loops, 
    service stubs and as guides for 
    marking linear segments of the 
    paths of long cables that are 
    deeper than can be accommodated with ball markers. The 
    1255 mid-range marker is often used in larger ‘point’ 
    excavations but not typically used in narrow trench 
    applications due to its larger diameter.
    3M\f Mid-Range Marker 1255
    Case diameter 8.4 inches (210 mm)
    Case height 1.2 inches (30 mm) 
    Maximum installation/detection depth 6 feet (1.8 m)
    Minimum vertical distance from facility 4 inches (104 mm)
    Minimum horizontal distance from facility 4 inches (104 mm)
    Minimum distance \fetween markers 3.5 feet (1.06 m)
    Minimum 4 (104 mm\l) 
    vertical \feparation* Minimum 4 (104 mm\l)
    \borizontal \feparation*   
    						
    							8 78-9000-0281-3-A
    4.6 3M™ \full-Range Markers 1250 and 
    1250-XR/iD
    The full-range marker is designed
     for marking deep underground 
    facilities. Its large diameter is 
    also valued by facility owners 
    as a ‘dig shield’ that can help 
    protect the facility from 
    damage by being cut or 
    damaged by a shovel during 
    excavation. When placed above 
    the facility, the full-range 
    marker serves as a cover which warns of encroachment to 
    the underground facility.
    3M\f Full-Range Markers 1250 and 1250 -XR/i\b
    Case diameter 15 inches (380 mm)
    3M Marker
    Case height 0.7 inches (17 mm) 
    Maximum installation/detection depth 8 feet (2.4 m)
    (using U.S. 3M Marker 
    locator)
    6.5 feet ( 2.0 m) (using 
    CE-approved 3M Marker 
    locator)
    Minimum vertical distance from facility 6 inches (152 mm)
    Minimum horizontal distance from facility 6 inches (152 mm)
    Minimum distance \fetween markers 3.5 feet (1.06 m)
    Spacing of full-range markers to the buried facility:
    Maintain a minimum\e of
    6 (152 mm) ve\ftica\el se\ba\fation*
    (and 6 (152 mm) h\eo\fizontal se\ba\fation  if next to a bu\fied \efacility)
    5.0 3M™ Dynatel™ Electronic 
    Marker Locators 
    3M™ Dynatel™ Electronic Marker Locators are 
    recommended for locating 3M™ Electronic Markers. 
    3M offers stand-alone electronic marker locators: 3M™ 
    Dynatel™ 1420-iD (US) and 1420E-iD (CE approved for 
    export). Additionally 3M offers integrated cable locators 
    with electonic marker locating capabilities: the 3M
    ™ 
    Dynatel™ 2200M-iD series and 2500-iD series. These 
    locators provide a single integrated platform for what has 
    previously been two separate test sets. This can reduce 
    the initial capital expenditure, the number of pieces of 
    equipment that need to be maintained, space requirements 
    in the vehicle, and number of test sets that must be carried  by a technician into the field to perform a locate. The 2500-
    iD series and 2200M-iD series locators can communicate 
    with selected GPS devices which can help enhance 
    efficiencies in documenting as-built facilities and reduce the 
    need for inspection. 
    3M Dynatel offers the following electronic marker and 
    multipurpose locators:
    3M™ Dynatel™ Marker 
    Locator 1420-iD and 
    1420E-iD
    3M™ Dynatel™ Ca\fle/
    Pipe and Marker 
    Locator 2250M-iD
    3M™ Dynatel™ Ca\fle/
    Pipe/Fault and Marker 
    Locator 2273M-iD
    3M™ Dynatel™ Ca\fle/
    Pipe and Marker 
    Locator 2550-iD
    3M™ Dynatel™ Ca\fle/
    Pipe/Fault and Marker 
    Locator 2573-iD
    Additional information about 3M™ Dynatel™ cable and 
    electronic marker locating products for communications 
    applications is available at  www.3M.com/dynatel or from 
    your local 3M sales professional. 
    						
