Apple IPhone IOS 71 User Guide

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 131
Activate
 •Double-tap:  Activate the selected item.
 •Triple-tap:  Double-tap an item.
 •Split-tap:  As an alternative to selecting an item and double-tapping to activate it, touch an 
item with one finger, and then tap the screen with another.
 •Double-tap and hold (1 second) + standard gesture:  Use a standard gesture. The double-tap 
and hold gesture tells iPhone to interpret the next gesture as standard. For example, you can 
double-tap and hold, and then without lifting your finger, drag your finger to slide a switch.
 •Two-finger double-tap:  Answer or end a call. Play or pause in Music, Videos, Voice Memos, or 
Photos. Take a photo in Camera. Start or pause recording in Camera or Voice Memos. Start or 
stop the stopwatch.
 •Two-finger double-tap and hold:  Change an item’s label to make it easier to find.
 •Two-finger triple-tap:  Open the Item Chooser.
 •Three-finger triple-tap:  Mute or unmute VoiceOver.
 •Three-finger quadruple-tap:  Turn the screen curtain on or off.
Use the VoiceOver rotor
Use the rotor to choose what happens when you swipe up or down with VoiceOver turned on.
Operate the rotor. Rotate two fingers on the screen around a point between them.
Choose your rotor options. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Rotor and 
select the options you want to be available in the rotor.
The available rotor positions and their effects depend on what you’re doing. For example, if 
you’re reading an email, you can use the rotor to switch between hearing text spoken word-by-
word or character-by-character when you swipe up or down. If you’re browsing a webpage, you 
can set the rotor to speak all text (word-by-word or character-by-character), or to jump to the 
next item of a certain type, such as a header or link.
When you use an Apple Wireless Keyboard to control VoiceOver, the rotor lets you adjust settings 
such as volume, speech rate, use of pitch or phonetics, typing echo, and reading of punctuation. 
See Use VoiceOver with an Apple Wireless Keyboard
 on page 13 5 .
Use the onscreen keyboard
When you activate an editable text field, the onscreen keyboard appears (unless you have an 
Apple Wireless Keyboard attached).
Activate a text field. Select the text field, then double-tap. The insertion point and the onscreen 
keyboard appear.
Enter text. Type characters using the onscreen keyboard:
 •Standard typing:  Select a key on the keyboard by swiping left or right, then double-tap to 
enter the character. Or move your finger around the keyboard to select a key and, while 
continuing to touch the key with one finger, tap the screen with another finger. VoiceOver 
speaks the key when it’s selected, and again when the character is entered. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 13 2
 •Touch typing:  Touch a key on the keyboard to select it, then lift your finger to enter the 
character. If you touch the wrong key, slide your finger to the key you want. VoiceOver 
speaks the character for each key as you touch it, but doesn’t enter a character until you lift 
your finger.
 •Choose standard or touch typing:  With VoiceOver turned on and a key selected on the 
keyboard, use the rotor to select Typing Mode, then swipe up or down.
Move the insertion point. Swipe up or down to move the insertion point forward or backward in 
the text. Use the rotor to choose whether you want to move the insertion point by character, by 
word, or by line. 
VoiceOver makes a sound when the insertion point moves, and speaks the character, word, or 
line that the insertion point moves across. When moving forward by words, the insertion point 
is placed at the end of each word, before the space or punctuation that follows. When moving 
backward, the insertion point is placed at the end of the preceding word, before the space or 
punctuation that follows it.
Move the insertion point past the punctuation at the end of a word or sentence. Use the rotor 
to switch back to character mode.
When moving the insertion point by line, VoiceOver speaks each line as you move across it. 
When moving forward, the insertion point is placed at the beginning of the next line (except 
when you reach the last line of a paragraph, when the insertion point is moved to the end of the 
line just spoken). When moving backward, the insertion point is placed at the beginning of the 
line that’s spoken.
Change typing feedback. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > 
Typing Feedback.
