Steinberg Cubase SX/SL 3 Operation Manual
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CUBASE SX/SLAudio processing and functions 16 – 385
5.If you move the mouse pointer over the graph, a crosshair cursor fol-
lows the graph curve and the display in the upper right corner shows
the frequency/note and level at the current position.
To compare the level between two frequencies, move the pointer to one of the fre-
quencies, right-click (Win) or [Ctrl]-click (Mac) once and move the pointer to the sec-
ond frequency. The delta value (the difference in level between the current position
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CUBASE SX/SLAudio processing and functions 16 – 385
5.If you move the mouse pointer over the graph, a crosshair cursor fol-
lows the graph curve and the display in the upper right corner shows
the frequency/note and level at the current position.
To compare the level between two frequencies, move the pointer to one of the fre-
quencies, right-click (Win) or [Ctrl]-click (Mac) once and move the pointer to the sec-
ond frequency. The delta value (the difference in level between the current position
and...")
CUBASE SX/SLAudio processing and functions 16 – 381 3.Adjust the settings in the area below the waveform display. They have the following functionality: Setting Description Open Threshold When the audio level exceeds this value, the function will “open”, i.e. let the sound through. Set this low enough to open when a sound starts, but high enough to remove unwanted noise during “silent” sections. Close Threshold When the audio level drops below this value, the function will “close”. This value cannot be higher than the Open Threshold value. Set this high enough to remove unwanted noise during “silent” sections. Linked If this checkbox is ticked, Open and Close Threshold will have the same value. Min. Opening Time Determines the minimum time that the function will remain “open” after the audio level has exceeded the Open Threshold value. If the audio contains repeated short sounds, and you find that this results in too many short “open” sections, try raising this value. Min. Closing Time Determines the minimum time that the function will remain “closed” after the audio level has dropped below the Close Threshold value. Usually you would want to set this to a low value, to avoid re- moving sounds. Pre-Roll Allows you to have the function “open” slightly before the au- dio level exceeds the Open Threshold value. In other words, the start of each “open” section is moved to the left according to the time you set here. This is useful to avoid removing the attack of sounds. Post-Roll Allows you to have the function “close” slightly after the audio level drops below the Close Threshold value. This is useful to avoid removing the natural decay of sounds.
CUBASE SX/SL16 – 382 Audio processing and functions 4.Click the “Compute” button. The audio event is analyzed, and the waveform display is redrawn to indicate which sections will be considered “silent”, according to your settings. •If you like, you can use the Preview function to listen to the result. The event is played back repeatedly in its entire length, but with the “closed” sections silenced. 5.Repeat steps 3 and 4 until you are satisfied with the result. 6.Select what you want the function to do, by activating either the “Add as Regions” checkbox, the “Strip Silence” checkbox, or both. “Add as Regions” will create regions according to the non-silent sections. “Strip Si- lence” will split the event at the start and end of each non-silent section, and remove the silent sections in between. 7.If you activated “Add as Regions”, you can specify a name for the Re- gions in the Regions Name field. In addition to the name, the regions will be numbered, starting with the number speci- fied in the Auto Number Start field. 8.Click “Process”. The event is split and/or regions are added. The result of the “Strip Silence” option. •If you selected more than one event in step 1 above, the dialog will appear again, allowing you to make separate settings for each se- lected event.
CUBASE SX/SLAudio processing and functions 16 – 383 The Spectrum Analyzer (Cubase SX only) This function analyzes the selected audio, computes the average “spectrum” (level distribution over the frequency range) and displays this as a two-dimensional graph, with frequency on the x-axis and level on the y-axis. 1.Make an audio selection (a clip, an event or a range selection). 2.Select “Spectrum Analyzer” from the Audio menu. A dialog with settings for the analysis appears. The default values are chosen to give good results in most situations, but you can adjust the settings if you like: Setting Description Size in Samples The function divides the audio into “analysis blocks”, the size of which is set here. The larger this value, the higher the frequency resolution of the resulting spectrum. Size of Overlap The overlap between each analysis block. Window used Allows you to select which window type should be used for the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform, the mathematical method used for computing the spectrum). Normalized values When this is activated, the resulting level values are scaled, so that the highest level is displayed as “1” (0 dB). From Stereo When analyzing stereo material, there is a pop-up menu with the following options: Mono mix – the stereo signal is mixed to mono before analyzing. Mono left/right – the left or right channel signal is used for analysis. Stereo – both channels are analyzed (two separate spectrums will be displayed).