    							9
    78-9000-0281-3-A
    6.0  3M™ Dynatel™ Electronic Marker Information 
    6.1  3M™ Electronic Marker Part Numbers & Descriptions
    Utility Marker ColorNon-i\b (Passive) Marker Part # Id Marker Part #
    Ball Markers
    Telephone Orange 1401-XR1421-XR/iD
    CATV/Comm. Black/Orange 1407-XR1427-XR/iD
    \bisk Markers (\bo Not \birect Bury) Telephone Orange 1411-XR1411-XR/iD
    CATV/Comm. Orange 1417-XR—
    Near-Surface Markers Telephone Orange 14321432-XR/iD
    CATV/Comm. Black/Orange —1437-XR/iD
    Mid-Range Markers Telephone Black w/Orange Printing 1255—
    CATV/Comm. — ——
    Full-Range Markers Telephone Orange 12501250-XR-iD
    CATV/Comm. Black/Orange ——
    6.2 3M™ Electronic Marker Write & Read/Detection Ranges
    U.S. Model Marker Locators
    3M i\b Markers Maximum Writing RangeMaximum Reading/\betection Range
    Near-Surface iD Markers 6 inches (15 cm)3 feet (0.9 m)
    Ball iD Markers 12 inches (30 cm)5 feet (1.5 m)
    Disk iD Markers (Do Not Direct Bury) 12 inches (30 cm)5 feet (1.5 m)
    Full-Range iD Markers 24 inches (61 cm)8 feet (2.4 m)
    3M Non-i\b (Passive) Markers
    Near-Surface Non-iD Markers —2 feet (0.6 m)
    Ball Non-iD Markers —5 feet (1.5 m)
    Disk Non-iD Markers (Do Not Direct Bury) —5 feet (1.5 m)
    Mid-Range Non-iD Markers —6 feet (1.8 m)
    Full-Range Non-iD Markers —8 feet (2.4 m) 
    						
    							CE Approved (Export) Model Marker Locators
    3M i\b MarkersMaximum Writing RangeMaximum Reading/\betection Range
    Near-Surface iD Markers 15 cm (6 inches)61 cm (24 inches)
    Ball iD Markers 30 cm (12 inches)1.2 m (48 inches)
    Disk iD Markers (Do Not Direct Bury) 30 cm (12 inches)1.2 m (48 inches)
    Full-Range iD Markers 61 cm (24 inches)2.0 m (78 inches)
    3M Non-i\b (Passive) Markers
    Near-Surface   
    Non-iD Markers —
    0.6 m (2 feet)
    Ball Non-iD Markers —1.5 m (5 feet)
    Disk Non-iD Markers (Do Not Direct Bury) —1.5 m (5 feet)
    Mid-Range   
    Non-iD Markers —
    1.8 m (6 feet)
    Full-Range   
    Non-iD Markers —
    2.4 m (8 feet)
    6.3 3M™ Electronic Marker Environmental Specifications
    Environmental Specifications
    Operating Temperature -4°F to 122°F (-20°C to 50°C)
    Storage Temperature -40°F to 158°F (-40°C to 70°C)
    *    Target size and material dependent. Depth estimation may \fe adversely affected when placing the marker a\fove a large metallic o\fject, such as a 
    manhole cover. To improve depth estimation accuracy, increase the vertical separation from the metallic o\fject to at least 12 inches (30 cm) or perform 
    a field test for accuracy.
    3
    Track and Trace Solutions6801 River Place Blvd.
    Austin, TX 78726-9000
    1-800-426-8688
    www.3M.com/dynatel Please Recycle. Printed in USA.
    © 3M 2010. All Rights Reserved.
    78-9000-0281-3-A
    3M and Dynatel are trademarks of 3M Company\f 
    						
    All 3M manuals Comments (0)

    Related Manuals for 3M Communications Facilities User Manual