Use phonetics in typing feedback. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > 
Use Phonetics. Text is read character by character. VoiceOver first speaks the character, then its 
phonetic equivalent—for example, “f ” and then “foxtrot.”
Delete a character. Use 
 with either standard or touch typing techniques. VoiceOver speaks 
each character as it’s deleted. If Use Pitch Change is turned on, VoiceOver speaks deleted 
characters in a lower pitch.
Select text. Set the rotor to Edit, swipe up or down to choose Select or Select All, then double-
tap. If you chose Select, the word closest to the insertion point is selected when you double-
tap. To increase or decrease the selection, do a two-finger scrub to dismiss the pop-up menu, 
then pinch.
Cut, copy, or paste. Set the rotor to Edit, select the text, swipe up or down to choose Cut, Copy, 
or Paste, then double-tap.
Undo. Shake iPhone, swipe left or right to choose the action to undo, then double-tap.
Enter an accented character. In standard typing mode, select the plain character, then double-
tap and hold until you hear a sound indicating alternate characters have appeared. Drag left or 
right to select and hear the choices. Release your finger to enter the current selection.
Change the keyboard language. Set the rotor to Language, then swipe up or down. Choose 
“default language” to use the language specified in International settings. The Language rotor 
item appears only if you select more than one language in Settings > General > Accessibility > 
VoiceOver > Language Rotor. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 13 3
Write with your finger
Enter handwriting mode. Use the rotor to select Handwriting. If Handwriting isn’t in the rotor, go 
to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Rotor and add it.
Choose a character type. Swipe up or down with three fingers to choose lowercase, numbers, 
uppercase, or punctuation.
Hear the currently selected character type. Tap with three fingers.
Enter a character. Trace the character on the screen with your finger.
Enter a space. Swipe right with two fingers.
Go to a new line. Swipe right with three fingers.
Delete the character before the insertion point. Swipe left with two fingers.
Select an item on the Home screen. Start writing the name of the item. If there are multiple 
matches, continue to spell the name until it is unique, or swipe up or down with two fingers to 
select a match candidate.
Enter your passcode silently. Set the rotor to Handwriting on the passcode screen, then write 
the characters of your passcode.
Skip to a letter in a table index. Select the index to the right of the table, then write the letter.
Set the rotor to a web browsing element type. Write the first letter of a page element type. For 
example, write “l” to have up or down swipes skip to links, or “h” to skip to headings.
Exit handwriting mode. Turn the rotor to a different selection.
Read math equations
VoiceOver can read aloud math equations encoded using:
 •MathML on the web
 •MathML or LaTeX in iBooks Author
Hear an equation. Have VoiceOver read the text as usual. VoiceOver says “math” before it starts 
reading an equation.
Explore the equation. Double tap the selected equation to display it full screen and move 
through it one element at a time. Swipe left or right to read elements of the equation. Use the 
rotor to select Symbols, Small Expressions, Medium Expressions, or Large Expressions, then swipe 
up or down to hear the next element of that size. You can continue to double-tap the selected 
element to “drill down” into the equation to focus on the selected element, then swipe left or 
right, up or down to read one part at a time.
Equations read by VoiceOver can also be output to a braille device using Nemeth code, as well 
as the codes used by Unified English Braille, British English, French, and Greek. See Support for 
braille displays
 on page 13 7 .
Make phone calls with VoiceOver
Answer or end a call. Double-tap the screen with two fingers.
When a phone call is established with VoiceOver on, the screen displays the numeric keypad by 
default, instead of showing call options.
Display call options. Select the Hide Keypad button in the lower-right corner and double-tap.
Display the numeric keypad again. Select the Keypad button near the center of the screen and 
double-tap. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 13 4
Use VoiceOver with Safari
Search the web. Select the search field, enter your search, then swipe right or left to move down 
or up the list of suggested search phrases. Then double-tap the screen to search the web using 
the selected phrase.