CUBASE SX/SL16 – 384 Audio processing and functions 3.Click the “Process” button. The spectrum is computed and displayed as a graph. 4.You can adjust the display with the settings in the display window: Setting Description dB When this is activated, the vertical axis shows dB values. When it is deactivated, values between 0 and 1 are shown. Freq. logWhen this is activated, frequencies (on the horizontal axis) are dis- played on a logarithmic scale. When it is deactivated, the frequency axis is linear. Precision Indicates the frequency resolution of the graph. This value cannot be changed here, but is governed by the Size in Samples setting in the previous dialog. Frequency/Note Allows you to select whether you want the frequencies to be dis- played in Hertz or with note names. Min. Sets the lowest frequency shown in the graph. Max. Sets the highest frequency shown in the graph. By adjusting the Min and Max values, you can take a closer look at a smaller frequency range. Active When this is activated, the next Spectrum Analysis will appear in the same window. When deactivated, new Spectrum Analysis results will appear in separate windows.
CUBASE SX/SLAudio processing and functions 16 – 385 5.If you move the mouse pointer over the graph, a crosshair cursor fol- lows the graph curve and the display in the upper right corner shows the frequency/note and level at the current position. To compare the level between two frequencies, move the pointer to one of the fre- quencies, right-click (Win) or [Ctrl]-click (Mac) once and move the pointer to the sec- ond frequency. The delta value (the difference in level between the current position and the right/[Ctrl]-click position) is displayed in the upper right corner (labeled “D”). •If you analyzed stereo audio and selected the “Stereo” option in the first dialog, the graphs for the left and right channel are superimposed in the display, with the left channel graph in white and the right channel graph in yellow. The display in the upper right corner shows the values for the left channel – to see the right channel values, hold down [Shift]. An “L” or “R” is displayed to indicate which chan- nel values are shown. 6.You can leave the window open or close it by clicking the “Close” button. If you leave it open and the “Active” checkbox is ticked, the result of the next Spectrum Analysis will be displayed in the same window.
CUBASE SX/SL16 – 386 Audio processing and functions Statistics (Cubase SX only) The Statistics function on the Audio menu analyzes the selected audio (events, clips or range selections) and displays a window with the fol- lowing information: Item Description Min. Sample Value The lowest sample value in the selection, as a value between -1 and 1 and in dB. Max. Sample Value The highest sample value in the selection, as a value between -1 and 1 and in dB. Peak Amplitude The largest sample value (in absolute numbers) in the selection, in dB. DC Offset The amount of DC Offset (see page 368) in the selection, as a percentage and in dB. Estimated ResolutionEven though an audio file is in 16 or 24 bits, it may have been converted from a lower resolution. The Estimated Resolution value makes an educated guess about the actual audio resolution, by computing the smallest level difference between two samples. Estimated Pitch The estimated pitch of the audio selection. Sample Rate The sample rate of the audio selection. Min. RMS Power The lowest loudness (RMS) measured in the selection. Max. RMS Power The highest loudness (RMS) measured in the selection. Average The average loudness over the whole selection.
CUBASE SX/SL17 – 388 The Sample Editor Background The Sample Editor allows you to view and manipulate audio at the au- dio clip level, by cutting and pasting, removing or drawing audio data or applying effects. This editing can be called “non-destructive”, in the sense that you can undo changes or revert to the original versions at any point, using the Offline Process History. For details, see the section about non-destructive processing on page 354 and the description of the Offline Process History on page 377. The Sample Editor also contains most of the Audio Warp related fea- tures. These are described in a separate chapter, see page 422. Opening the Sample Editor You open the Sample Editor by double clicking an audio event in the Project window or the Audio Part Editor, or by double clicking an au- dio clip in the Pool. You can have more than one Sample Editor open at the same time. •Note that double clicking on an audio part in the Project window will open the Audio Part Editor, even if the part only contains a single audio event. See page 410.
CUBASE SX/SLThe Sample Editor 17 – 389 Window overview The Elements menu If you right-click (Win) or [Ctrl]-click (Mac) in the Sample Editor to bring up the Quick menu, you will find a sub menu called “Elements”. By activating or deactivating options on this submenu, you can decide what you want shown in the editor window. Some of these options are also available as icons on the toolbar.
CUBASE SX/SL17 – 390 The Sample Editor The toolbar The toolbar contains tools and various settings: • You can customize the toolbar by right-clicking it (Win) or [Ctrl]-clicking it (Mac) and using the pop-up menu to hide or show items. Selecting Setup from the pop-up menu allows you to reorder sections on the toolbar, store presets, etc. See page 767. The thumbnail display The thumbnail display provides an overview of the whole clip. The sec- tion currently shown in the Sample Editor’s main waveform display is indicated by a blue rectangle in the thumbnail, while the current selec- tion range is shown in blue. The Sample Editor toolsAudition, Loop & Volume controls Show regions AutoscrollShow Event Show info line Snap to Zero CrossingLength of the current selection rangeStart and end of current selection range Hitpoint modeHitpoint controls Warp Control Settings Musical controlsMusical ModeShow Warp tabs