Skip to the next page element of a particular type. Set the rotor to the element type, then 
swipe up or down.
Set the rotor options for web browsing. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > 
Rotor. Tap to select or deselect options, or drag 
 up or down to reposition an item.
Skip images while navigating. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Navigate 
Images. You can choose to skip all images or only those without descriptions.
Reduce page clutter for easier reading and navigation. Select the Reader item in the Safari 
address field (not available for all pages).
If you pair an Apple Wireless Keyboard with iPhone, you can use single-key Quick Nav commands 
to navigate webpages. See Use VoiceOver with an Apple Wireless Keyboard
 on page 13 5 .
Use VoiceOver with Maps
You can use VoiceOver to explore a region, browse points of interest, follow roads, zoom in or 
out, select a pin, or get information about a location.
Explore the map. Drag your finger around the screen, or swipe left or right to move to 
another item.
Zoom in or out. Select the map, set the rotor to Zoom, then swipe down or up with one finger.
Pan the map. Swipe with three fingers.
Browse visible points of interest. Set the rotor to Points of Interest, then swipe up or down with 
one finger.
Follow a road. Hold your finger down on the road, wait until you hear “pause to follow,” then 
move your finger along the road while listening to the guide tone. The pitch increases when you 
stray from the road.
Select a pin. Touch a pin, or swipe left or right to select the pin. 
Get information about a location. With a pin selected, double-tap to display the information 
flag. Swipe left or right to select the More Info button, then double-tap to display the 
information page.
Hear location cues as you move about. Turn on Tracking with heading to hear street names and 
points of interest as you approach them.
Edit videos and voice memos with VoiceOver
You can use VoiceOver gestures to trim Camera videos and Voice Memo recordings.
Trim a video. While viewing a video in Photos, double-tap the screen to display the video 
controls, then select the beginning or end of the trim tool. Then swipe up to drag to the right, or 
swipe down to drag to the left. VoiceOver announces the amount of time the current position 
will trim from the recording. To complete the trim, select Trim and double-tap.
Trim a voice memo. Select the memo in Voice Memos, tap Edit, then tap Start Trimming. Select 
the beginning or end of the selection, double-tap and hold, then drag to adjust. VoiceOver 
announces the amount of time the current position will trim from the recording. Tap Play to 
preview the trimmed recording. When you’ve got it the way you want it, tap Trim. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 13 5
Use VoiceOver with an Apple Wireless Keyboard
You can control VoiceOver using an Apple Wireless Keyboard paired with iPhone. See Use an 
Apple Wireless Keyboard
 on page 27.
Use VoiceOver keyboard commands to navigate the screen, select items, read screen contents, 
adjust the rotor, and perform other VoiceOver actions. Most commands use the Control-Option 
key combination, abbreviated in the table that follow as “VO.” 
You can use VoiceOver Help to learn the keyboard layout and the actions associated with various 
key combinations. VoiceOver Help speaks keys and keyboard commands as you type them, 
without performing the associated action.
VoiceOver keyboard commands
VO = Control-Option
 •Turn on VoiceOver help:  VO–K
 •Turn off VoiceOver help:  Escape
 •Select the next or previous item:  VO–Right Arrow or VO–Left Arrow
 •Double-tap to activate the selected item:  VO–Space bar
 •Press the Home button:  VO–H
 •Touch and hold the selected item:  VO–Shift–M
 •Move to the status bar:  VO–M
 •Read from the current position:  VO–A
 •Read from the top:  VO–B
 •Pause or resume reading:  Control
 •Copy the last spoken text to the clipboard:  VO–Shift–C
 •Search for text:  VO–F
 •Mute or unmute VoiceOver:  VO–S
 •Open Notification Center:  Fn–VO–Up Arrow
 •Open Control Center:  Fn–VO–Down Arrow
 •Open the Item Chooser:  VO–I
 •Change the label of the selected item:  VO–/
 •Double-tap with two fingers:  VO–”-”
 •Adjust the rotor:  Use Quick Nav (see below)
 •Swipe up or down:  VO–Up Arrow or VO–Down Arrow
 •Adjust the speech rotor:  VO–Command–Left Arrow or VO–Command–Right Arrow
 •Adjust the setting specified by the speech rotor:  VO–Command–Up Arrow or VO–Command–
Down Arrow
 •Turn the screen curtain on or off:  VO–Shift–S
 •Return to the previous screen:  Escape
Quick Nav
Turn on Quick Nav to control VoiceOver using the arrow keys.
 •Turn Quick Nav on or off:  Left Arrow–Right Arrow
 •Select the next or previous item:  Right Arrow or Left Arrow
 •Select the next or previous item specified by the rotor:  Up Arrow or Down Arrow 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 13 6
 •Select the first or last item:  Control–Up Arrow or Control–Down Arrow
 •Double-tap to activate the selected item:  Up Arrow–Down Arrow
 •Scroll up, down, left, or right:  Option–Up Arrow, Option–Down Arrow, Option–Left Arrow, or 
Option–Right Arrow
 •Adjust the rotor:  Up Arrow–Left Arrow or Up Arrow–Right Arrow
You can also use the number keys on an Apple Wireless Keyboard to dial a phone number in 
Phone or enter numbers in Calculator.
Single-key Quick Nav for web browsing
When you view a webpage with Quick Nav on, you can use the following keys on the keyboard 
to navigate the page quickly. Typing the key moves to the next item of the indicated type. To 
move to the previous item, hold the Shift key as you type the letter.
 •Heading:  H
 •Link:  L
 •Text field:  R
 •Button:  B
 •Form control:  C
 •Image:  I
 •Table:  T
 •Static text:  S
 •ARIA landmark:  W
 •List:  X
 •Item of the same type:  M
 •Level 1 heading:  1
 •Level 2 heading:  2
 •Level 3 heading:  3
 •Level 4 heading:  4
 •Level 5 heading:  5
 •Level 6 heading:  6
Text editing
Use these commands (with Quick Nav turned off ) to work with text. VoiceOver reads the text as 
you move the insertion point.
 •Go forward or back one character:  Right Arrow or Left Arrow
 •Go forward or back one word:  Option–Right Arrow or Option–Left Arrow
 •Go up or down one line:  Up Arrow or Down Arrow
 •Go to the beginning or end of the line:  Command–Left Arrow or Command–Down Arrow
 •Go to the beginning or end of the paragraph:  Option–Up Arrow or Option–Down Arrow
 •Go to the previous or next paragraph:  Option–Up Arrow or Option–Down Arrow
 •Go to the top or bottom of the text field:  Command–Up Arrow or Command–Down Arrow
 •Select text as you move:  Shift + any of the insertion point movement commands above
 •Select all text:  Command–A
 •Copy, cut, or paste the selected text:  Command–C, Command–X, or Command–V
 •Undo or redo last change:  Command–Z or Shift–Command–Z 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 13 7
Support for braille displays
You can use a Bluetooth braille display to read VoiceOver output, and you can use a braille 
display with input keys and other controls to control iPhone when VoiceOver is turned on. For a 
list of supported braille displays, see www.apple.com/accessibility/ios/braille-display.html.
Connect a braille display. Turn on the display, then go to Settings > Bluetooth and turn on 
Bluetooth. Then, go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Braille and choose 
the display.
Adjust Braille settings. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Braille, where  
you can:
 •Turn on contracted braille
 •Turn off automatic braille translation
 •Turn off eight-dot braille
 •Turn on the status cell and choose its location
 •Turn on Nemeth code for equations
 •Display the onscreen keyboard
 •Change the braille translation from Unified English
For information about common braille commands for VoiceOver navigation, and for information 
specific to certain displays, see support.apple.com/kb/HT4400.
The braille display uses the language that’s set for Voice Control. This is normally the language 
set for iPhone in Settings > International > Language. You can use the VoiceOver language 
setting to set a different language for VoiceOver and braille displays.
Set the language for VoiceOver. Go to Settings > General > International > Voice Control.
If you change the language for iPhone, you may need to reset the language for VoiceOver and 
your braille display.
You can set the leftmost or rightmost cell of your braille display to provide system status and 
other information. For example:
 •Announcement History contains an unread message
 •The current Announcement History message hasn’t been read
 •VoiceOver speech is muted
 •The iPhone battery is low (less than 20% charge)
 •iPhone is in landscape orientation
 •The screen display is turned off
 •The current line contains additional text to the left
 •The current line contains additional text to the right
Set the leftmost or rightmost cell to display status information. Go to Settings > General > 
Accessibility > VoiceOver > Braille > Status Cell and tap Left or Right. 
See an expanded description of the status cell. On your braille display, press the status cell’s 
router button.
Siri
With Siri, you can do things like opening apps just by asking, and VoiceOver can read Siri 
responses to you. See Chapter 4, Siri, on page 41 . 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 13 8
Zoom
Many apps let you zoom in or out on specific items. For example, you can double-tap or pinch 
to expand webpage columns in Safari. There’s also a Zoom accessibility feature that lets you 
magnify the entire screen of any app you’re using. You can use Zoom together with VoiceOver.
Turn Zoom on or off. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Zoom. Or, use the Accessibility 
Shortcut. See Accessibility Shortcut
 on page 12 7.
Zoom in or out. Double-tap the screen with three fingers.
Vary the magnification. With three fingers, tap and drag up or down. The tap-and-drag gesture 
is similar to a double-tap, except you don’t lift your fingers on the second tap—instead, drag 
your fingers on the screen. Once you start dragging, you can drag with a single finger. iPhone 
returns to the adjusted magnification when you zoom out and in again using the three-finger 
double-tap.
Pan around the screen. While zoomed in, drag the screen with three fingers. Once you start 
dragging, you can continue with just one finger. Or, hold a single finger near the edge of the 
screen to pan to that side. Move your finger closer to the edge to pan more quickly. When you 
open a new screen, Zoom goes to the upper-middle of the screen.
While using Zoom with an Apple Wireless Keyboard (see Use an Apple Wireless Keyboard
 on 
page 27 ), the screen image follows the insertion point, keeping it in the center of the display.
Invert Colors
Sometimes, inverting the colors on the iPhone screen may make it easier to read. When Invert 
Colors is turned on, the screen looks like a photographic negative.
Invert the screen’s colors. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Invert Colors.
Speak Selection
Even with VoiceOver turned off, you can have iPhone read aloud any text you select. 
iPhone analyzes the text to determine the language, then reads it to you using the 
appropriate pronunciation.
Turn on Speak Selection. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Speak Selection. There you 
can also:
 •Choose a language, dialect, and voice quality
 •Adjust the speaking rate
 •Choose to have individual words highlighted as they’re read
Have text read to you. Select the text, then tap Speak.
Speak Auto-text
Speak Auto-text speaks the text corrections and suggestions iPhone makes when you type.
Turn Speak Auto-text on or off. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Speak Auto-text.
Speak Auto-text also works with VoiceOver and Zoom. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 13 9
Large, bold, and high-contrast text
Display larger text in apps such as Calendar, Contacts, Mail, Messages, and Notes. Go to 
Settings > General > Accessibility > Larger Text, where you can turn on Larger Dynamic Type and 
adjust the font size.
Display bolder text on iPhone. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility and turn on Bold Text.
Increase text contrast where possible. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility and turn on 
Increase Contrast.
Reduce onscreen motion
You can stop the movement of some screen elements, such as the parallax of the wallpaper 
behind home screen icons.
Reduce motion. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility and turn on Reduce Motion.
On/off switch labels
To make it easier to see whether a setting is on or off, you can have iPhone show an additional 
label on on/off switches.
Add switch setting labels. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility and turn on On/Off Labels.
Hearing aids
Made for iPhone hearing aids
If you have a Made for iPhone hearing aid (available for iPhone 4s or later), you can use iPhone to 
adjust its settings to suit your listening needs.
Adjust hearing aid settings and view status. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Hearing 
Aids, or set the Accessibility Shortcut to open Hearing Aid Control. See Accessibility Shortcut
 on 
page 12 7 . 
For shortcut access from the Lock screen, turn on Settings > Accessibility > Hearing Aids > 
Control on Lock Screen. Use the settings to:
 •Check hearing aid battery status.
 •Adjust ambient microphone volume and equalization.
 •Choose which hearing aids (left, right, or both) should receive streaming audio.
 •Control Live Listen.
Use iPhone as a remote microphone. You can use Live Listen to stream sound from the 
microphone in iPhone to your hearing aids. This can help you hear better in some situations by 
positioning the iPhone nearer the sound source. Triple-click the Home button, choose Hearing 
Aids, then tap Start Live Listen.
Stream audio to your hearing aids. Stream audio from Phone, Siri, Music, Videos, and more, by 
choosing your hearing aids from the AirPlay menu 
.
Hearing Aid Mode
iPhone has a Hearing Aid Mode that, when activated, may reduce interference with some 
hearing aid models. Hearing Aid Mode reduces the transmission power of the cellular radio in 
the GSM 1900 MHz band and may result in decreased 2G cellular coverage.
Activate Hearing Aid Mode. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Hearing Aids. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 14 0
Hearing aid compatibility
The FCC has adopted hearing aid compatibility (HAC) rules for digital wireless phones. These 
rules require certain phones to be tested and rated under the American National Standard 
Institute (ANSI) C63.19-2007 hearing aid compatibility standards. 
The ANSI standard for hearing aid compatibility contains two types of ratings:
 •An “M” rating for reduced radio frequency interference to enable acoustic coupling with 
hearing aids that are not operating in telecoil mode
 •A “T” rating for inductive coupling with hearing aids operating in telecoil mode
These ratings are given on a scale from one to four, where four is the most compatible. A phone 
is considered hearing aid compatible under FCC rules if it is rated M3 or M4 for acoustic coupling 
and T3 or T4 for inductive coupling.
For iPhone hearing aid compatibility ratings, see www.apple.com/support/hac .
Hearing aid compatibility ratings don’t guarantee that a particular hearing aid works with a 
particular phone. Some hearing aids may work well with phones that don’t meet particular 
ratings. To ensure interoperability between a hearing aid and a phone, try using them together 
before purchase.
This phone has been tested and rated for use with hearing aids for some of the wireless 
technologies it uses. However, there may be some newer wireless technologies used in this 
phone that have not been tested yet for use with hearing aids. It is important to try the different 
features of this phone thoroughly and in different locations, using your hearing aid or cochlear 
implant, to determine if you hear any interfering noise. Consult your service provider or Apple 
for information on hearing aid compatibility. If you have questions about return or exchange 
policies, consult your service provider or phone retailer.
Subtitles and closed captions
The Videos app includes an Alternate Track button , which you can tap to choose subtitles and 
captions offered by the video you’re watching. Standard subtitles and captions are usually listed, 
but if you prefer special accessible captions, such as subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing 
(SDH), you can set iPhone to list them instead when they’re available.
Prefer accessible subtitles and closed captions for the hard of hearing in the list of available 
subtitles and captions. Turn on Settings > General > Accessibility > Subtitles & Captioning > 
Closed Captions + SDH. This also turns on subtitles and captions in the Videos app.
Choose from available subtitles and captions. Tap 
 while watching a video in Videos.
Customize your subtitles and captions. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Subtitles & 
Captioning > Style, where you can choose an existing caption style or create a new style based 
on your choice of:
 •Font, size, and color
 •Background color and opacity
 •Text opacity, edge style, and highlight
Not all videos include closed captions.